GMATPractice Test—Freddy

*GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council.

*

Quantitative

SECTION 1

Directions for Section One: The following questions are either Problem Solving or Data Sufficiency.

Problem Solving questions are those with five listed answer choices. In each of these, select the best answerchoice, and mark the corresponding oval on your exam grid. Note that figures are drawn as accurately aspossible except when it is stated that a figure is not drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwiseindicated.

Data Sufficiency questions are those which have a question stem followed by two statements containingcertain data. Your task is to determine whether the data provided by the statements are sufficient to answerthe question. The answer choices for all of these questions are always the same. They are the following:

(A) Statement (1) BY ITSELF is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (2) by itself is not.

(B) Statement (2) BY ITSELF is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (1) by itself is not.

(C) Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, even though NEITHERstatement BY ITSELF is sufficient.

(D) EITHER statement BY ITSELF is sufficient to answer the question.

(E) Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question, requiring more datapertaining to the problem.

Based upon the statements’ data, your knowledge of mathematics, and your familiarity with everyday facts(such as the number of minutes in an hour), select the best answer choice, and mark it on your answer grid. Afigure accompanying a Data Sufficiency question will conform to the information in the question stem, but willnot necessarily conform to the information in the two statements. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.Note that you may assume that the positions of points, angles, regions, etc., exist in the order shown and thatangle measures are greater than zero. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.

5

QUANTITATIVE

SECTION 1

Time—75 minutes37 Questions

1. If a = �27

�b and b = �73

�c, then what percent of a is c ?

�� 150

�� 125

�� 66�32

�

�� 57�71

�

�� 50

2. What is the decimal equivalent of ��25

��4?

�� 0.004096

�� 0.01024

�� 0.0256

�� 0.064

�� 0.16

3. If a point is to be selected at random from theset of all possible points in a rectangle with anarea of 30, what is the probability that the pointlies inside or on a circle of radius R ?

(1) R = 2

(2) The center of the circle is inside therectangle.

4. a♣ = a – a2. What is the value of b♣ ?

(1) (b + 1)♣ = –12

(2) (b – 3)♣ = 0

5. Are more than �13

� of the students in a certaingeology class sophomores?

(1) Exactly �12

� the female students aresophomores.

(2) Exactly 25 of the male students aresophomores.

6. The perimeter of a square with side S is equalto the circumference of a circle. In terms of S,what is the area of the circle?

��

��

��

��

��

7. If y is an integer, is y odd?

(1) 4y is an even integer.

(2) 3y is an odd integer.

8. If 25% of a wall is covered by a poster thatmeasures 4 feet by 5 feet, what is the area, insquare feet, of the wall?

�� 20

�� 80

�� 100

�� 320

�� 500

9. At a certain high school, 60 percent of thestudents are female, 30 percent of the femalestudents are juniors, and 20% of the malestudents are juniors. If a student is selected atrandom, what are the odds that the student ismale, and not a junior?

�� �225�

�� �590�

�� �285�

��

�� �180�

10. What is the value of y if y > 0 and 4 – 3y�y – �4y��

= 41 – 4y 2 ?

�� 25

�� 20

�� 12

�� 8

�� 5

11. What is the value of m ?

(1) m = –m

(2) 2m2 = 18

21�50

4S�

π

4S2�

π

4S2�

π2

S2�

π

S4�4π

6

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

12. Is ∆ABC a right triangle?

(1) The degree measure of ∠A is equal to thesum of the degree measures of ∠B and ∠C.

(2) The degree measure of ∠C is 45.

13. The number of organ transplant operationsperformed in Europe increased from 23,000 in1980 to 185,000 in 1990. Which of thefollowing is closest to the percent increase inthe number of organ transplant operations from1980 to 1990 ?

�� 70%

�� 90%

�� 500%

�� 700%

�� 1,000%

14. What is the value of 2a2 + 4a if (x – a)(x – 7) =x2 – 4x – 21 for all x, and a is a constant?

�� 6

�� 8

�� 12

�� 16

�� 30

15. The Financial News Daily has 25 reporterscovering Asia, 20 covering Europe, and 20covering North America. Four reporters coveronly Asia and Europe, 6 reporters cover onlyAsia and North America, and 7 reporters coveronly Europe and Asia. How many reporters coverAsia, Europe, and North America?

(1) The Financial News Daily has 38 reporters intotal covering Asia, Europe, and NorthAmerica.

(2) There are more Financial News Dailyreporters covering only Asia than there areFinancial News Daily reporters covering onlyNorth America.

16. The amount that 6 is greater than 3�12

� is howmany times the amount that 4 is greater than3�

12

� ?

�� 2

�� 3

�� 4

�� 5

�� 6

17. In a maternity ward, each patient is under thecare of 3 different nurses. If there are 10 nurseson staff, how many different combinations ofnurses could care for any single patient?

�� 30

�� 70

�� 120

�� 240

�� 720

18. Is ab < 12 ?

(1) a < 3 and b < 4

(2) a + b = 0

19. If x is an integer and (–4)2x = 46 – x, then what isthe value of x ?

�� 1

�� 2

�� 4

�� 8

�� 16

20. What is the value of b if 2x – 1 is a factor of 2x2 + bx + 3 ?

�� –7

�� –3

�� –1

�� 3

�� 7

7

QUANTITATIVE

21. Water coolers A and B are both right circularcylinders. Both water coolers are completelyfilled with lemonade. The diameter of watercooler A is twice the diameter of water cooler Band the height of water cooler A is twice theheight of water cooler B. If water cooler B holds10 servings of lemonade, how many servings oflemonade does water cooler A hold?

�� 20

�� 40

�� 60

�� 80

�� 100

22. What is the value of b ?

(1) b4 = 16

(2) 73b – 4 = 49

23. What is the value of (y + 1)2 if 3y2 + 10y + 7 + y2

= 5y2 + 17y – y2 – 42 ?

�� 8

�� 16

�� 37

�� 49

�� 64

24. What is the value of m – 3n ?

(1) �m2

� – 8 =

(2) m = 1

25. If x ≠ 0 and xy – 5 = –2x – 5, what is the valueof y ?

�� –5

�� –2

�� 0

�� 1

�� 5

26. How many circles can be drawn on the linesegment above if each circle is subject to therule that the endpoints of one of its diametersmust be any two of the points A, B, C, D, E, F,G, H, J, K, L, and M ?

�� 36

�� 66

�� 72

�� 78

�� 121

27. If s and t are positive, does �s� = ?

(1) st = 4

(2) s and t are even integers.

28. A candy bar that is 12 centimeters long is cutinto two pieces. If one of the pieces is 7centimeters longer than the other, what is thelength, in centimeters, of the shorter piece?

�� 1.5

�� 2.0

�� 2.5

�� 4.0

�� 5.0

29. If a = –1, then –(a20 + a15 + a3) =

�� –2

�� –1

�� 0

�� 1

�� 2

30. What percent of 10 is 0.53 ?

�� 0.0053%

�� 0.053%

�� 0.53%

�� 5.3%

�� 53%

2��t�

A B C D E F G H J K L M

3n�2

8

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

31. A cyclist rides to the top of a hill and thencoasts back down by the same route. The entiretrip takes 4 hours. What is his average(arithmetic mean) speed when climbing the hill?

(1) The cyclist’s average speed over the entiretrip was 6 miles per hour.

(2) The distance to the top of the hill was 12miles, and the cyclist’s average speed onthe downward trip was 18 miles per hour.

32. In 1925, 60% of the 800 households in GaffordCounty relied on agriculture for their primarymeans of income. In 2000, 15% of the 1,300households in Gafford County relied onagriculture for their primary means of income.What was the net change in the number ofhouseholds in Gafford County relying onagriculture for their primary means of incomefrom 1925 to 2000 ?

�� –285

�� –185

�� –10

�� +50

�� +195

33. If ab = 10, what is the value of a2 + b2 ?

(1) a + b = 7

(2) 5a =

34. Is the value of c – a > 0 ?

(1) a + b = 18

(2) b + c = 20

35. If Susan spends 53 seconds folding y napkins,how many seconds will it take her to fold xnapkins at the same rate?

��

��

��

��

��

36. If abc = b3, which of the following must be true?

I. ac = b2

II. b = 0III. ac = 1

�� None

�� I only

�� II only

�� I and III

�� II and III

37. Suka bought 10 identical shirts for a total costof x dollars. Two years later, she sold the shirtsto a thrift shop at 25% of the original cost. Interms of x, for how many dollars did she selleach shirt?

�� 10x –

��

��

�� 2.5x

��x

�40

2.5�

x

25x�

4

1�4

xy�53

53�xy

x�53y

53y�

x

53x�

y

50�b

9

QUANTITATIVE

Verbal

SECTION 2

1. Archaeologist: The latest discovery at the dig siteat Water Creek is a large bone. The boneappears to be the tibia, or shin bone, of ahominid species. Because of the condition of thesoil and extensive contamination, carbon datinghas been able to place the bone’s age within arange of 1.5 and 2 million years. However, thebone shows signs of damage associated with themammoth plague, which ran rampant in this partof the world from 1.9 to 2 million years ago.Thus, we can further pinpoint the age of thebone within a range of one hundred thousandyears.

Which of the following, if true, casts the mostdoubt on the archaeologist’s suggested range ofthe age of the bone?

�� Most other animal fossils uncovered in thearea surrounding the dig site have beenfound by carbon-dating to be more than 2million years old.

�� The mammoth plague killed mammoths andother large animals but not hominids.

�� Ample archaeological evidence exists tosupport the hypothesis that the lastoutbreak of mammoth plague occurred 1.9million years ago.

�� Fossils from the area that are between 1.5and 1.8 million years old provide evidence ofthe mammoth plague.

�� Fossils from the area that are more than 2million years old provide evidence of themammoth plague.

13

VERBAL

Directions for Section Two: This section consists of Sentence Correction questions, Critical Reasoningquestions, and Reading Comprehension questions.

Sentence Correction questions consist of sentences that are either partly or entirely underlined. Below eachsentence are five versions of the underlined portion of the sentence. The first of these, choice (A), duplicatesthe original version. The four other versions revise the underlined portion of the sentence. Read the sentenceand the four revisions carefully, and select the best version. If the original version seems better than therevised versions, select the first choice, (A). If not, choose one of the revised versions. Choose answersaccording to the norms of standard written English for grammar, word choice, and sentence construction. Yourselected answer should express the intended meaning of the original sentence as clearly and precisely aspossible, while avoiding ambiguity, awkwardness, or unnecessarily wordy constructions.

Critical Reasoning questions consist of a set of statements, followed by a question. Analyze the statements,then select the answer choice that is the most appropriate response to the question. No specialized knowledgeof any particular field is required for answering these questions.

Reading Comprehension questions refer to a specified passage. Your choice is to be based on what is statedor implied in the passage, and not on your own knowledge. You may refer to the passage while answering thequestions.

SECTION 2

Time—75 minutes41 Questions

2. Although they have more fat than other snacks,most of the fat in nuts is monounsaturated, thetype that likely lowers cholesterol levels.

�� most of the fat in nuts is monounsaturated,

�� most of the monounsaturated fat in nuts is

�� nuts have mostly monounsaturated fat,

�� nuts have the most monounsaturated fat,

�� they have mostly monounsaturated fat,

3. An oil spill from a tanker not only pollutes fragilebreeding areas for marine life, and alsodamages or destroys plants that are a source ofnutrition for many aquatic animals.

�� and also damages or destroys

�� in addition to damaging or destroying

�� but it also can cause damage or destroy

�� but also damages or destroys

�� but also it is damaging or destroying

4. Planners in City X noticed that many of the treesin the city were dying because of exposure toincreased levels of air and water pollution. Astudy they commissioned revealed thatsycamore trees actually thrive in environmentswith elevated levels of carbon monoxide, themain pollutant emitted by automobiles. In orderto reverse the trend of dying trees, the cityadopted a policy to replace all sick trees withsycamore trees.

Which of the following, if true, would mostweaken the logic employed by the city planners?

�� In the forest, oak trees live an average of 70years while sycamore trees only live for anaverage of 50 years.

�� Automobile manufacturers are developingnewer car models that emit significantlyfewer pollutants.

�� A survey by Urban Forests found that thesycamore is the most common tree inAmerican cities.

�� The city recently installed low exhaust busesfor its public transportation system.

�� Sycamore trees are extremely sensitive tosulfur dioxide, the main component of acidrain.

5. An avid proponent of the back-to-naturemovement, he was intent on living in a remote,uninhabited area where little water or serviceswere available.

�� little water or services were available

�� little water or services had been available

�� there were little available water and fewservices

�� there is little water and services available

�� little water or services is available

14

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

Questions 6 through 9 are based on the followingpassage

With the evolution of terrestrial life about400 million years ago, wind replaced water as theprimary vector by which plants moved male sexcells. Wind pollination has traditionally beenviewed as a reproductive process dominated byrandom events—the vagaries of wind andweather. Pollen loss through happenstance iscompensated for in wind-pollinated plants bypollen-to-ovule ratios that greatly exceed those ofinsect-pollinated species. Unlike the sticky pollengrains of plants pollinated by insects, the pollengrains of wind-pollinated plants are smooth anddry, to avoid clumping and precipitating, and thestigma of the female plant is large and sticky, thebetter to catch any floating pollen grains.Similarly, wind-pollinated plants typically evolvedto grow in stands, such as cornfields, grasslands,or other large, near-monocultural populations.

While wind pollination is usually considereda “primitive” feature by textbooks, recentresearch has, in fact, shown that severalremarkably sophisticated mechanisms fordispersal and capture are characteristic of wind-pollinated plants. Pollen release is often tied tothe recognition of unambiguous environmentalclues; thus, many plants will not release pollenwhen wind speeds are low or while humidconditions exist, which might cause pollen grainsto clump and fall. The devices that operate toprevent self-pollination are also at timesextremely intricate.

Recent findings have revealed anotherintricacy that compensates for wind pollination’sinefficiency—the physics of pollen motion. Therate at which pollen settles is dictated principallyby the size and density of the grain. The slower thesettlement rate, the greater the dispersal range.Numerous species reduce the density of pollengrains with air cavities in their walls. There is alimit, however, to the lower range of pollen size.

6. According to the author, pollen grains that wouldhave the greatest dispersal range would havewhich of the following characteristics?

I. Small sizeII. DrynessIII. Low-density

�� I only

�� II only

�� I and II only

�� I and III only

�� I, II, and III

7. If rainfall levels in a particular growing seasonwere abnormally high, it is most reasonable toconclude, based on the passage, that the

�� amount of pollen released by wind-pollinatedspecies would be less than normal becauseof sophisticated mechanisms tied toenvironmental clues

�� amount of pollen released by wind-pollinatedspecies would be greater than normal tocompensate for the greater resulting pollenloss

�� pollen-to-ovule ratios of wind-pollinatedspecies would be unaffected by the changein weather

�� amount of seed produced and released bywind-pollinated species would be greaterthan normal

�� amount of pollination carried by insectpollinators would remain unchanged

8. According to the passage, all the followingmechanisms serve to reduce pollen loss in wind-pollinated plants EXCEPT:

�� development of a large specially shapedstigma

�� retention of pollen within the male organwhen weather conditions are not conduciveto dispersal

�� growth of plants in large populations withfew species

�� development of intricate mechanisms toprevent self-pollination

�� efficient design of the airborne pollen grain

15

VERBAL

(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

(25)

(30)

(35)

(40)

9. The author’s attitude towards textbooks thatdescribe wind pollination as “primitive” is bestdescribed as one of

�� reasoned rejection

�� tempered uncertainty

�� vehement disagreement

�� mild displeasure

�� complete support

10. William Wordsworth wrote that poetry should bewritten in a state of tranquility, not in a state ofhigh emotion, because it could cloud the poet’sjudgment.

�� because it could cloud the poet’s judgment

�� because emotion could cloud the poet’sjudgment

�� because the poet’s judgment could beclouded by it

�� could cloud the poet’s judgment

�� could cloud the judgment of the poet

11. Louis Armstrong, considered by many to be theworld’s greatest jazz musician, began his careerin New Orleans, moved to Chicago to play withhis mentor Joe “King” Oliver and record his firstalbum, eventually traveling the world playing hisunique sounds of big band and Dixieland-swing.

�� eventually traveling

�� to eventually travel

�� and traveling eventually

�� and eventually traveled

�� and eventually traveling

12 In an effort to reduce their overstock, manyfashion designers have cut prices; their clotheshave been priced to sell, and they are.

�� have been priced to sell, and they are

�� are priced to sell, and they have

�� are priced to sell, and they do

�� are being priced to sell, and have

�� had been priced to sell, and they have

13. Pundit: Current city council policy mandates thatcontracts for road repairs be awarded toconstruction companies based on how quicklythe companies have completed work in the past.This policy is in stark contrast with the statedgoals of both the mayor and the council. Theystate that their goal is to attempt to maintain ahigh level of quality for the roads in our city, butin fact the current policy rewards constructionfirms for doing rushed and shoddy work.

Which of the following statements, if true, wouldhelp to validate the current city council policymentioned above?

�� Cities with the same policy have theshortest road repair times in the state, butthe condition of streets in these cities israted among the state’s worst.

�� The construction firms that receive thefewest contracts with the city are also theones that take the longest to repair citystreets.

�� The city usually hires construction firms torepair potholes, but not for restructuringlanes or general resurfacing.

�� The city imposes strict regulations on roadquality, and thus does not consider a cityroad repair complete unless it can meetcertain minimum standards.

�� A current city council proposal would, ifapproved, award contracts to constructionfirms based on the quality of their work, nottheir speed.

16

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

14. Last year, 1,200 Smithtown residents who workin hospitals and doctors’ offices contracted theflu, and 1,100 Smithtown residents who are notemployed in medical facilities contracted the flu.On the basis of these numbers, it is safe toconclude that the likelihood of contracting the fluwas not much different for those who wereemployed in medical facilities than it was forthose who were not.

Which of the following would reveal most clearlythe irrationality of the conclusion above?

�� Counting cases of the flu among homehealth care workers as well as cases amongworkers at medical facilities

�� Expressing the difference between thenumbers of flu cases among medical facilityworkers and others as a percentage of thetotal number of flu cases

�� Counting flu cases contracted by medicalfacility workers while at work separately fromthose contracted by medical facility workerswhile not at work

�� Comparing flu cases per hundred membersof each group, rather than comparing totalnumbers of flu cases in each group

�� Comparing flu cases contracted in medicalfacilities by people who do not work in thosefacilities to flu cases contracted in medicalfacilities by people who do work in them

15. Most chefs insist on using milk when making anomelet. Adding milk to the eggs increases theomelet’s density. What they are overlooking,however, is that omelets made without milk arenoticeably fluffier than those made with milk. Tomake a good omelet, chefs should not includemilk in their recipe.

Which of the following statements is anassumption made by the author?

�� Most chefs have well-developed palates, sothey know what qualities define a goodomelet.

�� If chefs were to cease using milk in omeletpreparation, they will simply find a newingredient to use in place of milk.

�� It is more important for an omelet to befluffy than for it to have high density.

�� If a chef were to use an excessive amountof milk in an omelet, then the end resultwould be so dense as to be completelyunpalatable.

�� Many notable chefs have always used milkwhen making omelets and refuse to change.

16. Because many products claim that it is “newand improved” and that they have “betterflavor,” they are often the same products simplyin new packaging.

�� Because many products claim that it is

�� Because many products claim that they are

�� Although many products claim that it is

�� Although many products claim that they are

�� Although many products claim they are

17

VERBAL

17. Egyptian archaeologists have discovered anancient burial site that they believe will yieldimportant artifacts.

�� that they believe will

�� that they believe it to

�� that is believed to

�� they believe is to

�� they believe it will

18. Over the last ten years, the Office of the Provosthas studied the courses selected by freshmanat State University. Without exception, andwithout regard to major, the students whoenrolled in organic chemistry during theirfreshman year graduated with a higher overallgrade point average than did the students whodid not take organic chemistry during theirfreshman year. Thus, organic chemistry shouldbe mandatory for freshmen since it clearlypromotes academic success.

Which of the following, if true, casts the mostdoubt on the conclusion above?

�� Most State University students who tookorganic chemistry in their freshman year didnot earn a high grade in that class.

�� Currently, in order to enroll in organicchemistry as freshmen, students must passa rigorous series of prerequisite exams.

�� The average grade point average ofgraduates of State University has risensteadily over the past ten years.

�� Many State University graduates who tookorganic chemistry in their freshman year didnot graduate in the top 20 percent of theclass.

�� Most State University graduates whograduated in the top 20 percent of the classtook at least one chemistry every yearduring college.

Questions 19 through 23 are based on thefollowing passage

Gender-based trends in labor are linked tothe ever-changing concept of what constituteswork appropriate to women as distinct from thatof men. This concept underwent a significantchange during the evolution from the Colonial era,in which most families farmed or ran smallcottage industries in their homes, to the era ofthe Industrial Revolution, when a large segmentof the population labored in mills and factories.Though the society of both eras was patriarchal,the pre-industrial women colonists enjoyed adegree of economic egalitarianism that would allbut disappear with industrialization.

Work was considered a civic duty forwomen in the Colonial era, integral to the family’seconomic survival, and wasn’t confined to thehome: many women were also shopkeepers,midwives, and even blacksmiths. But whileColonial women had the satisfaction ofcontributing to the family’s economic well being,the society of the Industrial Revolution, on thewhole, appreciated neither women’s presence innor their contributions to the labor force. Instead,in the America of the Industrial Revolution, menand women occupied different social and physicalspaces. This distance developed into the Doctrineof the Two Spheres—men lived in the realm ofpublic visibility and economic opportunity, whilewomen managed private, domesticresponsibilities. As the divide between the twospheres widened, women felt further demoted inan already patriarchal society.

Mainstream society of the time endorsedanother disempowering phenomenon known asthe Cult of True Womanhood. Women’s roles wereboth idealized and restricted; women were held tothe highest standards of piety, purity, domesticity,and submissiveness. The moral authority given towomen was nominal in comparison to the actualauthority that their husbands possessed. Men feltthe pressure and anxiety created by the Cult ofTrue Womanhood as well. Many men could notsuccessfully maintain the position of solebreadwinner. Some over-performed the providerrole at the expense of emotional intimacy withtheir wives and children; others refused theburden and abandoned their families. Caughtbetween these two extremes were the everydaymale workers who tried their best to maintainsocial status and strong familiar ties—dual goalsthat were often unattainable.

18

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

(25)

(30)

(35)

(40)

(45)

(50)

19. According to the passage, the Doctrine of theTwo Spheres describes which of the followingsocietal situations?

�� Men and women shared responsibility forthe economic upkeep of the family.

�� Women were afforded a moral authority thathad no practical application.

�� Gender roles became less defined than theyhad been in the Colonial era.

�� Men were afforded the option of workingoutside or inside the home.

�� Society became more patriarchal, as womenwere prevented from contributingeconomically to the upkeep of the family.

20. Which of the following general theories is bestsupported by the passage?

�� A sharp economic downturn at the end ofthe Colonial era prompted a move towardthe gender-segregated labor system of theIndustrial Revolution.

�� The Colonial era in America wascharacterized by a social egalitarianism thatdisappeared with the advent of the IndustrialRevolution.

�� The Industrial Revolution, while known as atime of great progress in American history,caused significant socioeconomic strain formen and women alike.

�� The beginning of the women’s movement inthe early twentieth century was a backlashagainst the Cult of True Womanhood createdduring the Industrial Revolution.

�� Single-parent families became sociallyacceptable during the Industrial Revolution,as men abandoned their families under thepressure of being the sole breadwinner.

21. Which of the following situations would theauthor most likely consider to be an example ofadherence to the Cult of True Womanhood?

�� A woman works in a garment factory all dayand then returns home to clean the house,bathe the children, and cook dinner for thefamily.

�� A woman sacrifices the financial advantagesof taking a job in a factory so that she cantend to the children and participate inchurch activities.

�� A woman opens a tailoring service in herhome so that she can contribute to thefamily’s income without having to workoutside the house.

�� A woman’s husband becomes overwhelmedwith the pressure of providing for his wifeand children and eventually abandons thefamily.

�� A woman opens a child-care center, so thatother women can work in factories andcontribute to the economic upkeep of theirfamilies.

22. Which of the following best describes theorganization of the passage?

�� A paradox is stated, discussed, and finallyresolved.

�� Two opposing viewpoints are expressed anddebated, with no resolution proffered.

�� A generalization is stated and then followedup by two points that support thegeneralization and one point thatcontradicts it.

�� A thesis is stated in the first paragraph andsupported by subsequent paragraphs.

�� An argument is stated and then refuted bypointing out the flaw in the assumption ofthe original argument.

19

VERBAL

23. The last paragraph performs which of thefollowing functions in the passage?

�� It describes a social phenomenon thatcontrasts with a previously mentionedsocietal norm.

�� It offers an explanation for an observedchange in gender perception.

�� It provides foreshadowing of a developmentthat will be observed in the future.

�� It refutes the dominant trend discussed inthe preceding paragraph.

�� It introduces a social trend that serves toundermine the author’s thesis.

24. Point 1: The proportion of stores that shoppersenter in one visit to the Bedford Falls Megamallhas decreased on average since last year.

Point 2: The average time spent by shoppers pervisit to the Bedford Falls Megamall is now aboutone hour.

Point 2 would be most likely to contribute to anexplanation of Point 1 if which of the followingstatements were also true?

�� The average shopper currently visits fewerthan half of the stores in the Bedford FallsMegamall.

�� Many shoppers spent seventy-five minutes inthe Bedford Falls Megamall last year.

�� Recent construction has reduced the overallsize of the Bedford Falls Megamall.

�� The number of malls in Bedford Falls isincreasing, and the average shopper visitsmore malls this year than he or she did lastyear.

�� The number of stores in the Bedford FallsMegamall has increased since last year, andthe average shopper spent about one hourin the mall last year.

25. The officials in Town X have suggested that theproceeds from the recent benefit concert beused to repave the streets in the downtownarea. When this decision is voted upon in thefall, a majority of the town’s citizens is expectedto approve this allocation of funds. After all,according to a recent survey, most citizens arein favor of improvements that will benefit localmerchants.

Which of the following choices is NOT anassumption that is being made by the author?

�� Well-paved streets near local merchantsbenefit their businesses.

�� The citizens do not feel that the money isbetter spent on other town improvements.

�� Local merchants have stores in thedowntown area.

�� Streets in highly traveled areas need to berepaved periodically.

�� The people recently surveyed accuratelyrepresent the opinions of those who willvote on the repaving decision.

26. Compared with the 1906 earthquake, the 1989San Francisco earthquake was smaller inmagnitude but did more structural damage.

�� Compared with

�� In comparison with

�� Compared to

�� As compared to

�� Comparing

20

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

27. In order to reduce drug use on campus, StateUniversity X has decided to admit only thoseapplicants who could pass a drug test. However,one board member concluded that such a policywould be unfortunate, since it would preventstudents who failed the drug test from pursuinga degree in theater from the state’s publicuniversities.

The board member’s conclusion logicallydepends on which of the following assumptions?

�� Universities should not discriminate on thebasis of drug use.

�� Mandatory drug testing would violate theprivacy rights of potential applicants.

�� Applicants who had not used drugs prior tomatriculation at the university could startexperimenting with drugs after havingenrolled.

�� State University X is the only publicuniversity in the state from which it ispossible to obtain a degree in theater.

�� State University X has the best theaterdepartment of any university in the state.

28. Every year, the human resources department ofCompany Z offers new employees a healthinsurance open house. Company Z invites tenproviders to set up tables in the conferenceroom and distribute information to employees,as well as enroll new participants. If the newemployees enroll in plans that day, Company Zpays 100% of the premium. Healthpro, one ofthe smaller providers, is hoping to enroll manyof the new employees. To that end, Healthprohas informed current employees who haveHealthpro insurance that free mini-physicals andcholesterol screenings will be available at theopen house.

Which of the following, if true, most stronglysupports the plan to offer free physicals andscreening as a way for Healthpro to enroll newemployees?

�� Most people find health insurance policiesconfusing and rely on word of mouth fromfellow employees to make decisions aboutproviders.

�� For the past three years, Healthstart, thelargest health insurance company in thestate, has enrolled the largest number ofnew employees.

�� Healthpro is not the only insurance providerto offer free physicals and screenings toparticipants.

�� If employees do not enroll in healthinsurance plans at the open house,Company Z will reimburse a portion of thepremium paid by the employee.

�� Employees at Company Z, along with twoother large corporations, make up almostninety percent of Healthpro’s participants.

21

VERBAL

Questions 29 through 32 are based on thefollowing passage

Animal intelligence is a hotly debated topicin the biological sciences, and recent fieldstudies of ravens indicate that these birds may beaware of their actions in a way that suggests ahigh-level of cognition that could be interpreted asintelligence. The common raven is a member ofthe Corvidae family, which includes nutcrackers,jays, crows, and magpies. Corvids have beenobserved using tools to gather food. For example,jays place acorns on branches, which they use asanvils, and crows have been observed usingsticks to pry food out of cracks. While scientistsdisagree about whether or not the use of tools isan unambiguous example of animal intelligence,most concede that such use demonstrates atleast a capacity for problem solving. And even if acognitive capacity were found to exist, questionswould still remain about the extent to which thiscapacity reflects intelligence.

In hundreds of hours of field observations,biologist Bernd Heinrich recorded numerousraven behaviors that he did not consider to beexamples of a simple, stimulus-responsemechanism. Instead, Heinrich concluded thatsome of these behaviors demonstrated a level ofintelligent action. Two examples of feedingbehavior illustrate Heinrich’s findings: ravens,which are omnivores, eat mainly carrion andassociate with animals that kill large game, andravens cache excess food from a kill site for laterretrieval. Heinrich observed ravens sharing foodat a moose kill and making loud vocalizations thatalerted other ravens to the find. Did the ravensdraw attention to the find because they wereaware that there was something to be gainedfrom sharing? In Heinrich’s view, ravenscooperate in gathering food because theyrecognize that alerting other ravens to carcassesbenefits each individual in times of scarcity.According to his theory, ravens are better able toutilize scarce resources by taking advantage of allfood sources, which gives them a competitiveedge. Heinrich also observed ravens pulling meatoff a carcass and stacking the meat in a pile. Theravens then carried the entire stack in their bills,thus increasing the amount of food carried to thecache site. Heinrich considered the raven’sactions to demonstrate a rudimentaryunderstanding of the concept of efficiency.Regardless of any scientific conclusions drawnfrom these behaviors, ravens offer manyopportunities to observe a complex animal mind.

29. The author is primarily concerned with

�� demonstrating how animals learn behaviorsin a controlled environment

�� refuting claims that observations of ravenbehaviors demonstrate cognition

�� discussing tool use in different bird species

�� providing examples of raven behaviors thatmay demonstrate intelligence

�� questioning the importance of fieldwork inthe biological sciences

30. The author of the passage would be most likelyto agree with which of the following statements?

�� The feeding behavior of ravens can best beexplained as a stimulus-responsemechanism.

�� Observations of ravens in their naturalenvironment raise interesting questionsabout their intelligence.

�� While caution should be used wheninterpreting field observations, ravenbehavior suggests that these birds do notdemonstrate cognition.

�� Ravens are the only corvids to be observedundertaking activities that suggest thecapacity to solve problems.

�� Biologists are firmly convinced of the lack ofintelligent activity in the animal kingdom.

31. The author cites examples of the use of tools bycrows and jays to provide support for which ofthe following claims?

�� Tool use is not an example of animalintelligence.

�� Sophisticated behavior has been observedin close relatives of the raven.

�� Tool use demonstrates a stimulus-responsemechanism.

�� Crows call to each other to signal theavailability of food.

�� Tool use, while observed in crows and jays,has never been observed in ravens.

22

GMAT PRACTICE TEST

(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

(25)

(30)

(35)

(40)

(45)

(50)

32. Which of the following statements about theevidence of intelligence in raven behavior is bestsupported by the information presented in thepassage?

�� Raven intelligence is no longer a subject ofdebate.

�� Raven feeding behavior provides evidence ofintelligence on par with human beings.

�� Field observations are important in the fieldof animal cognition.

�� Tool use by birds is an unambiguousexample of intelligent behavior.

�� Ravens only call each other to a kill sitewhen food resources are plentiful.

33. Compared to southern New England’s moredeveloped beaches, Maine feels like they havenot dramatically changed in the past fewcenturies.

�� Maine feels like they have

�� Maine’s feel like they have

�� Maine beaches feels like it has

�� the beaches of Maine have

�� Maine feels as if it has

34. Although there are many computer chipmanufacturers in Country X, the overwhelmingmajority of computer manufacturers in Country Xuse imported chips made in Country Y. This isbecause the cost of producing a computer chipin Country Y is ten percent less than the cost ofproducing a computer chip in Country X.

The statements above, if true, best supportwhich of the following assertions?

�� The majority of computers sold in Country Xare manufactured in Country Y.

�� The tariff imposed on chips imported fromCountry Y to Country X is less than tenpercent of the cost of producing chips inCountry X.

�� The tariff imposed on imports from CountryY to Country X is lower than tariffs onimports from any other country.

�� The cost of labor in Country X is ten percentless than the cost of labor in Country Y.

�� The cost of labor in Country X is ten percentmore than the cost of labor in Country Y.

35. Critics accuse the Redwood School District ofnot spending enough money per student.However, this is clearly not the case as recordsshow that the Redwood School District hasdouble the annual budget of the neighboringTilden School District.

Which of the following would most stronglyweaken the argument above?

�� The Tilden School District covers thestudents from 3 towns while the RedwoodSchool District only covers the students from2 towns.

�� The Tilden School District recently installednew computer labs in several of its schools.

�� The Redwood School District pays itsteachers a higher annual salary than LiveOak School District.

�� The Redwood School District has threetimes more students than the Tilden SchoolDistrict.

�� Studies show that the amount spent perstudent is directly related to studentachievement.

36. New well-designed models of American-madefamily cars show promise of reaching high salesgoals without the costly requirements of rebatesand discounts by the previous models.

�� requirements of rebates and discounts bythe previous models

�� previous models’requirements of rebatesand discounts

�� requirements for rebates and discounts ofthe previous models

�� rebates and discounts that were required bythe previous models

�� discounts and rebates that was required bythe previous models

23

VERBAL

37. The recent construction of a chemical plant onthe shores of Lake Blue has introduced a newpollutant into the water: toxidil. Toxidil first worksits way into the ecosystem through underwaterplant life. These plants absorb the pollutant,which is then transmitted to the local fishpopulation when they ingest the plants. Taintedfish appear healthy, but their meat causesserious health problems when consumed byhumans. The health of the human populationliving in the vicinity of Lake Blue will undoubtedlysuffer due to the new chemical plant.

Which of the following is an assumption madeby the author?

�� Other pollutants in Lake Blue are notdetrimental to human health.

�� The people who reside near Lake Blueconsume fish from the lake.

�� The first reported incidences of fish taintedwith toxidil occurred in Lake Blue.

�� Currently, the only source of toxidil in theworld is the chemical plant at Lake Blue.

�� Many other towns have banned chemicalprocesses that produce toxidil in the lastfew years.

38. A ten-year comparison between Brazilian andCanadian crops showed that Brazilian yields are68% of Canadian yields when compared on thebasis of per planted acre. However, Brazilianyields are 115% of Canadian yields whencompared on the basis of total agriculturalacreage.

Based on this information, which of the followingcan most reliably be inferred about Brazilian andCanadian agriculture over this time period?

�� A greater percentage of Canadianagricultural acreage was unplanted than ofBrazilian agricultural acreage.

�� A majority of Canadian acreage is unplanted.

�� More total acres were unplanted in Canadathan in Brazil.

�� Brazil had more acres planted thanunplanted while Canada has more acresunplanted than planted.

�� Brazil produced more total crop thanCanada.

39. According to a study by a prominent think tank,the defense budget of Country X might, in fiveyears time, fund more than 70 billion dollarsannually for research and development,equivalent to private grants.

�� equivalent to private grants

�� equivalent to that which is provided byprivate grants

�� equal to what private grants provide

�� as much as private grants

�� as much as private grants provide

40. Each year, a large number of participantscompletes bike, running, and walking events toraise money for charity.

�� completes bike, running, and walking

�� completes biking, running, and walking

�� complete biking, running, and walking

�� complete bike, running, and walking

�� complete biking, run, and walk

41. After performing poorly on multiple tests andreceiving a failing grade in a particular course, astudent appealed the grade to a university’sOffice of Academic Affairs. The student claimedthat the tests did not cover subject mattershighlighted in the class lectures.

Which of the following would be the most usefulin determining the validity of the student’sclaim?

�� Compare the student’s test scores withthose of other students in the class.

�� Compare the material covered in theprofessor’s lecture notes to the materialcovered on the test.

�� Compare the student’s individual answers tothose of a student who received high gradeson the tests.

�� Determine whether it is university policy toonly test subject material highlighted incourse lectures.

�� Compare the student’s class notes with thematerial covered on the test.

24

GMAT PRACTICE TEST