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DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (DLC)
Dr. SYED AFTAB OMARAlMaarefa College
HMIM BLOCK 224
Objectives
• Describe the morphological characteristics of each white blood cell.
• Identify the different blood cells in the blood smear.
• Differentiate between neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
• Describe the functions of each WBCs.• List the conditions in which their count
increases and decreases.
Apparatus & materials
Microscope
Glass slides
Lancet
Alcohol swab
Leishman’s stain
Distilled water
Smear Preparation
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Types of White Blood Cells• White blood cells:• Are leukocytes
•There are five types of WBCs in two categories:• Granulocytes
• Neutrophils• Eosinophils• Basophils
• Agranulocytes• Lymphocytes• Monocytes
Blood smear under microscope
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Neutrophils•Size – 10-14 µm. •Multilobed nucleus•Light purple (neutral) granules •Other names is Polymorphonuclear leukocyte• Phagocytic in function• Normal range = 50% - 70%• Elevated in acute bacterial
infections
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Eosinophils• Size – 10-15 µm•Coarse red color granules •Bi-lobed nucleus• Defend against parasitic worm infestations• Normal range 1% - 6%• Elevated in parasitic worm infections and allergic reactions
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Basophils•Size – 10 – 15 µm •Bilobed nucleus•Deep blue granules covering the whole nucleus• Release histamine • Release heparin • Normal range- Less than 1%
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Monocytes• Largest of all blood cells•Size – 12 – 20 µm •Spherical, kidney-shaped, oval or lobed nuclei•No visible granules• May leave bloodstream to become macrophages• Normal range - 2% - 10% • Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris•Increase count – in chronic infections eg. Tuberculosis
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Lymphocytes•Size – 7-9 or 10-15 µm •Slightly larger than RBC• Large spherical nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm•No visible granules •Normal range -20% - 40% •T cells and B cells
• Both important in immunity
• B cells produce antibodies•T cells involved in cell mediated immunity
• Increased count is seen in viral infections, chronic infections
Counting directions
Counting 100 cellsN N M N N N N E L N
N N N L N N Neutrophil = %
Eosinophil = %
Basophil= %
lymphocyte = %
Monocyte = %
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WBC count decreases in bone marrow suppression due malignancy, radiation, chemotherapy or any genetic disorder