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Federal AviationAdministrationThe Commercial

Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)

Presented to: Aviation Alternative Fuels Side EventBonn, Germany

By: Dr. Lourdes MauriceActing Director and Chief Scientist,FAA Office of Environment and Energy Environment Lead, CAAFI

Date: June 3, 2009

Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative2Federal Aviation

AdministrationJune 3, 2009

• Aviation impacts community noise footprints, air quality, water quality, energy usage and availability, and the global climate.

• Trends show environmental impacts from aircraft noise and aviation emissions will be a critical constraint on capacity growth.

• Fundamental changes ongoing from economic downturn, fuel costs, and financial turmoil.

The challenge is to ensure energy availability and affordability and reducing aviation’s environmental footprint, even with projected aviation growth

NOISENOISE AIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY ENERGYENERGY GLOBAL CLIMATEGLOBAL CLIMATE

Aviation Environmental Drivers



U.S. Experience: Aviation Emissions Performance

Source: BTS

U.S. commercial aviation outpaces other modes in energy efficiency improvements…

…while absolutely reducing its carbon footprint since 2000.

0.0000

0.2000

0.4000

0.6000

0.8000

1.0000

1.200019

85

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Year

Inde

x (1

985

= 1.

0)

Passenger Highw ay

Buses

Passenger Rail

Passenger Air

Freight Trucks

Source: DOE

16500

17000

17500

18000

18500

19000

19500

20000

20500

21000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Mill

ions

of G

allo

ns

US Commercial Aviation Fuel Consumption



The Challenge - U.S. Aviation Fuel Use Scenarios

Source: FAA Preliminary Analysis



NextGen VisionProvide environmental protection that allows sustained aviation growth

Key Initiatives:

• Continued Local Mitigation• Better Scientific Understanding• Accelerate Operational Changes• Mature New Aircraft Technology• Develop Alternative Fuels• Policy Options

Measures to Tackle the Challenge



• A consortium of government agencies, airlines, manufacturers, airports, and current and prospective fuel suppliers

• Foster the development and deployment of alternative jet fuels

• Share Information and Coordinate research and development of alternative jet fuels, including technical specifications, environmental assessment, production and distribution.

• To enhance energy security, aviation economics and environment

The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative



Members

Sponsors

FAA

ATA

AIA ACI

Aerospace Industries Association

Aircraft Engine OEMs

Aircraft OEMs

Aircraft Equip Cos

DOCDOEUSDA

USAF

USNDARPA

US Army

DESC

NISTNASA Oil

Companies

Energy Companies

ASTMCRC

Bio-Fuels Companies

Airports Council International – North America

Federal Aviation Administration

Air Transport Association

UK MoD

Bauhaus

NRC Canada

ANP Brazil

UniversitiesThink Tanks

Consultants

Who is CAAFI?

Airlines

ALPA

Air Cargo

Airport Operators

NetJetsIATA

ICAO



Assess Impact

R&D Panel

Environmental PanelCertification-Qualification Panel

Generate Ideas/Solutions

Enable Supply

Generate Demand &

Target Funding

Business & Economics Panel

CAAFI Structure and Strategy



CQ: CAAFI Targeted* Certification Timing FUEL TYPE- 50% FT generic blends including biomass/ coal / gas

- 50% HRJ Blend- 100% FT generic including biomass

- 100% HRJ

- Other Biofuel processes

YEAR

• 2009

• 2010

• 2013

STATUS- ASTM vote targeted for June ‘09- Rapid Adjudication process with producers/ OEM’s / USAF- Working with ASTM, FAA and engine/aircraft OEMS-Supporting low sulfur cost/benefit starting 4/08 - DARPA program complete. Fuels available for FFP tests - DARPA Algae program underway.

* Generic Targets based upon outcomes to date anticipated fuel availability for tests



R&D: Feedstocks Roadmap



• Successful ANZ Flight Demo Date: December 30 2008

Feedstock: Jatropha oil

Feedstock: Jatropha and algal oil

• Successful CO Flight Demo Date: Jan. 7 2009

Feedstock: Camelina, Jatropha and algal oil

• Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009

R&D: Three Successful HRJ Biojet Flight Programs* Graphics Courtesy J. Holmgren, UOP



y = 66.634x - 82.189R2 = 0.9342

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Engine Power Condition (%)

Perc

ent c

hang

e in

EIn

wrt

ba

selin

e JE

T A

1Results showing observed reductions in primary PM in a CFM56-7B engine burning a mixture of 50% F-T fuel and 50% Jet A-1 (PARTNER Center of Excellence)

Environment: Particulate Matter Emission Gains Measured



Need to determine “well-to-wake” life-cycle emissions

Environment: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

Bio feedstock

Fossil feedstock



Environment: Quantifying LCA Uncertainties

Chart courtesy of J. Hileman, MIT

http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/resources/downloads/partner_logo.jpg



Environment: Biomass Needs for 2050 Carbon Neutrality

Chart courtesy of J. Hileman, MIT



Airlines & Operators

Alt Fuel Producers

Potential Funding Sources

A2BE Carbon CaptureAdv Bio-Energy Tech’sAgromass BiofuelsAir BPAmyris BiotechBaard EnergyChevronConocoPhillips

Neste OilSASOLShellSolazymeSolArcPetroSASyntroleumUOP

ATAALPAAlaskaAmericanContinentalDeltaFedExAirbusBoeing

JetBlueNetJetsNorthwestSouthwestStar AllianceUnitedUS AirwaysUPS

Morgan StanleyOPIS (Oil Pricing)Solarc (Taxes)

Colonial Pipeline Magellan PipelineKinder Morgan

AirbusBoeingGEPW

Business: Facilitating a Future Market



2005 2015 2025

1.00

(Relative CO2 increase)

growth w/ currently available solutions

carbon neutral growth w/ alternate fuels

w/ technology improvements

w/ operational improvements1.50

Market-based measures?

Possible standards?

U.S. Strategy to Reduce Aviation’s Carbon Footprint



• Aviation dependent on hydrocarbon based liquid fuels

• Concentrated Airport Distribution allows rapid deployment (80% of fuel in 35 locations in U.S.)

• Timely Fuel Certification crucial for market• Establishing GHG LCA crucial for decisions (policy and

investment)• Alternative fuels are technically feasible but need to get

to deployment• CAAFI helping to bring these pieces together• ICAO key to global harmonization

Closing Thoughts

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