[ppt]chapter 9 - richmond county school system / · web viewcrusaders attack the christian...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9
The High Middle Ages
1050-1450
![Page 2: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Royal PowerKings were heads of society
Had limited power–relied on vassals for military support
Church & nobles had just as much powerEach collected their own taxesEach had own courtsEach had own army
![Page 3: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Kings centralize power Royal courts Government bureaucracy – hired middle-class
workers Taxes – merchants paid for protection Built armies – used tax money to hire
mercenaries Strengthened ties to middle class
Protected roads Reduced tolls Freed them from feudal obligations
![Page 4: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Royal power in EnglandEdward the Confessor – died without an
heirHarold of Wessex & William, Duke of
Normandy claimed the crown
![Page 5: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1066: The Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror
![Page 6: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
William the ConquerorGrants land to Church & Norman lords
Kept large amount for himself All vassals had to swear allegiance to
William
![Page 7: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Domesday BookA complete census – listed everything of
value in England
![Page 8: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Other Kings of EnglandHenry I – created the Royal Exchequer
Replaced nobles with paid officialsNobles pay taxes with money not military
service
![Page 9: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other Kings of EnglandHenry II- one of England’s great kings
Made royal law the law of the landCreated royal judges – circuit court systemDecisions became English Common LawThe law the same for everyoneCreated the grand jury system & trial jury
![Page 10: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Thomas BecketArchbishop of CanterburyHenry II wanted to try clergy in royal courts1170 Becket murdered Created power struggle between
monarchs of England & church
![Page 11: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
King John
Very greedy, cruel, untrustworthy, & incompetent warrior
Loses most of England’s land in France to Philip II Becomes known as John Softsword
Dispute with Pope Innocent III - John excommunicated Forced England to become a papal fief – pay annual
fee to pope
![Page 12: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Magna Carta – Great Charter 1215 John forced to sign by group of nobles
Limited king’s power No imprisonment without judge by peers Right to face accuser King must obey laws No taxation without consent
Become the basis for the U.S. Constitution
![Page 13: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Great CouncilBy 1200s evolves into Parliament1295 – Edward I summons Parliament –
wanted money for wars in FranceModel Parliament – sets up frame work
for English legislatureHouse of LordsHouse of Commons“Power of the Purse” England now a limited monarchy
![Page 14: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FranceEarly French kings – very little power987- Hugh Capet – Count of Paris – start
of absolute monarchy in France Capetians ruled for next 300 years
Slowly Capet & his heirs increased powerWon support of ChurchPlayed nobles against each otherBuilt effective bureaucracyGained support of middle class
![Page 15: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Philip II – Philip AugustusPaid government workers – all middle
classCreated new national taxesOrganized standing armyUsed trickery, war and diplomacy to
increased lands
![Page 16: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Louis IXDeclared a saint by Catholic ChurchA model monarch
Noble, Generous, Devoted to justicePersecuted heretics and JewsFought against MuslimsEnded serfdomExpanded royal courts
![Page 17: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Philip IV Clashed with Pope Boniface VIII over taxing of
the clergy in France Sent troops to capture the pope
Pope escaped but was badly beaten and died shortly Gained support of the people through the
Estates General Persecuted the Order of the Knights Templar –
April 13, 1307 – Friday the 13th
![Page 18: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Babylonian Captivity A 67 year period when the pope lived in Avignon, France
Philip IV got College of Cardinals to elect a French archbishop popeNew pope called Clement VMoved the papacy to Avignon,
FrancePopes became viewed as pawns of
French kings
![Page 19: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Holy Roman Empire 936 – Otto I took the title of king of
Germany Close to Church – appointed
bishops & abbots to high government jobs
Gained the right of lay investiture Defeated the Magyars – Battle of
Lechfield Pope crowned him Emperor of the
Romans
![Page 20: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor could have been
strongest monarchy in EuropeClaimed authority over most of central &
eastern Europe, parts of Italy & FranceElected monarch not hereditary
Control really in the hands of the emperor’s vassals Emperor needed to control nobles
![Page 21: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Holy Roman EmpireEmperors thought they were protectors of
Italy & popeConstantly interfering in Italian affairs
Wanted to control rich cities of northern ItalyResults: conflict between emperors and
popes over lay investiture – appointing of church officials by a lay person
![Page 23: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Holy Roman EmpireGregory VII – 1073 – issue erupted
Wanted the Church to be independent of secular rulers
Said only the pope could appoint & install bishops
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV refused to agree
1076 Pope excommunicates Henry IVHenry IV forced to beg forgiveness
![Page 24: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Holy Roman Empire1122- issue settled with the Concordat of
Worms Church sole power to elect & invest bishopsEmperor had the right to invest them with their
fief
![Page 25: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Holy Roman EmpireFrederick I – Frederick Barbarossa tried
& failed to gain control of ItalyDefeated by the Lombard League
![Page 26: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Holy Roman EmpireFrederick II – also tried to control ItalySpent most of his time in ItalyResult: nobles within Holy Roman Empire
grew independent & Germany will remain fragmented (united in mid 1800s)
![Page 27: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Catholic ChurchPope Innocent III – Pope in 1198
Claimed supremacy over all rulersClashed with all the powerful rulers of his day
With help of Philip II of France launched a crusade against the Albigensians of southern France – tens of thousands killed
After his death the power of the popes starts to decline
![Page 28: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Crusades Byzantine Emperor – Alexius I
asked pope Urban II for help Seljuk Turks – new converts to
Islam had invaded Constantinople and the Holy Land
1095 – Council of Clermont - Called for Christian knights to reclaim Holy Land
![Page 29: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The CrusadesReason to join Crusades:
Religious zealLure of land & wealthAdventure/escape from troubles at homeThose who fought & died received salvationChurch protected family & property while
awayDebtors had debts forgiven & criminals
relieved of punishment
![Page 30: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The CrusadesPope Urban II reasons:
Thought it would increase church power & prestige
Unite the 2 branches of the Christian churchReduce feudal warfare in EuropeLands in Middle east provide outlet for
Europe’s growing population
![Page 31: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Crusades1095- Peasant Crusade – Peter the
Hermit Convinced the poor they were going to
heaven In Asia Minor – massacred by the Turks
![Page 32: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The First Crusade
![Page 33: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The CrusadesThe First Crusade – 1096-1099 Only successful crusadeCaptured Antioch, JerusalemCreated 4 small Crusader states
![Page 34: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The CrusadesThe Second Crusade – 1147- started
after Muslims recaptured Edessa and threatened Jerusalem – poor planning and division among the nobles caused it to fail
![Page 36: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The CrusadesThird Crusade – 1189-1199 Started when Saladin, Seljuk Turk leader
recaptured JerusalemKnown as the Crusade of the Three
Kings – Frederick I, Philip II & Richard the Lion HeartedFrederick I – Barbarossa – drowns on the wayPhilip II of France gets mad at Richard the
Lion Hearted & goes home
![Page 37: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The CrusadesRichard fails to capture Jerusalem but
forces a truce which allowed Christians to visit Jerusalem
![Page 38: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The CrusadesFourth Crusade – 1202 – called by Pope
Innocent IIICrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara
All excommunicated1204 attacked Constantinople
Seriously weakened the Byzantine EmpireCrusaders looted the city
![Page 39: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Crusades1212- Children’s Crusade – 20,000 kidsAll sold into slavery in North Africa
![Page 40: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Results & Impact of the Crusades
Crusades were unsuccessful in reclaiming the Holy Land but they had a big impact on Western EuropeLeft a bitter legacy & religious hatredIncreased trade between Near East & EuropePower of Roman Catholic Church decreasedIncreased power of the monarchs
New taxesDeath of many feudal lords
![Page 41: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Results & Impact of the Crusades
Encouraged the growth of money economyEurope gained wider view of the worldNew weapons & military tactics
Crossbow, catapults, carrier pigeons & possibly the use of gunpowder
Status of women changed – controlled land while husbands were away
![Page 42: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SpainThe Muslims had conquered most of
Spain in the 700sSpain became a center of Islamic
civilization Scholars preserved Greek & Roman texts
![Page 43: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Spanish Reconquista1100s & 1200s Spanish knights launched
their own crusade known was the Reconquista or the reconquest
By 1250 Muslims held only kingdom of Granada
![Page 44: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Spanish ReconquistaCentral Spain – Kingdom of AragonNortheast Spain – Kingdom of Castile1469 – Queen Isabella of Castile married
Ferdinand of AragonUnites SpainThey use the common people to get power
from nobles1492 capture last Muslim city of Granada
![Page 46: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
SpainUnited Spain both politically & religiously
Ended the policy of religious toleration of Muslims & Jews
Caused economic problems Revived the Inquisition
![Page 47: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Medieval EducationUniversities – many will be taken over by
the ChurchMost students trained for high positions in the
Church/governmentTook courses in all areas- Math, Science,
Language, etc.Very similar to guilds
![Page 48: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Medieval EducationStudent life at these universities hard
Long hours sitting on hard benches in unheated rooms
Books scarce & expensiveStudent day from 5AM till 5PMNo regular classroomsTook 3 to 5 years to complete the work
![Page 49: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Medieval MedicineSome had read HippocratesMost used folk medicineBelieved illness caused by the devil or evil
spirits
![Page 50: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Conflict in LearningDebate between faith & reason-
Scholasticism – used reason & logic to support Christian beliefs
Thomas Aquinas – Summa TheologicaMan’s ability to reason was a gift from God
![Page 51: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Medieval Literature1100s & 1200s – new style – writing in the
vernacular – everyday languageTownspeople enjoyed fablesNobility liked chanson de geste
Song of Roland – FranceEl Cid – SpainSiegfried – GermanBeowulf –England
![Page 52: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Medieval LiteratureDante- Italian poet – The Divine Comedy
![Page 53: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Medieval LiteratureGeoffrey Chaucer – English – The
Canterbury Tales
![Page 54: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Medieval ArchitectureCathedrals – starting in 1100s – towns
competed for the bestProjects could take 30 years or more to
complete
![Page 55: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Medieval ArchitectureTwo styles:
Romanesque – influenced by Romans – rounded arches, domed roof, columns, slits for windows, few statues
Gothic – very tall & airy, flying buttress, many windows made of stained glass, lots of statues in relief, pointed arches
![Page 56: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Black DeathAlso known as the bubonic plague-bubaArrived in Genoa, Italy in 1347 by way of
Sicily—fleas on rats carried diseaseBetween 1347 & 1352 – kills 25 million or
1/3 of Europe’s population
![Page 59: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Effects of the plagueSociety torn apart as a result of plagueWhole towns & villages disappearedPeople turn to witchcraft & magic for
protectionFlagellants-traveled from town to town
beating themselvesChristians blamed Jews- forced to flee
into eastern Europe
![Page 61: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Effects of the plague
Decline in population = labor shortageSerfdom disappears as the manor
economy is destroyedTrade declinesWorkers demand higher wages
![Page 62: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Church Troubles
Monarchs opposed Church’s political power
Monarchs could not tax church landChurch’s were getting involved in
politics
![Page 63: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Great Schism1378 – Pope Gregory XI diedCollege of Cardinals elected Pope Urban
VI13 French Cardinals then elect another –
Pope Clement VII1417 – ends with the election of Pope
Martin V
![Page 64: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Church Reformers John Wycliffe – English
theologian- wanted to reform the Church Bible not pope final authority for
Christians Jesus head of the Church not the
pope Priest/sacraments not necessary for
salvation Clergy needed to practice poverty Translated New Testament into
English
![Page 65: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Church Reformers Jan Hus – German
Authority of Bible higher than pope
Preach in common language not Latin
Arrested, tried for heresy & burned at the stake by Roman Catholic Church
![Page 66: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
The Hundred Years War1337-1453
Between England & France – Edward III of England claimed the throne of France
![Page 67: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The Hundred Years War1337-1453
War had four major stages;England invades France captures
French king & most of FranceFrench take back almost all the land
they lostEnglish invade again – Henry V forced
the French to sign humiliating treatyFrench rally under Joan of Arc,
Charles VII crowned king of France
![Page 68: [PPT]Chapter 9 - Richmond County School System / · Web viewCrusaders attack the Christian city of Zara All excommunicated 1204 attacked Constantinople Seriously weakened the Byzantine](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5aaa01b37f8b9a72188da2c5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
NEW WEAPONS
Longbow-developed by the English which put an end to the age of feudal knights
Cannon-used to destroy fortifications (castles)—castles became outdated