ppt seminario candida final
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
• The research article was realized in Iran, in which scientist collected 68 blood samples to identify the presence of Candida in patients with cancer, in order to understand the resistance pattern to Amphotericin B for further investigations and treatments.
• Candida has become in great concern because of the capacity to infect human hosts.
OBJECTIVE
• The candida is a fungus that in the middle of the last few years has given a significant increase since several people in the world are affected by it. In this study we will talk about patients with cancer in which the probability of being infected with the fungus is very high.
Generalidades- Candida
• Candida yeast species are aproximately 196 species but only 20 of them are asociated with human being.
• Size cells of 2-4 µm.
• Cilindric, globose and ovoid.
Generalidades- Candida
Candida overgrowth causes…• Inadecuate use of
antibiotics.• Steroids.• Birth controll pills • Chemotherapy • Radiotherapy • Heavy metals • Stress • Alcohol• Poor diet
Candida non albicans
Candida non albicans causes less virulence candidiasis.
They lack, totally or partially, some virulence factors:• Ability to form hyphae.•Ability to perform phenotypic switching.•Lower adherence to ephitelium
Anfotericina B
• Antibiotics y antifungal.• Streptomyces nodusos.• Amphipathic.• Nephrotoxic.• Intravenous.• Adverse reaction.
Amphotericin B
Candidiasis
ORAL
• Whitish injuries in mouth and tongue.
• Bleeding.• Sore throat
• Diabetes • Age • VIH• AB• Dental prostheses
Candidiasis
Esophageal
• Whitish injuries.• Sore throat.• Sternal pain • Obstruction • Náuseas. • Vómiting.
• Inmunosupressed patient.
Candidiasis
Gastrointestinal
• Abdominal pain• Fatigue• Irritability • Ulcer.
• Patients with neoplasias.
• Malnutrition.• Transplant
surgery.• Stress
Candidiasis
Vaginal
• Stinging or burning sensation.
• itching • Pain while
urinating.• Edema.• Redness .
• Pregnancy • AB• Diabetes
Correlation
Candida
illness
mycotoxins
Lactobacillus acidophilus & bifidobacteria
Stress
Pills
Diet & sugar
Cortisol
chemotherapyradiotherapy
inmunosupressed
MÉTODOS
• Los estudios se realizaron en el instituto nacional de cáncer afiliado a la universidad de ciencias medicas de Tehram y el hospital de kasra.
• Se realizaron muestras de 68 pacientes.
• Se utilizó la extracción de ADN y la PCR múltiple.
MÉTODOS
• EXTRACCIÓN DE ADN1. Lisis de las células – detergentes
2. Separación de la fracción proteica del ADN
MÉTODOS
3. Precipitación de proteínas
4. Precipitación de ADN
5. Almacenamiento
MÉTODOS
• Se hace para obtener un ADN puro y así poder clonarlo, introducir genes en otras especies, estudiarlo. Se puede amplificar.
MÉTODOS
PCR MÚLTIPLE • La PCR es una técnica de
amplificación enzimática de secuencias
específicas de ADN.• Se refiere a múltiple porque amplifica
en un mismo tubo diferentes secuencias lo que permite la distinción de varios genes.
MÉTODOS
PROCESO1. Desnaturalización: se calienta para
separar las 2 hebras de DNA (90-97ºC).
MÉTODOS
2. Alineamiento: hibridación de las hebras con los primer´s y DNTp´s, (37-65ºC).
MÉTODOS
3.Síntesis: amplificación que hace la DNA polimerasa- elonga los primer´s usando las hebras originales.
MÉTODOS
LA PCR SE UTILIZA PARA:
• La PCR se utiliza para clonar fragmentos de ADN.
• Establecimientos de polimorfismos.• Rastreo de mutaciones.• Tipificación de DNA para trasplantes.• Diagnostico de enfermedades genéticas.• Detección de microorganismos infecciosos .
RESULTADOS
• Presencia de células por examinación directa, cultivo y extracción de ADN.
• 68 muestras de sangre.
• Candida spp, cinco (7.35%)
• Candida albicans, dos (40%)
• Candida non albicans, tres (60%)
PCR- PRIMERS
Antibióticos
RESULTADOS
Antibióticos
• Anfotericina B• Nistatina • Ketoconazole • fluconazole
DISCUSSIONSR. CONCLUSION YES OR NOT
(Naghavi, 2003) Although a variety of drugs are now available for the treatment of cancer but in Iran cancer related deaths accounted for 30000 of the 300000 deaths in 2003 .
YES
(Blumberg,2013),(Fridkin,2005)
Usually cancer patients experience a high incidence of a variety of infections particularly blood stream infections and eventually many of these patients die due to infection .
YES
DISCUSSION
Badie et al.,2011
This study demonstrated that C. non - albicans was the predominant species of Candidemia in patients with cancer which is in agreement with other reports from Iran.
YES
Badiee et al., 2011
These isolates showed high amphotricin resistance pattern which is similar Frederick et al. observation and also Badiee et al. study from Iran.
YES
DISCUSSION
Badiee et al, 2009
As other study from Iran observed and believed that the great importance of non -albicans Candida as a pathogen in clinical samples.
YES
CONCLUSIONS
• With the article we could with a PCR method for the other species of Candida albicans, a fungus that seriously affects the patient with cancer, this case the non Candida albicans.
• The people affected by this type of fungus are more than all those who are immunosuppressed, or have any serious illness, in the study we were able to prove that many people die because of the infection.
CONCLUSIONS
• Investigations about Candida would allow people to understand how frecuent and dangerous could be a candidemia if it is not treated correctly and in a short period of time.
• Understanding resistance patterns of antibiotics, will give scientist the opportunity to create new mecanisms in order to avoid resistance.
• https://books.google.com.co/books?id=XJ9k2ioAMm8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=candida&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=XhHhVJrPCIKWNrargcAL&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=candida&f=false
• ftp://tesis.bbtk.ull.es/ccppytec/cp121.pdf