By

Karna Bahadur Chongbang

Mphil, 13th Batch, second semester

Educational Leadership

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•Approaches to link

Traditional Resource Management(TRM) with

Contemporary ResourceManagement(CRM)

•Implications ofGlocalized Resource Management(GRM) in Education

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Contents Resource: definition, forms/types

Concept of resource management

Types of resource management: traditional, contemporary and glocal

Traditional resource management

Contemporary global resource management

Approaches to link traditional resource and contemporary resource management

Globalized resource management:

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Resource DefinitionA resource is a source or supply from which benefit is

produced.-characteristics of the resource: utility, limited availability and potential for consumption

Basic forms of resources: -Natural resource: rocks, water, air, trees, animals,

minerals, land etc.- Human resource: people, and -Capital resource: money

Generated form of resources: -processed and transformed from the raw materials or natural state i.e. skilled and knowledgeous people, materials, energy, motivation, technology, operational capital, property etc.

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Resource management Resource management is the process of planning,

allocating, deploying, directing, using, coordinating and controlling the organization’s or institution’s financial, human ability, information technology, machinery, physical etc resources to attain the established goals of the organization or institution effectively and efficiently.

The aspects of resource management for an institution or organization

Physical resource management

Human resource management

Financial resource management

Motivational resource management

Property resource management

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Types of resource management practice

Three types of resource management practice

-Traditional, indigenous or local resource management

- Modern, contemporary or global resource management

-Glocalized or hybridized resource management

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Traditional resource management system(TRM) Traditional refers to native, indigenous, original, ancestral, local, ethnic

etc. Traditional resources :

- financial resource: srama daan, anna daan, paisa daan etc.-human resource: local human force, consensually approved and trusted persons, culturally recognized and respected seniors /elders, skilled people etc.-physical resources: locally available materials -technology: locally developed technology

Indigenous resource management is prior, cultural, and spiritual and context based approach. In this management system, people seek to co-exist with nature.

Traditional or indigenous resource management is based on indigenous knowledge. The management is also recognized as informal management system, self-management system, community based management, sub-conscious management, grass root management system, hidden/ invisible management system.

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Ecologically compatible life

Locally abound

indigenous life, learning through ecological system

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Living with natureUse of the indigenous way of ecological friendly resource management for livelihood

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Specific practices

Snoqualmie Tribe of Washington in August 2012 hosting as Traditional Knowledge and Health Ecosystems Summit participated by indigenous leaders, tribal members, resource managers, academics and students to discuss and learn about the importance of the traditional knowledge in natural resource management. Picture: KNOWLEDGE KEEPERS CIRCLE, Story telling by G.

Jim(Vinyeta, 2012)12/18/2014 10

Features of TRM-based on traditional indigenous knowledge

system-based on life experience-incorporation of local and natural resources-use of ecology friendly technology-as a part of cultural capital-grounded practices-spontaneous transfer of the managerial skill and knowledge-locally bund, indigenous to a specific area

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Concept and definition of contemporary resource mangement

How are the resource management theories emerged ?

Different types of resource management practices prevailed in the communities or societies were studied and the best fitting practices to common society were selected and logically and consciously incorporated by academicians as theories of management. Such theories applied at the present resource management practices are known as modern resource management system or contemporary resource management system.

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Modern/contemporary resource managementEcological detached,

attached with technology,

use of generated resources,

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Features of CRM-resource management based on established theories-traditional scientific paradigm approach and practice- based on the logical knowledge- orientation of global rationality- the constructs established and verified by scholars and academicians- based on mostly de-contextualized resources-scientific and linear procedure-highly skilled and globally recognized formal manpower-global economic resource

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Traditional scientific and Traditional indigenous knowledge system

Traditional scientific knowledge system

Traditional indigenous knowledge system

Specialized, partial etc

Based on experimentation

Dependent on external resources

High input

Labor saving

Complicated technology

Global source

General, holistic etc

Based on observation

Dependent on local resources

Low input

Labour demanding

Simple technology

Local sources

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Approaches to Link traditional/local with contemporary/ global resource management

Acc. Tuckker V. (2001),”There is no traditional society, only looking at society as traditional, society is rich that has own knowledge traditional modern that sees own eyes.”

Knowledge comes from everywhere: If Western emerged own unique knowledge is indigenous for west and modern for rest. Likewise same to Eastern.

Linking approaches:-Synergistic approach-Thinking global and acting local approach-Glocalization or hybridization approach-Modernization approach

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Synergistic approach Synergy is a abstract concept that refers to a result that

arises from interacting processes. Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the

simple sum of its parts. “Scientific” and “traditional” knowledge and practices

complement and do not exclude each other. Traditional knowledge helps by providing valuable information on the local context, in which they might include both the revival of traditional practices and the adoption and development of new techniques (FAO).

An access to “modern” scientific and technical infrastructure, skills and expertise is crucial to developing current reliable context specific forecasts(FAO).

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Thinking global, acting local approach Localization and globalization are two extreme

conceptual and practical phenomena related to development, education, business, management, service etc. strategies emerged as discourses at present knowledge society.

“Thinking global” means global orientation, global perspective, global mindset, or global philosophy.

“Acting local” is all that is required for organization whose strategies suggest that managers think local. Managers are concerned only with domestic issues. Localization is the

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Glocalization approach The term Glocalization coined in 1980s, by Japanese

economists, in Japanese term dochakuka

Glocalization is a meaningful integration of local and global forces.

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Modernization approach Indigenous resources can be modernized by two ways:

1. Improvement

2. Change

The process of upgrading the quality of the resources is called improvement which is a process of modernization.

To modernize, indigenous knowledge takes long time. It does not rapidly but gradually change. It takes time to be modern.

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Glocalized resource management(GRM)

A so called glocal approach is characterized by universal appeals and an international backdrop, blending with local relevance(Onkvisit, Shaw, 2002 & Thurm,2004 cited in Parnell, 2006).

Glocalized resource management is the position of integration, combination and blending the resources possessed by local, national and global agencies and individuals.

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Features of glocalized resource management in education Handling the modern technologies by local indigenous people for

development of organizational efficiency

Glocalturization by integrating global culture and the local indigenous culture and tradition

Individual, local, national and international economic resources

Development of local human resources through modern approaches

Participation and leadership of local people in the local educational institutions i.e. Chairmanship of SMC, Headmaster etc.

Usage of locally available physical resources to establish and run institutions

Curriculum management at institutional level to integrate local language, national language and international language , and locally established and practice knowledge and internationally recognized and

established knowledge.

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Functional position of GRM

Glocalized

resource management

in education

Local resources

Global resources

Generated resourcesProduct materials,

Trainers, Funds,Scientific technologyModern Knowledge

Basic/natural resourcesPhysical, Human,

public donation, Indigenous

Knowledge, skill etcTraditional Technology

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Glocalizedmanagement

Balancing ecological, economic and societal system through glocalizedmanagement

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Multiple dimensions of the glocal approach

Glocalizedapproach leads to and ensures the sustainability through balance operation

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Refernces Vinyeta, K. (2012). Tribal climate change profile:

traditional knowledge and healthy ecosystems summit. Retrieved from http://tribalclimate.uoregon.edu/

FAO(n. d.). Policy brief 10. ancestral prctices for the management of natural resources. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/climatechange/55804/en

Parnell, J. (2006). Reassessing the “think global, act local” mandate: Evaluation and synthesis. Retyrievedfrom www.sjmo6.com/SIM ISSN1452-4864/1_1_2006_May_1-85/1_1_21-28.pdf

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Era of the 21st century leads to the glocal village rather than the global village.

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Queries,Comments,Feedback,

Suggestions &

Integration

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