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Blood Gas Analysis and AnalyzerBME Lab 2)

Palestine Polytechnic UniversityEngineering & Technology Collage

Electrical &Computer DepartmentBiomedical Engineering ProgramBiomedical Eng Lab (II)



Blood Gas Analysis

how effectively the lungs are deliveringoxygen to the blood and how efficientlythey are eliminating carbon dioxide from it.

how well the lungs and kidneys areinteracting to maintain normal blood pH(acid-base balance).

Blood gas analysis evaluates;



pH Acid DegreePO 2 Partial pressure of oxygen in blood

PCO 2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide inblood

cK Potassium Concentration

Na Sodium ConcentrationGlu GlucoseCt Bil Total Bilirubin

Blood Gas Analyzer Measure the following Parameter

Blood Gas Analysis



pH

CO 2 + H2O H2CO 3 H+

+ HCO3-

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

pH = pKa + log[HCO 3

-]

[H2CO 3]

pH =6.1 + log[HCO 3

-]

[0.03 x PCO2]

pH =6.1 + log

24

1.2

pH =6.1 +log20

1

pH =7.4

[H2O + CO2]

[t x PCO2]

1.3



state pHNormal 7.35 - 7.45

Acidosis < 7.35

Alkalosis >7.45

pH

PH value for Human Blood



PO 2

PH value for Human Blood

State PO 2 mm Hg)Normal 80 -100

Hypoxemia < 80

Hyperoxemia >120



• pH electrode is constructed of two half cells,which develop an electrical potential whenconnected together

• Reference electrode maintains a constantpotential and is bathed in KCl

• Glass electrode (Sanz electrode) develops an

electrical potential that is proportional to theamount of H+ present

pH



Blood Gas Analyzer Block Diagram



Blood Gas Analyzer

CalibratorGas

Chamber

E1 E3

E2 E4 w

Pump

High pH

Low pH

StandardBuffers

SampleProbe

V

High O2Low CO2

Low O2High CO2

Display/Printer

Microprocessor

PO 2

PCO 2

Water bath37 oCpH

Reference for pH



Electrodes Principle operation



A - pH sensorB - reference half-cellC - combination pH electrode

(A + B)

d - seale - internal filling solution f - internal reference electrodeg - external filling solutionh - pH-sensitive glass

membrane i - internal liquid junction j - external liquid junction k - fill hole

Glass pH electrode



Electrodes Shape in BGA Device



BGA Device



Blood Gas Analyzer

BGA, BGE, BGA plus E

Oximeter

Tonometer

Ion selective electrodes (ISE)



Oximeter CO-Oximeter

% Carboxyhemoglobin% Oxyhemoglobin



Tonometer



A new dimension in non-invasive patient monitoring

Continuous real-time CO2 partial pressuremeasurement combined with state-of-the-art pulseoximetry in a single non-invasive digital sensor.



EasyBloodGasMEDICA)



Common Problems with Blood gas /PH analyzersincludes

1-Out-of-date buffer solutions.

2-No calibration gas .

3-Poor Flushing .

4-Not taking the time to properly warm up the analyzer.

5- Bad electrode .

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