ppp kota pusaka

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) IN MANAGING HISTORICAL URBAN PRECINCTS Workshop, May 6-8, 2013

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PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) IN

MANAGING HISTORICAL URBAN PRECINCTS

Jakarta, May 6-8, 2013

Workshop Report

Date August 30, 2013

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) IN

MANAGING HISTORICAL URBAN PRECINCTS

Jakarta, May 6-8, 2013

Workshop Report


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Colophon

Organizations Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI)

Directorate General of Spatial Planning,

Ministry of Public Work (PU), Indonesia

Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE),Ministry of

Education, Culture and Science, the Netherlands

Project name Workshop Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

in Managing Historical Urban Precincts

Version number 1.0

Project managers

Contact P. (Punto) Wijayanto

[email protected]

P.J. (Peter) Timmer

[email protected]

Appendix

Authors H. Tarekat, Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI)

P. Wijayanto, Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI)

P.J. Timmer, Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE)

Distribution list


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Table of Contents

Colophon 3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / 7

RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF

1. INTRODUCTION 13

2. OBJECTIVE 15

2.1 Context 15

2.2 Main objective 15

2.3 Organization 16

3. PROCEEDINGS 18

3.1 Preparations 18

3.2 Workshop material 19

3.3 Workshop activities 20

3.4 Related events 22

4. OUTCOMES 25

4.1 Favourable conditions 25

4.2 PPP opportunities 26

4.3 Follow up feasibility 27 4.4 Additional requests 27

5. CONCLUSIONS 29

Appendix

1. Workshop Schedule

2. Paper contributed to the workshop,

by Peter Timmer


by Amiluhur Soeroso


by Punto Wijayanto

5. List of participants


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Management and Conservation of

Heritage Cities Program

On October 25, 2008, the Indonesian

Heritage Cities Network or JKPI (Jaringan

Kota Pusaka Indonesia) was formed in

Surakarta by 12 mayors, initiated by Joko

Widodo, at the time Mayor of Surakarta (now

Governor of DKI Jakarta). Members of JKPI

are governments, represented by their mayor

or regent. The aims of the organization are,

among others, to develop cooperation among

cities with cultural and natural heritage and

to encourage mutual cooperation to preserve

heritage with other stakeholders.

Currently, JKPI consists of 48 member cities

and more are expected to join. This new

organization, JKPI, cooperates with the

Indonesian Heritage Trust or BPPI, a non-

profit organization who has been working

much earlier in developing strategies and

policies for urban heritage development. The

idea to develop heritage cities management

was taken up by the Directorate General of

Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Work

(MoPW), Since 2012, MoPW and BPPI are

taking the initiative to improve the

institutional capacity to manage urban

heritage through a program, namely Program

Penataan dan Pelestarian Kota Pusaka (P3KP)

(Management and Conservation of Heritage

Cities Program).

In the early stages, there were 28 cities and

regencies that showed their interests to

participate in the program and after some

selection process 10 cities/regencies were

selected to be pilot projects, that are Banda

Aceh, Sawahlunto, Palembang, Bogor,

Semarang, Yogyakarta, Banjarmasin,

Baubau, Denpasar and Karangasem.

Workshop Public-Private

Partnership

MoPW and BPPI agreed that one of the

important issues in developing heritage cities

is to find financial resources. To address this

RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF

Program Penataan dan

Pelestarian Kota Pusaka

Pada 25 Oktober 2008, terbentuklah Jaringan

Kota Pusaka Indonesia (JKPI) di Surakarta.

Pendiri organisasi ini adalah 12 walikota,

diprakarsai oleh Joko Widodo, Walikota

Surakarta (sekarang Gubernur DKI Jakarta).

Anggota JKPI adalah pemerintah yang

diwakili oleh walikota atau bupati. Tujuan

organisasi ini, antara lain, untuk

mengembangkan kerjasama antar kota yang

memiliki aset pusaka budaya dan alam serta

meningkatkan kerjasama para pemangku

kepentingan dalam melestarikan pusakanya.

Saat ini anggota JKPI terdiri dari 48 kota dan

lebih banyak yang diharapkan untuk

bergabung. JKPI, bekerja sama dengan BPPI,

organisasi non-profit yang telah jauh lebih

dulu bergerak dalam mengembangkan

strategi dan kebijakan pelestarian dan

pengelolaan pusaka. Gagasan

mengembangkan pengelolaan pusaka

ditindaklanjuti oleh Direktorat Jenderal

Penataan Ruang, Kementerian Pekerjaan

Umum (PU). Sejak 2012, PU dan BPPI

berinisiatif untuk meningkatkan kapasitas

kelembagaan pemerintah daerah dalam

mengelola aset pusaka melalui Program

Penataan Dan Pelestarian Pusaka Kota

(P3KP).

Ada 28 kota dan kabupaten yang

berpartisipasi dalam program ini. Pada tahap

awal, 10 kota/kabupaten menjadi proyek

percontohan, yaitu Kota Banda Aceh,

Sawahlunto, Palembang, Bogor, Semarang,

Yogyakarta, Banjarmasin, Baubau, Denpasar

dan Kabupaten Karangasem.

Workshop Public-Private

Partnership (Kemitraan Publik

dan Swasta)

PU dan BPPI sepakat bahwa salah satu isu

penting dalam pengembangan kota pusaka

adalah menemukan sumber daya

pembiayaan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini


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issue a workshop about Public-Private

Partnership (PPP) was organized in

cooperation with the Cultural Heritage Agency

(RCE), Ministry of Education, Culture and

Science of the Netherlands. This workshop

was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, 6-8 May 2013

and attended by 9 cities/regencies as active

participants and 9 cities/regencies as

observers. The content of the workshop

focussed on experiences and lessons learned

from the Netherlands and USA and

application in the Indonesian context.

The 'stadsherstel' approach from the

Netherlands was highlighted due to its

success in safeguarding Dutch built heritage.

This approach started in the 1950s by a

number of people from the private sector

when many buildings in old cities and villages

were in a state of decay. Stadsherstel

organizations purchase, restore and lessee

heritage buildings. Later, other approaches

were also introduced such as Park Strijp

Beheer B.V. in Eindhoven and Village

Development Company in Dongeradeel.

Methods of the workshop were exchanging

experiences and knowledge in classrooms

and continued by exercises that required

every city to present a heritage city

management plan. At the end of the

workshop, the resource persons and the

participants identified challenges and needs

of every heritage city management plan that

will be followed-up together. Resource

persons were:

Donovan Rypkema, President of

Heritage Strategies International,

Washington DC, USA.

Peter Timmer from the Cultural

Heritage Agency (RCE), Ministry of

Education, Culture and Science of the

Netherlands.

Amiluhur Soeroso, economics &

heritage expert, Indonesian Heritage

Trust.

Punto Wijayanto, heritage planning

expert, Indonesian Heritage Trust.

Punto Wijayanto visited the Netherlands, 2-8

sebuah lokakarya tentang Public-Private

Partnership (PPP) diselenggarakan

bekerjasama dengan the Cultural Heritage

Agency (RCE), Kementerian Pendidikan,

Kebudayaan dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kerajaan

Belanda. Workshop ini diselenggarakan di

Jakarta, Indonesia, pada tanggal 6-8 Mei

2013 dan dihadiri oleh 9 kota/kabupaten

sebagai peserta aktif dan 9 kota/kabupaten

sebagai pengamat.Materi workshop adalah

pengalaman dan pelajaran dari Belanda dan

Amerika Serikat dengan tetap memberi

konteks Indonesia.

Dalam workshop ini, pendekatan

'stadsherstel' dari Belanda disorot karena

keberhasilannya dalam menjaga aset Pusaka

di Belanda. Pendekatan ini dimulai pada

tahun 1950 oleh sejumlah orang dari sektor

swasta ketika banyak bangunan di kota dan

desa-desa dalam keadaan terbengkalai.

Organisasi stadsherstel membeli,

memulihkan dan menyewakan bangunan

pusaka. Pendekatan lain juga diperkenalkan

dalan workshop ini seperti Park Strijp Beheer

BV di Eindhoven dan Village Development

Company di Dongeradeel.

Metode workshop yang dipakai adalah

bertukar pengalaman dan pengetahuan di

kelas dan dilanjutkan dengan latihan. Tiap

kota diminta mempresentasikan rencana

pengelolaan kota pusaka. Pada akhir

workshop, narasumber dan peserta

mengidentifikasi tantangan dan kebutuhan

rencana pengelolaan yang disusun oleh tiap

kota yang akan ditindaklanjuti bersama-

sama. Narasumber adalah:

Donovan Rypkema, Presiden

International Heritage Strategy,

Washington DC, Amerika Serikat.

Peter Timmer, Cultural Heritage

Agency (RCE), Kementerian

Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Ilmu

Pengetahuan Kerajaan Belanda.

Amiluhur Soeroso, ahli ekonom dan

pusaka, Badan Pelestarian Pusaka

Indonesia.

Punto Wijayanto, ahli perencanaan

pusaka, Badan Pelestarian Pusaka

Indonesia.


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March 2013 invited by the RCE, to have an

orientation program about PPP practices in

the Netherlands and expected to disseminate

his experience with the workshop's

participants.

Workshop Result

The workshop has laid a know-how

foundation about PPP practices in other

countries as input and inspiration for heritage

cities in Indonesia. MoPW and BPPI will be

the driving forces to encourage the

participating cities to implement PPP. The

heritage city management plans that were

presented during the workshop are a start for

further elaboration.

General points of attention identified during

the discussion and evaluation regarding

feasible PPP management in Indonesia are:

Directorate General of Spatial

Planning and Urban Development is

ready to work closely with Indonesian

Heritage Trust and RCE to develop a

comprehensive long-term program.

Evaluations of policies in Indonesia

that obstruct implementation of PPP

Heritage, such as a policy that

doesn't allow a private sector to

invest in monumental buildings or a

conservation program.

Preparing strategies to implement

some if not all heritage city

management plans presented during

the workshop.

Dissemination and documentation of

PPP Heritage know-how in general, by

publishing a publication.

Furthermore specific topics per city were

identified:

1. Banda Aceh would like to develop

Gampong Pande area and needs more

knowledge and experience on how to do so.

2. Palembang & Banjarmasin would need

approaches for river- and seaside urban

development.

3. Sawahlunto aims on adaptive reuse of

industrial heritage and would need

Khususnya Punto Wijayanto mengunjungi

Belanda pada 2-8 Maret 2013 dengan

undangan the Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE)

untuk menjalani program orientasi tentang

praktek PPP di Belanda. Ia diharapkan dapat

membagi pengalaman dengan peserta

workshop lainnya.

Hasil Workshop

Lokakarya ini meletakkan dasar pengetahuan

tentang praktek PPP di negara lain sebagai

masukan dan inspirasi bagi kota-kota pusaka

Indonesia. PU dan BPPI menjadi motor yang

mendorong kota-kota tersebut untuk

melaksanakan PPP. Rencana pengelolaan

kota pusaka yang disajikan selama lokakarya

akan menjadi awal untuk dikembangkan lebih

lanjut.

Hasil diskusi dan evaluasi untuk mengkaji

kemungkinan dilaksanakannya PPP di

Indonesia yang perlu diperhatikan sebagai

berikut:

Pemetaan posisi PPP pusaka dalam

Program Penataan dan Pelestarian

Kota. Direktorat Jenderal Penataan

Ruang siap untuk bekerja sama

dengan BPPI untuk mengembangkan

program jangka panjang yang

komprehensif.

Evaluasi kebijakan di Indonesia yang

tidak mendukung pelaksanaan PPP

pusaka, seperti kebijakan yang tidak

memungkinkan sektor swasta untuk

berinvestasi dalam program

pelestarian bangunan-bangunan

monumental.

Menyiapkan strategi untuk

mengimplementasikan beberapa -jika

tidak mungkin semua- rencana

pengelolaan kota pusaka yang

didiskusikan selama workshop.

Diseminasi dan dokumentasi

pengetahuan PPP pusaka, dengan

menerbitkan publikasi.

Ada konteks tertentu untuk setiap kota yang

perlu ditangani, seperti:


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approaches to develop collaborative

programs with state-company (PT Bukit

Asam).

4. Bogor needs an approach for its informal

sector in Surya Kencana area and would like

to learn more from Quito in Ecuador where

the local government and local ventures

closely cooperate.

5. Yogyakarta aims to preserve several

heritage buildings and requested more

information about the Revolving Fund

Principle by National Restoration Fund, the

Netherlands.

6. Semarang needs an approach to

rehabilitate and develop its old city centre

especially by a PPP approach and a

supporting urban strategy.

7. Banjarmasin is also interested in more

information about WIHCC (Water in Historic

City Centre) project in Breda, the

Netherlands.

8. Baubau presented a project of Benteng

Wolio and needs to approach a private

investor and could consider a community-

based approach in heritage preservation.

9. Karangasem would like to develop its

natural heritage through the traditional water

management (irrigation) system called

'Subak' and needs more knowledge and

experience about it.

Pilot Projects

It is better to start with a small group of pilot

projects, in such a way successful projects

can be a reference for other PPP projects.

Sawahluntos proposal has much potential for

implementing PPP (stadsherstel or integrated

approach). Semarang provides opportunities

for implementing a stadsherstel model. The

city could start with a small initial PPP

project, but to succeed on an urban scale a

supporting urban strategy is evident. When it

comes to a community-based approach,

together with stadsherstel elements, Baubau

offers opportunities. Palembang and

Yogyakarta could be suitable for a

stadsherstel and integrated approach. This

should start with preparing a vision and

redevelopment plan. When these are already

available an implementation strategy should

be added.

1. Banda Aceh ingin mengembangkan

Kawasan Gampong Pande dan membutuhkan

lebih banyak pengetahuan dan pengalaman

bagaimana melakukannya.

2. Palembang dan Banjarmasin akan

membutuhkan pendekatan yang berkaitan

dengan pembangunan kawasan sekitar

sungai dan tepian laut.

3. Sawahlunto hendak mengembangkan

pusaka industri dengan cara olah desain dan

membutuhkan pendekatan untuk

mengembangkan program kolaboratif dengan

perusahaan BUMN (PT Bukit Asam).

4. Bogor membutuhkan pendekatan untuk

sektor informal di Kawasan Surya Kencana

dan ingin belajar dari Quito, Ekuador di mana

pemerintah daerah dan usaha lokal dapat

bekerjasama.

5. Yogyakarta ingin melestarikan bangunan

pusaka dan meminta informasi lebih lanjut

tentang Prinsip Dana Bergulir yang

dikembangkan National Restoration Fund,

Belanda.

6. Semarang memerlukan pendekatan untuk

merehabilitasi dan mengembangkan pusat

kota lama terutama dengan pendekatan PPP

dan strategi perkotaan pendukung.

7. Banjarmasin tertarik pada informasi

tentang proyek WIHCC (Water in Historic

Centre) di Breda, Belanda.

8. Baubau menyajikan proyek Benteng Wolio

dan perlu mendekati investor swasta dan

dapat mempertimbangkan pendekatan

berbasis masyarakat dalam pelestarian.

9. Karangasem ingin mengembangkan

pusaka alam melalui pengelolaan sistem

pengairan secara tradisional yang disebut

'Subak' dan membutuhkan lebih banyak

pengetahuan dan pengalaman.

Proyek Percontohan

Sebaiknya implementasi PPP pusaka dimulai

dengan proyek percontohan berskala kecil,

yang akan menjadi acuan untuk proyek-

proyek berikutnya. Proposal Sawahlunto

potensial untuk penerapan PPP (model

stadsherstel atau pendekatan terintegrasi).

Sementara, Semarang mempunyai potensi

untuk menerapkan model stadsherstel. Kota-

kota tersebut bisa mulai dengan proyek PPP

kecil. Untuk berhasil dalam skala perkotaan,


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Favourable Conditions

Although there is still much to do to get PPP

implemented in heritage conservation in

Indonesia, it became clear during the

workshop that favourable conditions are

present and provide unique possibilities. The

fact that Indonesian ministries work together

with 28 Indonesian municipalities and

heritage NGOs, PPP skills in Indonesian

infrastructure projects are present and the

Indonesian system of legal entities is

considerably feasible for PPP implementation

in heritage conservation, are all assets that

can contribute to its success. Undeniable it

will be a challenge to implement PPP in

heritage conservation and some exercises

could even fail. Unfavourable conditions need

to be overcome. Nevertheless, if

determination and long term focus can be

assured, Indonesia can set a striking example

in Asia and other countries in world.

perlu didukung dengan strategi perkotaan.

Untuk pendekatan berbasis masyarakat,

yang ditambahkan unsur-unsur stadsherstel,

dapat diterapkan pada Baubau. Usulan untuk

Palembang dan Yogyakarta cocok

menggunakan pendekatan stadsherstel dan

pendekatan terpadu. Tindak lanjutnya harus

dimulai dengan mempersiapkan visi dan

rencana pembangunan kembali. Saat sudah

tersedia, perlu ditambahkan strategi-strategi

implementasinya.

Kondisi yang Menguntungkan

Meskipun banyak yang harus dilakukan untuk

menerapkan PPP dalam pelestarian pusaka di

Indonesia, proses selama lokakarya

menunjukkan adanya kondisi yang

menguntungkan dan memberikan kekhasan

situasi di Indonesia. Fakta bahwa

kementerian Indonesia berinisiatif bekerja

sama dengan 28 kota Indonesia dan

organisasi pelestarian, keterampilan PPP

dalam proyek infrastruktur, dan perangkat

hukum di Indonesia yang layak untuk

pelaksanaan PPP, bisa berkontribusi untuk

keberhasilan implementasi PPP. Tak disangkal

lagi penerapaan PPP pusaka menjadi

tantangan dan selalu kemungkinan untuk

gagal. Kondisi yang kurang baik perlu diatasi.

Namun demikian, jika tekad dan fokus jangka

panjang dapat dipegang, Indonesia dapat

memberi contoh di Asia dan negara-negara

lain di dunia.


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1. INTRODUCTION

The Indonesian Heritage Cities Network or

JKPI (Jaringan Kota Pusaka Indonesia)

consists of 48 member cities. Main objective

of the network is to develop cooperation

among Indonesian cities with cultural and

natural heritage and to encourage mutual

cooperation to conserve heritage with the

other stakeholders. In 2012, the Directorate

General of Spatial Planning of the Indonesian

Ministry of Public Work (MoPW) and the

Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI) started a

program to support JKPI. This program,

Management and Conservation of Heritage

Cities Program or P3KP (Program Penataan

dan Pelestarian Kota Pusaka) aims on

training of capacity building for involved local

authorities. To stimulate collaboration

between public and private stakeholders in

managing historical urban precincts, a

workshop about Public-Private Partnership

(PPP) was organized.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and heritage

conservation is a new challenge in Indonesia.

In 2012, Stadsherstel Amsterdam visited

Indonesia to explain more about their

concept of PPP. An Indonesian city that is

ready to implement the Stadsherstel

Amsterdam approach can follow up the plan

under guideline and supervision of

Stadsherstel Amsterdam.

The Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency

(RCE) received an inquiry from MoPW to

cooperate in organizing the workshop of

Public-Private Partnership. The Netherlands

has a long history when it comes to PPP in

managing historical urban precincts and this

experience could be useful for possible

introduction in the Indonesian context. Based

on joined Indonesian-Dutch cooperation on

mutual heritage, the RCE accepted the

invitation by providing its experience in this

field.

The workshop was held between 6-8 May,

2013 in Jakarta. The RCE would like to

express its gratitude towards MoPW and BPPI

for the hospitality received during the

workshop and was very pleased to participate

in what turned out to a fruitful workshop and

hopefully the first steps for introducing PPP

and heritage conservation in Indonesia.

There are also some institutions in the

Netherlands that deserve gratitude for their

cooperation by sharing their valuable

knowledge and experiences with us during

the preparation phase of the workshop. They

are Stadsherstel Amsterdam, especially Paul

Morel (project manager), the Municipality of

Eindhoven and the Municipality of

Noordoostpolder (Nagele).


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2. OBJECTIVE

2.1 Context

Indonesia consists of 399 regencies and 98

cities. All of the cities or regencies have

diverse heritage assets, both natural and

cultural heritage. On October 25, 2008, the

Indonesian Heritage Cities Network or JKPI

was formed in Surakarta by 12 mayors,

initiated by Joko Widodo, Mayor of Surakarta

(currently Governor of DKI Jakarta).

Members of JKPI are city governments,

represented by the mayor or regent. The

aims of the organization are, among others,

to develop cooperation among cities with

cultural and natural heritage and to

encourage mutual cooperation to conserve

heritage with the other stakeholders.

Currently, JKPI has 48 members and more

are expected to join. In 2012, the Directorate

General of Spatial Planning of the Indonesian

Ministry of Public Work (MoPW) and the

Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI) started a

program to support JKPI. This program,

Management and Conservation of Heritage

Cities or P3KP (Program Penataan dan

Pelestarian Kota Pusaka) aims on training of

capacity building for involved local

governments.

Recognizing their role in the planning,

implementation and monitoring of

management processes are some of the key

elements of the program. In the early stages,

there are 26 cities and regencies showing

their interest to participate in the program.

According to the Indonesian Monuments Law,

the local governments of these cities have a

great responsibility to conserve heritage. But,

budget is not unlimited. In this condition, the

capacities of the government to find other

sources need to be improved. Heritage

conservation on an urban scale is a relatively

new challenge in Indonesia and provides new

opportunities. When heritage preservation

can be integrated into todays society it could

generate social, urban and economic

benefits. To achieve this in practice, the

government should work together with other

stakeholders, including communities and the

private sector. One of the aspects of

capacities needed by the involved

governments is Public-Private Partnership

(PPP) models in managing urban historical

precincts.

2.2 Main objective

The goal of the Workshop was to stimulate a

wider understanding of PPP for heritage

conservation, including various PPP models

and approaches, to support participating

cities/regencies in developing a proposal for a

PPP project. These activities are part of a

framework to implement PPP in managing

urban historical precincts in several phases:

I. Preparation

Participants should be ready with a

proposal of a PPP project for heritage

conservation in their city/regency.

II. Workshop

Participants gain a wider

understanding of PPP models and

should develop their proposal to

implement a heritage project using

PPP.

III. Action plan

If participants hope to continue the

process the PPP proposal will be

elaborated into a follow up Action

Plan.

IV. Pilot projects

Participating cities present their

Action Plan to MoPW and BPPI and

pilot projects will be appointed.

During preparation period participants had to

produce an analysis of their cities and a

mapping of stakeholders that will involve in

PPP implementation. It is a sort of feasibility

overview of PPP potentials and risks in

managing urban historical precincts including

investors potential lists, social geographic

mapping, historical building survey, etc. After

the workshop, participants will make a follow-

up action plan which could be implemented in

their city/regency as an appointed pilot

project. Dissemination of the plans will be in

an exhibition, also celebrating the World


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Town Planning Day in November 2013 and

Indonesian Heritage Year 2013.

In total 10 JKPI cities/regencies participated

in the workshop: Banda Aceh, Sawahlunto,

Palembang, Bogor, Semarang, Yogyakarta,

Banjarmasin, Baubau, Denpasar and

Karangasem. According to the MoPW, it is

expected that from 10 cities/regencies there

will be 5 cities that will serve as a pilot

projects in 2014.

2.3 Organization

The Workshop was mandatory for Heritage

Cities Team from the 10 cities/regencies

participating in the workshop. Each

city/regency send representatives from the

heritage city team. In addition, the workshop

allowed some people interested in heritage

management to be selected as observers. A

public forum and relating events/meetings

with public officials and private organizations

were organized to gain general attention and

to emphasise the importance of PPP for

heritage conservation. Resource persons

during the workshop were experts that are

appointed by RCE, as well as from the BPPI

and MoPW and supported by Heritage Cities

Facilitators Team. RCE provided contribution

represented by Donovan Rypkema (President

Heritage Strategies International) and Peter

Timmer (Consultant RCE) as resource

persons and appointed Hasti Tarekat as

coordinator for this workshop. Punto

Wijayanto (BPPI) contributed as resource

person and coordinated the P3KP Facilitator

Team in Indonesia. MoPW provided venue at

the office of the ministry. All facilitators will

monitor the progress of the proposals in de

post-workshop phase.

Location of the 10 JKPI cities/regencies

participating in the workshop.


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3. PROCEEDINGS

3.1 Preparation

Implementing PPP for heritage conservation

requires a thorough understanding of the

concept and practices. This is especially true

when implementation is intended in a

different context, which is the Indonesian

context in this matter. Therefore Punto

Wijayanto of BPPI came to the Netherlands in

early March 2013 to study PPP practices in

different places for preparation of his

contribution to the workshop. Together with

the representative of BPPI in the Netherlands,

Hasti Tarekat and accompanied by RCE, he

visited several PPP projects in Dongeradeel,

the town of Nagele (Municipality

Noordoostpolder) and the cities of Utrecht

and Eindhoven. The local authorities of

Eindhoven and Noordoostpolder very kindly

hosted their visit and provided

comprehensive information about PPP

application, respectively regarding Strijp

S/International School and Implementation

Lab Nagele. Furthermore, they visited

Stadsherstel Amsterdam, where they were

informed about the ins and outs of the

stadsherstel approach and explored

completed restoration projects in Amsterdam,

such as Pakhuis de Zwijger, a former

warehouse.

Successful PPP in managing historical urban

precincts depends on a wide range of topics

that should be taken into account. Therefore,

participating cities/regencies were given an

assignment beforehand. Main goal of the

assignment was to provide a common

starting point for the participants to advance

discussion and to explore sensing

implementation opportunities of the projects

proposals presented by the cities during the

workshop. First, the proposal had to focus on

an area or building concerned and give

insight in historical features, its economic and

urban context, spatial planning and

legislation, plans for the future and (possible)

private stakeholders involved. The

participants were asked to integrate this

assignment in their proposal for a PPP

project. The assignment was developed in

close cooperation between RCE and BPPI.

Strijp S information center

in the city of Eindhoven.

Explanation by the Municipality of Eindhoven about

the International School.


19

3.2. Workshop material

The participating cities/regencies received

several documents related to the subject of

the workshop, such as:

I. Public-Private Partnerships and Heritage: A

Practitioners Guide, by Donovan

Rypkemaand Caroline Cheong (Heritage

Strategies International, 2012).

This publication focuses on the application of

public-private partnershipsf or individual

heritage buildings. It aims to highlight and

simplify the explanation of PPP arrangements

so that practitioners whose work involves

heritage resources may explore the use of

these partnerships when looking for new uses

for their historic buildings. More information

about how to obtain this publication is

available at http://www.hs-intl.com/

resources/publications.

II. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in

Managing Historical Urban Precincts: Best

Practices and Lessons Learned in the

Netherlands, by Peter Timmer (RCE, 2013).

Paper contributed to the Workshop Public-

Private Partnership (PPP) in Managing

Historical Urban Precincts (Jakarta,

Indonesia, 6-8 May 2013). This paper gives

insight in several heritage building- and area-

based PPP projects in the Netherlands, in

particular the most common applications of

PPP: stadsherstel approach, integrated

approach and community-based approach.

This paper can be found in Appendix 2.

Assignment participants workshop PPP

I. Profile of the area concerned

I.1. General Description of the area concerned: location, size, etc.

I.2. History of the area concerned.

II. Mapping urban functions

II.1. Which urban functions (retail, dwelling, public, etc.) can be found in the area

concerned?

II.2. What cultural activity can be found in the area concerned? How is the area

concerned connected to the social and cultural life of the inhabitants?

II.3. What are the economic and future prospects of these functions in this area?

III. Mapping spatial planning

III.1. How is land use control and zone planning regulated in the area concerned?

III.2. Are there (significant) urban developments foreseen in the area?

III.3. Whats the (long term) vision of the local authority on the future for the area

concerned?

IV. Historical buildings survey

IV.1. How is cultural heritage management regulated in the area concerned?

IV.2. To what extend are financial incentives for heritage preservation present?

IV.3. Which historical buildings could be considered for safeguarding by PPP?

IV.4. Who are the owners of these historical buildings?

V. Stakeholders analysis

V.1. Which public and private stakeholders are involved in the area concerned?

V.2. Which stakeholders could have economic/cultural/social interest in participating in

PPP?

V.3. Who are key players in the private sector to engage for PPP?

Table 1. Assigment given beforehand to

the participant of the workshop.


20

III. Public and Private Partnership on Cultural

Heritage Projects, by Dr. Amiluhur Soeroso

(BPPI, 2013)

The concept of PPP is already introduced by

the Indonesian government. However, it is

merely about the PPP approach to support an

infrastructure project, such as highways. This

paper focuses on the possibility to apply PPP

heritage in the Indonesian context and can

be found in Appendix 3.

IV. Financing Heritage Project: Stadsherstel

Approach in Indonesian Context, by Punto

Wijayanto (BPPI, 2013).

Paper contributed to the Workshop Public-

Private Partnership (PPP) in Managing

Historical Urban Precincts (Jakarta,

Indonesia, 6-8 May 2013) focusing on the

stadsherstel approach. Since its founding in

1956, 55 years ago, the company of

Stadsherstel Amsterdam has developed into a

restoration company for all kinds of historic

buildings and monuments in an urban or rural

environment. It not only restores, but also

preserves them in such manner, that the

character of the building is left intact and that

further development will not cause any

damage to the architecture, or change it in

any way. The context between Indonesia and

the Netherlands is of course different. The

possibility to replicate the stadsherstel

approach depends on the understanding of

both contexts. This paper can be found in

Appendix 4.

3.3 Workshop activities

A detailed schedule of the Workshop can be

found in Appendix 1. In summary, activities

and events that took place during the

workshop are as follows:

Excursion Kota Tua

Resource persons, BPPI and the Facilitators

Team visited Kota Tua, Jakarta Old City, on

Sunday May the 5th. This excursion was

organized to get acquainted and discuss the

workshop activities. The lack of economic

significance of this urban district for the city

and state of dilapidation of many heritage

buildings gave a good impression of the

challenges Indonesia face when it comes to

managing historical urban precincts. On the

other hand, visiting successful privately

initiated adaptive reuse projects, such as

Toko Murah and Caf Batavia in Jakarta,

showed private investors see economic

opportunities in heritage preservation.

Resource persons, facilitators team and some of the particpants at the

Ministry of Public Works (venue of the workshop).


21

Public Forum

The Workshop started with a Public Forum,

Module 1 of the Workshop, on Monday May

the 6th. This forum was open for public on

invitation, to generate public attention for the

Workshops objective. Over 100 people from

the public and private sector attended this

forum, which was opened by Dadang

Rukmana of MoPW and proceded with official

speeches and presentation by the resource

persons. Donovan Rypkema spoke about

economic benefits of heritage preservation,

Peter Timmer about protection by

development as part of Dutch policy on

heritage conservation and Punto Wijayanto

delivered a presentation about the

stadsherstel approach. Robert Tambunan

(owner Toko Merah, a restored historical

building) and Arya Abieta (Indonesian

Architects Association/IAI) presented

Indonesian examples of successful privately

initiated heritage projects. After a discussing,

moderated by Laretna T. Adishakti (BPPI), a

press conference was held. This led to several

news articles in primarily Jakarta-based

media, such as Kompas, the largest daily

newspaper in Indonesia.

Presentation of the Proposals

After the public forum participating

cities/regencies presented their proposal for a

PPP project to the resource persons. In

general, this gave a proper insight in the

diversity and distinctiveness of the heritage

buildings or areas concerned, as well as the

adaptive reuse or urban development project

proposed. It is apparent that few participants

understood how to elaborate PPP approach to

heritage project. At the end of the day

participants were given a questionnaire

regarding points of interest to consider for

further elaboration of the proposals. These

questions were later used as review material

by the resource persons (see Table 2).

PPP models and discussion

Module 2 of the workshop, on Tuesday May

the 7th, started with an extensive

presentation of the resource persons about

PPP practices, under supervision of Azwir

Malaon (Directorate General of Spatial

Planning, MoPW). Donovan Rypkema focused

on the basic principles of PPP and various

implementation models and PPP project in

the US and the rest of the world. Peter

Timmer gave more insight in PPP models and

types of organizations of Dutch practice, in

particular when it comes to the stadsherstel

approach, integrated approach and

community-based approach. Furthermore

Punto Wijayanto gave a presentation about

the stadsherstel practice and Indonesian

context of financing heritage project and

Amiluhur Soeroso focused on PPP practice in

Indonesia. There was a lot of response and

discussing during Module 2. Participants

connected the given information about PPP to

their own proposal.

Public Forum at the Ministry

of Public Works.

Article in

newspaper

Kompas.


22

Sawahlunto

Who are the partners? x

What is the form of the PPP? x

What is the estimated total amount of money?

What are the primary barriers? x

What are identified funding sources? x

Is there a Pilot of the pilot? x

What are the roles of each partner? x

Who locally has PPP experience?

What are any legislative problems?

What is the direct connection between your PPP

project and heritage?

x

Elaborate Proposals Reviewed

The last day of the workshop, on Wednesday

May the 8th, resource person reviewed the

proposals. Before that, all participants

elaborated their proposal using the

questionnaire given on Monday. Participants

from Sawahlunto could clearly present a

proposal on adaptive reuse of a Chinese

house to become a coffee shop. They also

identified different parties which would be

involved in the process. The other

participants were discussing their projects,

which unfortunately gave less opportunities

to integrate the aspects for application of a

PPP approach.

3.4 Related events

Apresiasi Pusaka Indonesia (Appreciation of

Indonesian Heritage)

With support from Hasjim Djojohadikusumo,

BPPI organized an event Apresiasi Pusaka

Indonesia (API) - to honour Ir. Amran Nur

(Mayor of Sawahlunto) and Dwi Cahyono

(businessman and heritage enthusiast based

in Malang) for their outstanding effort for

safeguarding Indonesian heritage. Invited for

this event were, among others, the Embassy

of the Netherlands, CEO's of private

entrepreneurs, board members of BPPI and

governmental officials, including Minister of

Public Work, Joko Kirmanto. During this

event Dononvan Rypkema gave a

presentation about economic benefits of

historical preservation. PPP as a tool to

generate economic value and to achieve

heritage conservation was widely spoken.

Punto Wijayanto used this opportuny to

introduce Stadsherstel Amsterdam and its

Table 2. Questionnaire

regarding points of interest

to consider for elaboration

of the proposals, reviewed

by the resource persons.

This table is an reviewed

example of Sawahluntos

proposal.


23

approach to safeguard heritage in

Amsterdam.

Meeting Governor of Jakarta

Joko Widodo or Jokowi, Governor of Jakarta,

invited BPPI to discuss about heritage

conservation in Jakarta. BPPI asked Donovan

Rypkema to join BPPI to meet the Governor,

while Peter Timmer and Punto Wijayanto

reviewed the project proposals at the end of

the workshop. The main discussion of the

meeting was to inform about the PPP

Workshop and possibilities to implement it in

Jakarta. The Governor has asked BPPI and

Donovan Rypkema about ideas, plans and

strategies to revitalize the old part of Jakarta,

Kota Tua.


24


25

4. OUTCOMES

4.1 Favourable conditions

During the workshop, resource persons

together with the participants managed to

identify the favourable and unfavourable

conditions for implementing PPP for heritage

conservation in Indonesia.

Existing favourable conditions for

implementing PPP for heritage conservation

in Indonesia are:

1. At least two Indonesian ministries work

together with 28 Indonesian municipalities

in a program on supporting preservation

of cultural heritage and conservation by

development of historical inner cities.

2. Emerged during the 1980s and grown ever

since, Indonesia has a well-organized

network of NGOs focusing on heritage

conservation, including a national

umbrella organization (BPPI) established

in 2003. These NGOs could play a vital

role in the implementation of PPP by

providing conservation knowledge or even

initiate and contribute to the foundation of

PPP organizations.

3. Indonesia has a history of 40 years of

working with PPP in infrastructure

projects, such as highways and public

works. This provides Indonesia

experience, skills and training in PPP

practice.

4. In the Netherlands, PPP and heritage

conservation have been implemented by

several organization models. Because the

governmental framework and system of

legal entities are quite similar in

Indonesia, adaptation to the Indonesian

context is relative easy.

Existing unfavourable conditions for

implementing PPP for heritage conservation

in Indonesia are:

1. There is no regulation yet for

implementing PPP for heritage

conservation that provides legal support

for combined public and private financing.

Excisting regulations on PPP only focus on

infrastructure projects, such as Peraturan

Presiden No. 56/2011 (Presidents Decree)

and Permen Menteri Perencanaan

Pembangunan Nasional/Kepala Bappenas

No. 3/2010 (Ministry Regulation).

2. To a large extent, conservation of built

heritage by governments in Indonesia is

focussing on government-owned

properties. Most heritage assets in historic

areas however, belong to private owners,

instead of the government. To implement

PPP and heritage conservation,

municipalities should find a way to deal

with different owners and should initiate

cooperation with involved stakeholders.

Organization Dutch Indonesian

Association

Vereniging Asosiasi

Foundation

Stichting Yayasan

Private limited

liability company

Besloten

Vennootschap (BV)

Perseroan

Terbatas (PT)

Public limited

liability company

Naamloze

Vennootschap (NV)

- PT Terbuka

- PT Tertutup

Table 3. The system

of legal entities in

the Netherlands and

Indonesia is similar,

providing

opportunities to

implement PPP and

heritage

conservation in the

Indonesian context.


26

4.2 PPP opportunities

A short summary of reviewed conclusions

regarding the project proposals of the

participating cities/regencies is set out below.

Mentioned PPP models are based on most

common applications of PPP in the

Netherlands: stadsherstel approach,

integrated approach and community-based

approach (Appendix 2).

City/Regency Project Description PPP Model and Reference

Sawahlunto Adaptive reuse (including industrial heritage)

Stadsherstel Approach Integrated Approach, Contract Model (DBFMO) Reference: BOEI BV

Banjarmasin Upgrading riverside of Martapura river and adding new floating markets

Integrated Approach Reference: City Government of Breda WIHCC (Water in Historic City Centres)

Semarang Rehabilitation/revitalization old city centre

Stadsherstel Approach, part of a urban strategy for the whole area Reference: Rehabilitation Dutch historic cities

Karangasem Reuse heritage directly related to landscape

Community-based Approach Landscape &Trust Approach Reference: Gelderland Trust for Historic Houses and Natural Landscape

Bogor Urban (re-)development and adaptive reuse, revitalizing public space along Surya Kencana street

Integrated Approach, Alliance Model Stadsherstel Approach, part of a strategy for the whole area Reference: Quito, Ecuador

Banda Aceh Gampong Pande burial ground integrated in a new recreational building complex

Integrated Approach Integrated Approach: Contract Model

Palembang Musi riverside redevelopment, heritage preservation, public transport

Integrated Approach, Alliance Model Stadsherstel Approach, part of a strategy for the whole area Reference: Riverside development American en European cities

Yogyakarta Redevelopment of Malioboro district and conservation of several heritage buildings

Integrated Approach, Alliance Model Stadsherstel Approach, part of a strategy for the whole area Reference: Revolving Fund, National Restoration Fund (NRF)

Baubau

Conservation of Benteng Wolio district

Community-based Approach Stadsherstel Approach Reference: Village Development Company, Dongeradeel

Table 4. Summary of the projects and

input given regarding PPP opportunities.


27

4.3 Follow up feasibility

The participating municipalities presented

interesting and unique project proposals.

Some of them are ready to take the next step

in preparing implementation of PPP. However,

working on 10 cities is probably too vast at

the moment. It is better to start with a small

group of pilot projects, in such a way

successful pilot projects can be a reference

for other PPP projects.

Sawahluntos proposal for adaptive reuse of a

Chinese house has much potential for

implementing PPP. Further action should be

given to this city to find a suitable model

(stadsherstel or integrated) or reference.

Semerang provides opportunities for

implementing a stadsherstel model on an

urban scale. The city could start with a small

initial PPP project, but to succeed on a urban

scale a long term strategy regarding feasible

urban functions, attracting private investors

and city branding is evident.

When it comes to a community-based

approach, together with stadsherstel

elements, Baubau offers opportunities.

Palembang and Yogyakarta could be suitable

for a stadsherstel and integrated approach.

This should start with preparing a vision and

redevelopment plan. When these are already

available an implementation strategy should

be added.

4.4 Additional requests

During the workshop:

- Dr. Dadang Rukmana, Director of Urban

Planning and Development at DG Spatial

Planning (MoPW) requested more

information about and assistance on

implementation of Protection by

Development policy.

- All municipalities also showed interest in

further information to develop their

proposals such as:

Palembang is interested in more

information about river- and seaside

urban development.

Bogor is interested in more information

on a project in Quito, Ecuador where

the local government and local

ventures closely cooperate.

Yogyakarta requested more

information about the Revolving Fund

Principle by National Restoration Fund.

Banjarmasin is interested in more

information about Water in Historical

City Centre (WIHCC) project in Breda.


28


29

5. CONCLUSIONS

Project proposals presented by the

participating cities/regencies showed a wide

range of plans. Some proposals are more

feasible for implementing PPP than others.

Nevertheless, they all have an important

asset in common because they aim on

utilizing heritage to develop the area or

building complex involved. In this, the cities

even inspired each other with their proposals

which directly showed the importance of the

JKPI program: namely exchange of

knowledge that contributes to managing

historical urban precincts.

The outcomes of the reviews of the projects

provide a starting point to introduce PPP.

Elaboration may require additional knowledge

about PPP models or urban strategies that

support implementation of the project. Dutch

institutions such as Stadsherstel Amsterdam

and RCE offered assistance. But first,

cooperation with the private sector in the

involved cities/regencies needs specific

attention in the following steps if PPP wants

to succeed and become an important tool to

achieve the goal of the project.

Beside specific project support, it became

clear during the workshop there also is a

need for a general support to the

cities/regencies by an overall national policy

and dissemination of knowledge. This

national policy should also provide favourable

conditions to implement PPP in managing

historical precincts and show, for example by

best practices, that heritage conservation and

economic/urban development can

complement to each other (protection by

development). In this way heritage

conservation becomes a common interest in

todays society and stimulates public and

private cooperation to safeguard heritage for

future generations in Indonesia.

During the workshop participants gained a

wider understanding of PPP models. As

mentioned above, there is still a need to

elaborate their proposals to continue the

process. Some of the proposals still have to

produce or strengthen a direct connection

between a PPP project and heritage

conservation. The best way to continue the

program is by focusing on a small group of

pilot projects.

Existing favourable conditions create unique

possibilities for implementing PPP in

managing historical urban precincts in

Indonesia. Undeniable it will be a challenge

and some pilot cases could even fail.

Nevertheless, if determination and long term

focus can be assured, Indonesia can set a

striking example in Asia and the rest of the

world.


30


31

Appendix 1

Workshop Schedule


32


33

SCHEDULE of

PUBLIC FORUM AND WORKSHOP on

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN MANAGING HISTORICAL URBAN PRECINCTS

Day-1 : Monday 6May 2013

Time (WIB) Materi PiC Opening Venue :DG of Spatial Planning (DJPR) 8th floor

08.00-08.45 Registration *Invitation: Open for Public

DJPR PU/BPPI

Opening by MC

08.45-09.00 Commitee Report Dr. Dadang Rukmana

DJPR PU

09.00-09.30

Welcoming Speeches: 1. I Gede Ardika/BPPI 2. Peter Timmer MA/RCE

3. Dr. Ir. M.BasukiHadimulyono, MSc./DG of Spatial Planning

DJPR PU/BPPI

09.30-09.45 Plaque DJPR PU Public Forum/Modul 1: Economy of Heritage Conservation Venue : DG of Spatial Planning (DJPR) 8th floor

09.45-10.30 Economy of Heritage Speaker: Donovan Rypkema

DJPR PU

10.30-11.15 Heritage Conservation in the Netherlands Speaker: Peter Timmer MA

DJPR PU

11.15-11.45 Introduction of Stadsherstel Speaker: Punto Wijayanto

DJPR PU

11.45-12.15 Heritage Conservation in Indonesia - Case of Jakarta Old Town Speaker: Robert Tambunan (owner Toko Merah, Jakarta Old City) & Ir. Arya Arbieta, IAI

DJPR PU

12.15-13.00 Discussion Moderator: Dr. Laretna T. Adishakti

DJPR PU

13.00-13.15 Plaque and Joint Photos DJPR PU Closing by MC

13.15-15.00 Lunch Press Conference

DJPR PU

Training on PPP Project Venue : DG of Spatial Planning (DJPR) 3th floor

15.00-15.30 1. Explanation of Process and Goals 2. Schedule Overview

DJPR PU

15.30-15.45 Coffee Break DJPR PU

15.45-18.00 Review of the RAKP DJPR PU/All Facilitators

18.00-19.00 Dinner DJPR PU

19.00-21.00 Review of the RAKP DJPR PU/All Facilitators


34

Day -2: Tuesday 7 May 2013

Time (WIB) Materi PiC Modul 2:PPP Project on Heritage Conservation Venue : DG of Spatial Planning (DJPR) 3th floor

Sesi 1 08.00-09.30

Basic of PPP Heritage Speaker: Donovan Rypkema

DJPR PU/BPPI

09.30-10.00 Coffee Break

Sesi 2 10.00-11.30

Preparation of PPP Project on Heritage Conservation Speaker: Peter Timmer MA Moderator sesi 1&2: Dadang Rukmana

DJPR PU/BPPI

11.30 12.30 Lunch and Pray Modul3:PPP Heritagein Indonesian Context Venue : DG of Spatial Planning (DJPR) 3th floor

Sesi 3 12.30-14.00

PPP heritage, regulation and heritage management in Indonesia Speaker: Dr. Amiluhur Soeroso

DJPR PU/BPPI

Sesi 4 14.00-15.30

Stadsherstel in Indonesian Heritage Cities Context Speaker: Punto Wijayanto Moderator sesi 3&4: Azwir Malaon

DJPR PU/BPPI

15.30-15.45 Coffee Break DJPR PU/BPPI Exercise and Presentation Venue : DG of Spatial Planning (DJPR) 3th floor

Sesi 5 15.45-17.00

1. Review of PPP Heritage Proposal 2. Brief of the exercise by Donovan/Peter Moderator: Dr. Widya Wijayanti

DJPR PU/All Facilitators

17.00-19.00 Dinner

19.00-22.00 Preparing for the Presentation/live streaming API DJPR PU/All Facilitators

Apresiasi Pusaka Indonesia (API) Venue : Hotel Intercontinental (invitation only)

19.00-21.30

1. Apresiasi Pusaka Indonesia 2. Presentation by Donovan Rypkema 3. Dinner 4. Dialogue Host: Catrini P. Kubontubuh/Kania Sutisnawinata

BPPI

Day-3: Wednesday 8 May 2013

Time (WIB) Activity PiC Modul 3: Exercise and Presentation

Sesi 6 08.00-09.30

1. Presentation 1-5/@15 2. Comments by Donovan/Peter Moderator: Dani B. Ishak


09.30 -10.00 Coffee Break

Sesi 7 10.00-11.30

1. Presentation 6-10/@15 2. Comments by Donovan/Peter Moderator: Hardini Sumono


11.30-12.30 Lunch and Pray Exercise and Presentation

Sesi 8 12.30-14.00

Recommendations and Follow-Up Action Plan Subdit Pengaturan-Dit. Perkotaan/BPPI

DJPR PU/BPPI

Sesi 9 14.00-15.30

Briefing of inventory preparation Subdit Pengaturan-Dit. Perkotaan

DJPR PU/BPPI

Closing


35

Appendix 2

Paper contributed to the workshop, by Peter Timmer


36


37

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Managing Historical

Urban Precincts1 Best Practices and Lessons Learned in the Netherlands

By: P.J. Timmer MA

Cultural Heritage Agency

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science

The Netherlands

e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) can be implemented through a wide range of applications. The

urban, social and economic context of the area concerned and ambitions of the involved

stakeholders often dictate the way a PPP project is put into practice. This also accounts for PPP in

managing historical urban precincts in the Netherlands. This paper gives insight in several PPP

projects in the Netherlands, in particular management activities undertaken to accomplish heritage

conservation and development. Which lessons can be learned?

PPP and Heritage in the Netherlands

In many cases we can confidently entrust this care to the current owners and users. () It is in their

own interest to combine present use with sustainable preservation. But leaving this care to citizens,

private managers and companies is not always possible. () Some heritage tasks lie beyond the

benefit, the interests, the support or the knowledge of owners and users. When public interests or

responsibilities come into play, the government enters the scene. The role of government

supplements the role of owners and private initiators.2 To a great extent, the system of preserving

heritage sites in the Netherlands is based on this public-private interaction. PPPs go even beyond

mere public-private interaction. Public stakeholders dont only facilitate public-private interaction,

but also participate in it. PPP is a legal agreement between public and private parties to achieve a

common objective and when it comes to managing historical urban precincts, it is reflected in a

project that assures conservation of heritage buildings or sites. In this, the Netherlands has a long

history.

1 Paper contributed to the Workshop Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Managing Historical Urban Precincts (Jakarta,

Indonesia, 6-8 May 2013). This workshop is executed within the joined Indonesian-Dutch cooperation on Mutual Heritage and is organized by the Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Ministry of Public Work in Indonesia (MoPW), the Indonesian Heritage Trust (BPPI) and the Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency (RCE). Goal of the workshop is to prepare PPP project plans for heritage conservation in 10 Indonesian cities, members of the Indonesian Heritage Cities Network (JKPI). 2 Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (2011), Character in Focus, Vision for Heritage and Spatial Planning, p. 6.


38

The stadsherstel approach, which mainly emerged in the 1970s, has been and is very successful in

safeguarding Dutch built heritage in historic inner cities. This is especially true in the case of stock

corporations, which own, purchase, restore and lease heritage buildings. PPP and heritage

conservation in urban redevelopment areas is more a concept of the urban planning and

development sector. It is usually accomplished by installing a redevelopment agency or private

limited liability company and adaptive re-use and preservation of built heritage is established by an

integrated approach which is called integrated conservation. Recently, due to the economic crisis

and in areas facing population decline, alternative PPP projects emerge. In those cases PPP is an

important tool to improve the living environment and manage historical precincts by a community-

based approach.

Stadsherstel Approach

Combating decay

The Dutch word stadsherstel is often used by Dutch organizations that restore and preserve

heritage buildings. The word itself can best be translated as city repair or city recovery.

Approximately 40 stadsherstel organizations exist in the Netherlands and some were even founded

by private initiative before the Second World War.3 Visiting a Dutch historic city nowadays, one will

question oneself what is there to recover? Most historic cities are well maintained areas and

significant economic, social and cultural centers of the local community. Before the Second World

War and especially in the 1950s and 1960s however, many urban neighborhoods hardly had any

economic perspective and even suffered social degradation. Inhabitants moved away to newly built

suburbs. Due to lack of maintenance, the citys building stock deteriorated rapidly. At the same time

local governmental institutions had radical plans for city renewal and modernization of city centers.

This resulted in demolishing old and dilapidated neighborhoods to be replaced by large-scale office

and apartment buildings and infrastructure.

Public and private initiative on heritage preservation focused mainly on a few highlights of Dutch

built heritage. Halfway the 1960s the situation changed and intellectuals and inhabitants of Dutchs

cities widely opposed against the demolishment of old neighborhoods. This supported new

conservation activities and had a great impact on the national policy for city renewal and heritage

preservation in the 1970s. The Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Spatial Planning began to

cooperate closely in a nationwide programme on rehabilitation of (to be) protected townscapes.

Planning methods were made to vitalize the historic cities and at the same time restore built

heritage. New regulation was developed to finance it. A newly found gas field in the north of the

Netherlands and its profitable exploitation in the 1970s offered financial support to the national

programme. To have access to funding, rehabilitation plans and multiannual rehabilitation

programmes were made by governmental institutions.

3 Het Behouden Huis is the umbrella federation of the stadsherstel organizations and serves as an overall consultation

body. http://www.federatiebehoudenhuis.nl/


39

The emphasis was on developing a cartographic reproduction of an action plan which indicated

structures that need to be restored. This action plan was based on a synthesis of mapping historical

features, technical condition of the building stock, allocated urban functions and development risks

and opportunities. Land use control assured the presence of vital functions in the protected

townscapes. In the 1980s a national city renewal fund was installed as follow up of earlier financial

regulation. Stadsherstel organizations played a significant role in the execution of rehabilitation

programmes. One could say they made it all practicably possible and in several cities stadsherstel

organizations were even founded for that purpose. Nowadays, stadsherstel organizations still play an

important role in preserving heritage buildings in Dutch cities. This is partly because of a favourable

economic climate in the cities and supporting heritage management, including financial incentives

provided by public and private organizations and due to contributions of national funds.

Types of organizations

A stadsherstel organization is usually bound to the city where its founded. Some operate regional or

were founded to target on an entire province. A few stadsherstel organizations, or similar

organizations, function nationwide and focus on a specific theme. What the stadsherstel

organizations have in common is that they exist by the grace of private initiative and public-private

interaction. The way they are organized varies considerably and can be generally classified in four

organization models:

I. Association model:A vereniging (association) is a nonprofit body formed by a group of members,

volunteers, who agreed on accomplishing a specific purpose. The associations income relies on

member fees, legacies, donations, fund raising and sometimes long term leasing of properties.

II. Foundation model:A stichting (foundation) is a nonprofit private entity to accomplish a specific

purpose. Foundations rely on donations and fund raising. Foundations can make profit but have to

invest it into new projects or activities according to the main charity purpose.

III. Private limited liability company model: In the Netherlands these kind of companies are referred

to as Besloten Vennootschap (B.V.) and are commercial enterprises owned by shareholders. It is an

exclusive or closed partnership and its stocks are not for sale on open markets.

IV. Public limited liability company model: Referred to as Naamloze Vennootschap (N.V.): nameless

partnerships or anonymous ventures. They are also owned by shareholders, with the difference

that shares are not registered to owners and may be traded on the public stock market.

Stadsherstel in practice

In the case of a stadsherstel approach, the association model is rare. The historic houses association

Vereniging Hendrick de Keyser is the most striking example. Founded by a group of merchants from

Amsterdam in 1918, it operates nation-wide and targets on obtaining a collection of unique buildings

reflecting Dutch build history. The collection encompasses about 396 properties in more than 100

cities and villages. Its income, making costly upkeep and restoration projects possible, comes from

the long term leasing of properties, membership fees, legacies and donations, as well as public and


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private fund raising. Membership is open to all. The association now has about 4000 members for

whom activities are being organized, among which lectures, visits to properties and guided tours,

encouraging everyone to enjoy our national heritage.4

Private limited liability companies are also rare when it comes to a stadsherstel approach. BOEi B.V.

is a successful example and focuses on preservation, development and exploitation of industrial

heritage. It functions nation-wide, owns 48 properties and is specialized in reallocating industrial

heritage. BOEis organization type makes it possible for them to work as developer, investor or

advisor. They start a project with a feasibility study for adaptive reuse, preventing decay, purchase

the property and pursue suitable economic functions that assure the preservation of heritage

features. Preservation is financed by governmental financial incentives, fund raising, low interest

loans and deposited share-capital. Among the shareholders of BOEi B.V. are some of the largest

private banks and real estate developers of the Netherlands as well as a national public fund.

Foundations and public limited liability companies are the most common organization types of

stadsherstel in the Netherlands. They contributed the most in rehabilitating dilapidated built heritage

in Dutch cities, especially since national policy stimulated it from the 1970s. A stadsherstel

foundation provides a relatively easy way to execute singular conservation projects depending on

directly available public financial incentives. They buy a property, restore it and sell it again at a

profit, to provide the source of funding for future projects. A public limited liability company

however, buys a property, restores it and gains income by leasing the property. Its organization is

also part of a long term agreement between private and public stakeholders. Financial incentives and

additional fund raising are still important, but due to its long term focus they can also rely on

deposited share-capital and therefore provide a more sustainable alternative.

Customized needs

In general a large amount of stadsherstel foundations and approximately 11 public limited liability

companies in the Netherlands aim to preserve built heritage. Depending on the local situation and

local wishes, implementation of a stadsherstel model is sometimes divided or combined. In the city

of Enkhuizen for example, stadsherstel is divided into a foundation and a public limited liability

company to avoid investment risks in case of temporary bad stock markets. In the city of Utrecht the

foundation Utrechts Monumentfonds also covers long term ownership. Foundations are sometimes

even incorporated in regular housing cooperatives. Stadsherstel Amsterdam N.V. and many others

are public limited liability companies and housing or stock corporations at the same time. They

combine all kind of activities and because of the economic and cultural benefits for the city, private

and public stakeholders constitute a partnership.

Looking back at more than 60 years of stadsherstel experience, the public limited liability company

model has proven to be the most sustainable concept of PPP in managing historical urban precincts

in the Netherlands. Public and private stakeholders truly form an alliance and both benefit when it

comes to heritage preservation. Over the years, just one company didnt succeed and faced

4 Vereniging Hendrick de Keyser: http://www.hendrickdekeyser.nl/


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bankruptcy in 2011. The small organization N.V. Stadsherstel Leeuwarden invested in restoration of

two properties but tenants or buyers couldnt be found. Unlike the economic, vital and centrally

located cities in the western parts of the Netherlands, Leeuwarden is located in the less economic

prosperous northern part of the country where rental and stock markets are affected substantially by

the recent economic crisis. Nevertheless, installation of a new stadsherstel organization is being

considered in Leeuwarden at the moment, because there is a local need to it for the sake of heritage

preservation and local private and public stakeholders believe in the concept of stadsherstel.

Integrated Approach

Guiding urban (re-)development

A distinctive feature of historic city centers is its functional diversity and large densely populated

urban context. The economic, cultural and social significance for the local community makes mutual

public and private interest self-evident. Because ownership of heritage buildings in historic cities is

extremely divers, stadsherstel adds up well as an appropriate approach. When this is part of a wider

rehabilitation programme or planning scheme, which objective is to revitalize cities, one could say

stadsherstel is an integrated approach. An integrated approach directly related to PPP however, has

a different scope and aims on urban (re-)development of unused or isolated urban areas or a

complex of buildings by private commercial initiative. When significant public interest is involved,

public and private stakeholders form an alliance and introduce PPP, for example when the urban

development or new building project has an economic or cultural value to the community. Cultural

heritage can be such an asset.

Urban development and heritage preservation are often seen as ones enemies. Development leads

to the destruction of heritage. Preservation, in turn, requires financial incentives, whereas urban

development gains economic advantage. In actual fact, both of them complement to each other.

Unused heritage buildings or sites will not be preserved when there is no economic base to assure

maintenance. Lack of maintenance leads to deterioration and in the end to destruction. Hence, the

best way to preserve is to find new functions or stimulate adaptive reuse and heritage sites will have

a sustainable future again. This can be achieved by economic development and urban planning. On

the other hand, economic and urban development can benefit from preservation of cultural heritage.

Utilizing heritage can make buildings or areas distinctive and adds attractiveness to the living

environment. This could appeal the new inhabitants, (new) property owners and even visitors and

therefore generates economic value.

Embedding heritage preservation in urban development projects is often called preservation

through development or protection by development in the Netherlands, which have evolved into a

common approach the last two decades. Internationally it could be compared with what is described

as integrated conservation. The PPP organization to achieve this objective is a concept of the urban

planning and development sector.5 Application could generally be categorized into alliance models

5 To support PPP in the Netherlands, supporting organizations have been founded, such as PPP-Network (including a

database on internet) and PPP-Support Helpdesk.


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and contract models, in which most likely private limited liability companies are installed to execute

the project(s). An alliance model aims to realize a common vision and consists of several construction

projects. The urban redevelopment of industrial estate Strijp-S in the city of Eindhoven is an

exceptional example. A contract model is more suitable for a single project and comes in different

kind of options, such as Design & Construct (D&C) or Design, Build, Finance, Maintain & Operate

(DBFMO). The latter, realization of an international school in an old military base, once again in

Eindhoven, is an interesting example.

Park Strijp Beheer B.V., Eindhoven

Eindhoven is a city in the southern province of Brabant. Home to electronica giant Philips (founded in

1891) the city is scattered with industrial heritage, such as Strijp-S district, a place where several

electrical devices were invented and produced. When the multinational firm decided to leave Strijp-

S, the City of Eindhoven and Philips made a Masterplan in 2001. Their ambition was to redevelop the

66 acres of Strijp-S into an extension of the inner city with a mix of living, working and recreation,

adaptive re-use, preservation and renovation of (listed) historic buildings included. With creativity

and culture being made visible and tangible in all facets, Strijp-S becomes The Creative City with an

unequalled character and personality, both in the Netherlands and abroad.6 To realize this ambition

the City of Eindhoven signed an agreement with a large private property developer. The Masterplan

was elaborated into a Urban Development Plan in 2004 that made clear which heritage buildings

would be preserved and were new functions, buildings and infrastructure would be added.

Several surveys were initiated to determine the most valuable historic features and to do research on

adaptive reuse. Because of these surveys historical assets such as pipelines and other industrial

installations in public space were integrated in the overall plan. Another interesting result was the

decision to preserve the former Scientific Laboratory, a non-listed structure that was supposed to be

replaced by apartment buildings. The fact that Albert Einstein once visited the building and it has

much historical significance for the local community, the plans were altered after a design contest

turning it into a movie theater and restaurant. An action plan for intensifying art and culture for

Strijp-S was executed in 2007. Zone planning and land use control was assured in 2008 and the

completion date of the project was set on 2018. To assure careful preservation there is a periodical

consulting meeting with heritage experts and heritage institutions to discuss the progress and

elaboration of projects.

To execute the projects in Strijp-S collaboration was arranged through a PPP construction, by

installing a private limited liability company called Park Strijp Beheer B.V. The City of Eindhoven and

the private property developer VolkerWessels are the main shareholders.Park Strijp Beheer B.V. is

responsible for organizing the realization of 75% of the plan for 1600 new apartments and 25% other

functions. Because of expected incomes from property sale, the city governments financial

contribution was set on budget neutral, although at first this seemed inconceivable. Strijp-S was a

former non-public closed area and not a place that would attract future inhabitants and

entrepreneurs easily. Therefore a marketing strategy was developed to enhance its creative

6 Park Strijp Beheer B.V., Brochure Strijp-S, p. 2.


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reputation. Cultural events made the property better known to the public and emphasized its

unique qualities and development opportunities. The result is that national and local activities take

place at Strijp-S regularly nowadays. Several newly built apartment blocks and adaptive re-use

projects have been realized and many are under preparation.

The presence of the nearby city center, a technical university and Airport Eindhoven creates

development opportunities which are generally favourable. Above all, Eindhovens ambition to be a

Brainport Region provides a perfect creative and investment climate for Strijp-S. According to the

Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) Eindhoven was the worlds smartest region in 2011, a top

technology breeding ground for innovation and home to world-class businesses, knowledge

institutes and research institutions. Together they design and manufacture the technology of the

future to ensure a safe, green and caring society and sustainable economic development of the

Netherlands.7 Nevertheless, due to the economic crisis, which has negative effects on property sale,

the current PPP may need adjustments. Expenses exceed income and the budget neutral goal is

probably not feasible anymore.

DBFMO International School Eindhoven

The former Constant Rebecque military base is located just north of Strijp-S in Eindhoven. Designed

in 1937-1938 by architect A.G.M. Boost, its buildings are listed and the site is situated in a

recreational landscape rich in forests between the city and the countryside. The City of Eindhoven

decided to transform the old military base into an international school campus for children of

expatriates, to enhance the ambition to be Brainport Region Eindhoven. Two locally based

international schools were interested to the idea and established a separate institute called

International School Eindhoven (ISE, 2009), to support the project and will provide education for

1150 students. Besides education, the project aims to be a meeting place for expatriates and their

children by providing day care, a mediacenter, two indoor playgrounds, an auditorium and a

cafeteria. Furthermore 300 parking places and several sporting facilities are being planned, such as a

sports hall, a football field and a athletics track.

Besides conversion into an international school, the City of Eindhoven wanted to maintain the green

character and historical features of the site. All these objectives were integrated in an Ambition

Document, which served as a masterplan. To ensure heritage preservation, two surveys were

produced, one focusing on the distinctive assets of the structure itself and one focusing on the

context of the building site. The first is called a building history exploration (Bouwhistorische

Verkenning) and the second a cultural historical exploration (Cultuurhistorische Verkenning). These

explorations dont only explain the history, both also determine the most valuable features and,

important as part of a design process, give recommendations what to do with it as starting point for

the future development. This eventually had an strong influence on the Ambition Document. For

instance, to preserve the former open military exercise area as an asset to the future development,

several new functions are built

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