PPDAC Review

1. Enter variables in spreadsheet.2. Choose variables.3. Create graphs.4. Gather graph information.5. Decide Replication Size6. Find Biases in replication7. Replicate experiment8. Find subjects.9. Give out survey.10.Remove biases from survey.11.Make histogram from survey.12.Design survey.13.Evaluate effectiveness of survey.

14. Research your thesis idea15. Develop Thesis16. Evaluate Thesis17. Write your report18. Experience the Hawthorne effect19. Decide how to do blinding20. Keep control group blinded21. Calculate placebo effectiveness22. Write up the effectiveness of the

placebo23. Work out how to randomly sample24. Randomly sample25. Randomly assign groups

Which phase of PPDAC?

None

Weak

Moderate

Strong

r

The Greatest Graph ever produced

Says Edward

Tufte

How many variables?

Identify 4 variables.

Identify 5 variables.

John SnowLondonCholera Ghost Map

Data MinerMark ZuckerbergCambridge AnalyticaDonald Trump

Blue KaiArtificial IntelligenceReal-Time BiddingDevice ID

Franklin D. RooseveltAlf Landon1936Literary DigestConvenience and Voluntary

Harry TrumanThomas Dewey1948GallupQuota Polling

Correlation CoefficientCoefficient of DeterminationPearson

Self TrackingNicholas FeltonFeltron.com

Google TrendsFlu

Icecream/CrimeSpuriousness

Dan ArielyCircles in boxesSocial norms vs. economic norms

Names and Examples

A. Errors in ConclusionsNo Causation (but is implied)Transferring Findings

B. Errors in Random AssignmentPlacebo EffectNo BlindingNo Double Blinding

C. Errors in SamplingConvenience SamplingSelf-SelectionSelection Bias

D. Observation ErrorsHawthorne EffectQuestion EffectsSocial Desirability BiasExperimenter Error

E. Motivation ErrorsFunding Bias

Biases and Errors

=average(A3:A6)=median(A3:A6)=mode(A3:A6)=count(A3:A6)=max(A3:A6)=min(A3:A6)

=correl(B3:B5, A3:A6) Y, X=rsq(B3:B5, A3:A6) Y, X=slope(B3:B5, A3:A6) Y, X=intercept(B3:B5, A3:A6) Y, X

One Variable Two Variable