pox herpes
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POX AND HERPESVIRUSESJaime A. Santos
Saturday, May 29, 2010
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Poxviruseslargest viruses
complex symmetrydouble-stranded DNAassembled in inclusion
bodies (Guarnieri bodies)
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Diseasesvariola (smallpox)
vaccinia
orf
cowpox
monkeypox
othe animal poxviruses
molluscum contagiosum
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Smallpoxonly infectious disease to have been eliminated by vaccination
2 forms: variola major (high mortality), variola minor
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Smallpox vaccination
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Molluscum contagiosum
diagnosis: molluscum bodies
treatment: cryotherapy or electrodesication
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Herpesviridae
HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV
EBV
CMV
HHV-6, 7, 8
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Characteristics
large, enveloped, icosahedral
encode DNA polymerase
latency, persistence
very common causes of infection
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HSV 1 and 2
HSV-1 more common in oral lesions; HSV-2 in genital lesions
majority asymptomatic; skin and mucous membrane lesions, encephalitis, keratitis
congenital infection
diagnosis: serology, culture
treatment: acyclovir and related drugs
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Herpes simplex 1
and 22 different viruses related
to each otherlatency in nerve ganglia
reactivation
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Varicella-zoster virus
chickenpoxHerpes zoster (reactivation)
congenital varicella
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Varicella (chickenpox)
self-limiting; incubation 2 weeks
milder in children
severe in neonates whoe mothers had chickenpox <5 days prior to delivery, in adults and in immunocompromised
diagnosis often clinical but can be cultured
treatment: acyclovir
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Epstein-Barr virus
infects B lymphocytes - receptor is complement receptor on B cell
B cell infection leads to immortalization and polyclonal B cell stimulation
transmitted thru saliva
causes infectious mononucleosis
possibility of inducing transformation
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Infectious mononucleosis
fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegalyatypical lymphocytes (Downey cells)
heterophil antibodies
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Infectious Mononucleosis
Epidemiology: different in
developing countries
Diagnosis: atypical lymphocytes
+ Monotest for heterophilantibodies
serology: + IgM anti-VCAculture: difficult
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Atypical lymphocytes
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EBV infection
has been associated with endemic type of Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
no practical treatment with antiviral
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Cytomegalovirusvery common infection
most common cause of congenital viral infection and most common infectious cause of deafness
present in body fluids
asymptomatic; pneumonia; disseminated in immunocompromised e.g. AIDS
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CMV Involvement
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Congenital CMVasymptomatic to full-blown
risk in second pregnancy lower
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CMV Diagnosis
cytology
serology
culture
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CMV Treatment
with ganciclovir
limited to life-threatening infection and retinitis
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HHV 6
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Roseola infantum
common exanthem of infants
relatively benignfever for about three
days followed by rashes
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HHV-8has been associated with
Kaposi’s sarcoma
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THANK YOU!
Saturday, May 29, 2010