ANALIZA OPTIMALNIH REŠENJA DOBIJENIH VIŠECILJNOM OPTIMIZACIJOM MERA ENERGETSKE

EFIKASNOSTI U STAMBENIM ZGRADAMA

ANALYSIS OF OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS FROM A MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY

MEASURES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

A. Prada, F. Cappelletti, A. GasparellaUniversity of Trento, Italy

IUAV University of Venice, Italy

Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, ItalyBeograd, Sava centar,6 – 8. decembar 2017.

Belgrade, Sava Center,6 – 8 December 2017

48.

2

48.kghEU Policies

Energy Consumption Improving the energy efficiency of the existing buildings

Potential for Cost Effective Solutions Solutions that optimize energy savings and global cost

Indoor Environmental QualitySolutions not deteriorating the indoor thermal comfort

Proposal for a Directive Of The European Parliament

And Of The Council amending Directive 2010/31/EU (2016)

75 %

annual renovation rate

0.4-1.2 %

energy inefficient buildings

Stratego: Enhanced Heating and Cooling Plans to Quantify the

Impact of Increased Energy Efficiency in EU Member States

(2015)

10-15 %

buildings meeting their cooling needs(Italy)

25 %

Cooling on heating demand (Italy)

3

48.kghMulti-Objective Optimization

GAOPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM +

SIMULATION SOFTWARE

ENERGY PERFORMANCE

GLOBAL COST

PRIMARY ENERGY FOR HEATING (EPH)

NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)

1

2 EU 244/2012

COMFORT (check/constraint)

WEIGHTED DISCOMFORT TIME (WDT) EN 15251:2007

4

48.kghMulti-Objective Optimization

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

10

20

30

40

50

60

Primary Energy for Heating EPH [kWh m-2 a-1]

Net

Pre

sen

t V

alu

e N

PV

[kE

UR

]

COST OPTIMAL

ENERGY OPTIMAL

REFERENCE

5

48.kghOpaque envelope: Reference resistanceR = 0.97 m2kW-1

Generator: Standard Emission: RadiatorsControl system: On-OffDistribution: Moderate

insulation

Compactness ratio

Windows Orientation

1.0

0.6

0.3

East Milan

Messina

Climatic Context

South

SET OF 6 REFERENCE BUILDING MODULES LOCATED IN TWO

CLIMATES

Case Study: Reference Building Modules

Transparent Envelope: Single pane glass Ugl=5.7 W m-2 K-1

Timber frame Ufr=3.2 W m-2 K-1

6

48.kghEnergy Efficiency Measures (EEMs)

EXTERNAL INSULATION

WINDOWS REPLACEMENT

Up to 20 cm (step 1cm)• Wall• Roof• Floor

Improved Frame• DH – Double, High SHGC• DL – Double, Low SHGC• TH – Triple, High SHGC• TL – Triple, Low SHGC

HEATING SYSTEM• Modulating Boiler,

η=96%• Condensing Boiler,

η=101%

VENTILATION SYSTEMIntroduction of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery

277830 COMBINATIONS60 s EACH SIMULATIONS192 DAYS

GA 4500 COMBINATIONS60 s EACH SIMULATIONS3 DAYS

7

48.kgh2-objective optimization EPH and NPV

REF 1 - EAST

MILAN MESSINA

0 25 50 75 100 125 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

EPH kWh m-2 a-1

NP

V k

EUR

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

EPH kWh m-2 a-1

NP

V k

EUR

8

48.kgh2-objective optimization EPH and NPV

REF 1 - SOUTH

MILAN MESSINA

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

EPH kWh m-2 a-1

NP

V k

EUR

0 50 100 150 200 250 3000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

EPH kWh m-2 a-1

NP

V k

EUR

9

48.kgh

W R F Wi B V

EEM

Leve

l

2-objective optimization EPH and NPV

REF 1 - EAST – S/V=0.3

MILAN

EPH [kWh m-2 a-1]

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

16.4 16.4 16.4 16.5 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.1 17.1 18.9 18.9

26.0 26.0 26.1 26.2

W R F Wi B V

EEM

Leve

l

10 cm

20 cm

DH

DL MOD

TL

TH

STD

COND

NAT

MEC

10

48.kgh

REF 1 – EAST MESSINA – S/V=0.3

11

48.kgh

REF 1 – EAST MESSINA – S/V=0.3REF 1 – EAST MESSINA – S/V=0.6REF 1 – EAST MESSINA – S/V=1.00REF 1 – EAST MILAN – S/V=0.3REF 1 – EAST MILAN – S/V=0.6REF 1 – EAST MILAN – S/V=1.00REF 1 – SOUTH MESSINA – S/V=0.3REF 1 – SOUTH MESSINA – S/V=0.6REF 1 – SOUTH MESSINA – S/V=1.0REF 1 – SOUTH MILAN – S/V=0.3REF 1 – SOUTH MILAN – S/V=0.6REF 1 – SOUTH MILAN – S/V=1.0

12

48.kghS/V

Glazing Systems Boiler Ventilation

S DH DL TH TL STD M C N M

E ME 0.3 X X X X X X X

0.6 X X X X X X X

1.0 X X X X X X X

MI 0.3 X X X X X X X

0.6 X X X X X X X

1.0 X X X X X X X

S ME 0.3 X X X X

0.6 X X X X X X X X

1.0 X X X X X X X X

MI 0.3 X X X X X X

0.6 X X X X X X X

1.0 X X X X X X X

Conclusion 1/3 (besides insulation) EEMs considered

13

48.kgh

STD NATW R F Wi B V

EEM

W R F Wi B V

EEM

W R F Wi B V

EEM

2-objective optimization EPH and NPV

SOUTH EAST

W R F Wi B V

R; 0 F; 0

Wi; 0.25

B; 0 V; 0R; 0 F; 0 Wi; 0 B; 0 V; 0

R; 0.75

F; 0

Wi; 0.25

B; 0 V; 0

R; 0.5

F; 0 Wi; 0 B; 0 V; 0

0.75R; 0.7

F; 0.75

Wi; 0.25

B; 0 V; 0

R; 0.55F; 0.5

Wi; 0 B; 0 V; 0

EEM

COST OPTIMAL

10 cm

20 cm

DH

DL MOD

TL

TH

COND MEC

10 cm

20 cm

DH

DL MOD

TL

TH

STD

COND

NAT

MEC

8.2 14.1 MILAN S/V=0.3 14.0 16.412.6 8.8 MESSINA S/V=0.3 2.1 11.921.9 22.4 MILAN S/V=0.6 33.7 25.4 23.3 14.8 MESSINA S/V=0.6 10.3 17.542.8 31.7 MILAN S/V=1.0 55.3 35.1 35.1 21.2 MESSINA S/V=1.0 24.1 24.1 kWh kWhk€ k€

14

48.kghS/V

Ins. Glazing Systems Boiler Ventilation

W S DH DL TH TL STD M C N M

E ME 0.3 8 X X X X X X X

0.6 11 X X X X X X X

1.0 11 X X X X X X X

MI 0.3 17 X X X X X X X

0.6 16 X X X X X X X

1.0 15 X X X X X X X

S ME 0.3 11 X X X X

0.6 12 X X X X X X X X

1.0 12 X X X X X X X X

MI 0.3 12 X X X X X X

0.6 16 X X X X X X X

1.0 15 X X X X X X X

Conclusion 2/3 - Cost optimal

15

48.kgh

W R F Wi B V

EEM

W R F Wi B V

EEM

W R F Wi B V

EEM

W R F Wi B V

EEM

STD NAT

2-objective optimization EPH and NPV

SOUTH EAST

ENERGY OPTIMAL

10 cm

20 cm

DH

DL MOD

TL

TH

COND MEC

10 cm

20 cm

DH

DL MOD

TL

TH

STD

COND

NAT

MEC

0.5 27.5 MILAN S/V=0.3 0.5 27.3

0.3 12.7 MESSINA S/V=0.3 0.3 25.9 3.0 36.0 MILAN S/V=0.6 7.6 37.4 0.3 35.3 MESSINA S/V=0.6 0.3 35.2 12.8 43.4 MILAN S/V=1.0 22.3 46.3

0.6 40.1 MESSINA S/V=1.0 2.4 40.6kWh kWhk€ k€

16

48.kghS/V

Ins Glazing Systems Boiler Ventilation

S DH DL TH TL STD M C N M

E ME 0.3 6 X X X X X X X

0.6 18 X X X X X X X

1.0 19 X X X X X X X

MI 0.3 16 X X X X X X X

0.6 18 X X X X X X X

1.0 18 X X X X X X X

S ME 0.3 18 X X X X

0.6 20 X X X X X X X X

1.0 18 X X X X X X X X

MI 0.3 17 X X X X X X

0.6 18 X X X X X X X

1.0 19 X X X X X X X

Conclusion 3/3 (besides insulation) – Energy optimal

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

ANY QUESTIONS?

andrea.gasparella@unibz.it