powerpoint presentation · egyptians built the pyramids but they may have used ramps and levers. 3d...
TRANSCRIPT
1/22/2018
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• Around 5000 BC,
people began to settle along the Nile
River• Predictable
seasonal flooding resulted in very
fertile soil along the river
• The river currents and the wind
patterns made the Nile perfect for
transportation
• The deserts surrounding the
Nile offered a
natural protection against invasion.
• By 4000 BC, Egypt
was made up of 2 kingdoms: Lower
Egypt in the North
and Upper Egypt in the South.
Kids Animated History
Hip Hughes Old Kingdom
• Hieroglyphics was the Egyptian form of writing. It is made up of symbols
instead of an alphabet.
• The discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799 led to the deciphering of
Egyptian hieroglyphics.
• The Egyptians were the first to write on papyrus (an early form of paper
made from the fibers of the papyrus
plant).
How Hieroglyphics Were Translated
How Egyptians Made Paper
Hip Hughes Old Kingdom
were united by Menes, the founder of the 1st
Dynasty (a DYNASTY is a family of rulers where
the right to rule passes within the family).
• Around 3200 BC, Upper and Lower Egypt
I may rule Egypt, but I’m not called a pharaoh – that comes much later! I am
considered to be a god and I am also Egypt’s highest
religious leader.
Menes Video
• Menes established the capital at Memphis.
Hip Hughes Old Kingdom
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• King Djoser commissioned the
Step Pyramid.
• King Khufu commissioned the
Great Pyramid at Giza.
Step Pyramid
Exploring the Step Pyramid (use cc)
King Khufu and The Building of the Great Pyramid Hip Hughes Old
Kingdom
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• King Khafre commissioned the 2nd largest pyramid at Giza and the Great
Sphinx.
• King Pepi II was the last king. After his death, the kingdom fell apart and was
divided into smaller
kingdoms.
Great Sphinx
Building the Pyramids
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• A new dynasty reunited Egypt.• They defeated Nubia (Kush) and
expanded Egyptian territory.
• They built a canal to connect the Nile to the Red Sea which significantly
increased trade between
Egypt and East Africa and Arabia.
• The kingdom ended when
Egypt was conquered by the Hyksos from Western
Asia.
• The Hyksos advanced technology (bronze weapons, horse-drawn chariots,
compound bow) and their advanced
fortification techniques helped them defeat the Egyptians.
• Different Hyksos kings ruled Egypt for the
about 100 years.
• An Egyptian prince, Ahmose, adopted the Hyksos’ military technology and used it to overthrow the foreign rulers and become ruler of Egypt.
• Ahmose’s rule began the
• Egyptian rulers took the title pharaoh. They held absolute power and served as
the head religious leader.
• Capital city - Thebes• Queen Hatshepsut
was the first known
female pharaoh.• Thutmose III conquered
Syria and Egypt grew rich
from commerce and tribute (TRIBUTE - payments from
conquered people).
Now, you may call me pharaoh!
TED-ed Hatshepsut Video
• Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) moved Egypt’s capital from Thebes, believed there was only one god named Aten,
and tried to make Egyptian give up their
polytheistic worship of many gods.• Ramses II (Ramses the
Great) was the last great ruler of Egypt.
Now, you may call me pharaoh!
Amenhotep IV
Ramses the Great
• Weak pharaohs • Invaded by Assyrians,
Nubians, and Persians.• By 300s BC, Egyptians no
longer ruled Egypt.Ancient Egypt Crash Course
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King or Pharaoh (ruler of Egypt)
Royalty, Nobles, Priests, Scribes(controlled religious and political affairs
King or Pharaoh (ruler of Egypt)
Royalty, Nobles, Priests, Scribes(controlled religious and political affairs
Artisans, Merchants
King or Pharaoh (ruler of Egypt)
Royalty, Nobles, Priests, Scribes(controlled religious and political affairs
Artisans, Merchants
King or Pharaoh (ruler of Egypt)
Farmers
Slaves (usually people who were captured during a war)
Royalty, Nobles, Priests, Scribes(controlled religious and political affairs
Artisans, Merchants
King or Pharaoh (ruler of Egypt)
Farmers
Egyptian Social Classes Video
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
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Many of the gods and goddesses
were depicted like me – part human and part animal.
Bastet- cat
goddess, protector of
Ra
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
Ra - god of the sun
Bastet- cat
goddess, protector of
Ra
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
Many of the gods and goddesses
were depicted like me – part human and part animal.
Ra - god of the sun
Bastet- cat
goddess, protector of
RaAnubis - god of
the dead, funerals, and
embalming
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
Osiris - god of the
underworld and the afterlife
Many of the gods and goddesses
were depicted like me – part human and part animal.
Ra - god of the sun
Bastet- cat
goddess, protector of
RaAnubis - god of
the dead, funerals, and
embalming
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
Osiris - god of the
underworld and the afterlife
Isis - goddess of
magic, marriage, protection, and
healing
Many of the gods and goddesses
were depicted like me – part human and part animal.
Ra - god of the sun
Bastet- cat
goddess, protector of
RaAnubis - god of
the dead, funerals, and
embalming
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
Osiris - god of the
underworld and the afterlife
Isis - goddess of
magic, marriage, protection, and
healing
Many of the gods and goddesses
were depicted like me – part human and part animal.
Ra - god of the sun
Bastet- cat
goddess, protector of
RaAnubis - god of
the dead, funerals, and
embalming Horus - god of
vengeance, sky
Ma’at -
goddess of justice, truth,
and order
The Egyptians were polytheistic which
means they worshiped multiple gods and
goddesses.
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Sekhmet -
goddess of lions, fire,
and vengeance
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife where they could take all
their material wealth and possessions. This afterlife was first
reserved for kings and nobility, but by the time of New Kingdom, it was
believed poor people could go on to the afterlife, too.
Thoth - god
of wisdom
Sekhmet -
goddess of lions, fire,
and vengeance
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife where they could take all
their material wealth and possessions. This afterlife was first
reserved for kings and nobility, but by the time of New Kingdom, it was
believed poor people could go on to the afterlife, too.
Thoth - god
of wisdom
Sekhmet -
goddess of lions, fire,
and vengeance
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife where they could take all
their material wealth and possessions. This afterlife was first
reserved for kings and nobility, but by the time of New Kingdom, it was
believed poor people could go on to the afterlife, too.
Nephthys -
protective goddess of
the dead
Thoth - god
of wisdom
Hathor -
goddess of love
Sekhmet -
goddess of lions, fire,
and vengeance
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife where they could take all
their material wealth and possessions. This afterlife was first
reserved for kings and nobility, but by the time of New Kingdom, it was
believed poor people could go on to the afterlife, too.
Nephthys -
protective goddess of
the dead
Thoth - god
of wisdom
Hathor -
goddess of love
Sekhmet -
goddess of lions, fire,
and vengeance
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife where they could take all
their material wealth and possessions. This afterlife was first
reserved for kings and nobility, but by the time of New Kingdom, it was
believed poor people could go on to the afterlife, too.
Seth-
god of chaos
Nephthys -
protective goddess of
the deadEgyptian Religion
Watch Mojo’s Top 10 Egyptian gods
British Museum Online Exhibit
• When Egyptians died, their
bodies were often mummified (a process to preserve the body for
the afterlife).• This process involved removing
the internal organs, eliminating moisture from the body,
wrapping the body in strips of linen, and placing the body in a
sarcophagus (a coffin).• Then, the mummified body was
placed in a tomb surrounded by items needed in the afterlife as
well as personal possessions.British Museum Exhibit
How to make a mummy
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Explore a Pyramid Destination Egypt Video
• Egyptian kings and
queens had pyramids constructed as their
tombs.
• The pyramids were built during the Old and
Middle Kingdoms and were different shapes
and sizes.
• During the New Kingdom, pharaohs, queens,
and the wealthy were buried in tombs in the
Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the
Queens.
• Inside the tomb, workers constructed burial
chambers, ventilation shafts, and
passageways. The inside walls were inscribed
with hieroglyphics that told of the person’s life.
• The kings, queens, and pharaohs were buried with items
they’d need in the afterlife like food, gold,
chariots, pottery, and favorite objects.• Throughout the millennia, many of the
tombs were looted leaving them empty
of the pharaoh’s body and artifacts. • We don’t know for certain how the
Egyptians built the pyramids but they
may have used ramps and levers.
3D Views of Pyramids British Museum Online Exhibit
Giza c. 2500 BC:
Great Pyramids
(Khufu or Cheops, Khafre,
Menkaure),
smaller pyramids for various
queens, Great
Sphinx
Bent Pyramid, Red Pyramid,
Maidum Pyramid c.
2600 BC, King Snefru
Step Pyramid c. 2630 BC,
King Djoser
Valley of the
Kings and
Queens: tombs of pharaohs,
queen, and
wealthy during the New
Kingdom c.
1550 – 1070 BC
*Over 100
pyramids have
been discovered in Egypt! Explore Ancient Egypt
Deconstructing History: The Great Pyramid
King Tut or King
Tutankhamun is well
known not because he
was a great pharaoh, but
because his nearly intact
tomb was discovered in
1922.
King Tut Biography
Saturday Night Live Skit
• In 1922, British archaeologist Howard
Carter, financed by a rich British Lord
named George Herbert (Earl of Carnarvon), found steps hidden in
the debris of another tomb in the
Valley of the Kings and discovered
the sealed tomb of Tutankhamun.• The tomb contained four rooms full
of priceless treasures more than
3,000 years old including a solid
gold sarcophagus, jewelry, statues, preserved clothes, a chariot,
weapons, and perhaps, the most
valuable of all, a perfectly
preserved and mummified King Tut.
Antechamber of King Tut’s Tomb
Bu
rial
Ch
amb
er o
f K
ing
Tut
Gold Mask of King Tut
• Since the discovery of his tomb,
historians and scientists have
conducted research to learn about
King Tut’s life.
• He reigned from 1332-1332 BC
from the ages of about 9 to 19. *He
was the son of Akhenaten
(Amenhotep IV) and during Tut’s
reign, Egyptians returned to their
traditional polytheistic worship.
• There is some mystery surrounding
his death – he may have died from
an illness or a chariot crash.What caused his death?
Curse of King Tut part 1 Curse of King Tut part 2
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A written language called
hieroglyphics and the first to
make paper (papyrus)
A written language called
hieroglyphics and the first to
make paper (papyrus)
A calendar based on
the flooding of the Nile
with 365 days
A written language called
hieroglyphics and the first to
make paper (papyrus)
A calendar based on
the flooding of the Nile
with 365 days
A system of numbers that they could add, subtract, multiply, divide and they used a system of algebra and geometry to help build the pyramids
Many architectural
achievements from
building pyramids to
homes to canals
Many architectural
achievements from
building pyramids to
homes Performed some
surgery, setting of
broken bones,
dentistry, used plants
and honey to cure
ailments, and had
basic knowledge of
anatomy
Ancient Egypt (from 2:00 mark)