powerpoint ® presentation chapter 1 internal combustion engines engine classification small engine...
TRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint® PresentationPowerPoint® Presentation
Chapter 1Chapter 1Internal Combustion EnginesInternal Combustion Engines
Engine Classification • Small Engine Engine Classification • Small Engine Development • Energy Conservation Development • Energy Conservation
Principles • Small Engine HistoryPrinciples • Small Engine History
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
CompetenciesCompetencies Explain the classification “small engine” and discuss the Explain the classification “small engine” and discuss the
main small engine types.main small engine types. Describe types of cylinder design and cooling systems.Describe types of cylinder design and cooling systems. Explain small engine development history.Explain small engine development history. Explain energy conversion principles that apply to small Explain energy conversion principles that apply to small
engines.engines. Explain heat transfer.Explain heat transfer. List the common energy conversion calculations.List the common energy conversion calculations. Explain the chemistry of fuel combustion in small engines.Explain the chemistry of fuel combustion in small engines. Describe the small engine industry.Describe the small engine industry.
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Small EnginesSmall Engines
internal combustion engineinternal combustion engine converts heat energy from the converts heat energy from the
combustion of fuel into mechanical energycombustion of fuel into mechanical energy rated up to 25 horsepower (HP)rated up to 25 horsepower (HP) spark ignition or compressionspark ignition or compression four-stroke or two-stroke cyclefour-stroke or two-stroke cycle
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Engine DesignEngine Design
one, two, or four cylindersone, two, or four cylinders cylinder orientationcylinder orientation
vertical, horizontal, or slantedvertical, horizontal, or slanted
cylinder configurationcylinder configuration V, horizontally-opposed, or in-lineV, horizontally-opposed, or in-line
air-cooled or liquid-cooledair-cooled or liquid-cooled
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Development HistoryDevelopment History
gunpowder enginegunpowder engine steam enginesteam engine coal gascoal gas internal internal
combustioncombustion gasoline powergasoline power diesel enginediesel engine
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Conversion PrinciplesEnergy Conversion Principles
small engines convert potential energy small engines convert potential energy into kinetic energyinto kinetic energy
all internal combustion engines operate all internal combustion engines operate utilizing basic principles of heat, force, utilizing basic principles of heat, force, pressure, torque, work, power, and pressure, torque, work, power, and chemistrychemistry
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Heat TransferHeat Transfer
conduction is heat transfer from atom to conduction is heat transfer from atom to atom via molecules in direct contactatom via molecules in direct contact
convection is heat transfer by currents in convection is heat transfer by currents in a fluida fluid
radiation is heat transfer that occurs as radiation is heat transfer that occurs as radiant energy without a material carrierradiant energy without a material carrier
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Conversion Energy Conversion CalculationsCalculations
temperature is the intensity of heattemperature is the intensity of heat °C = (°F – 32) ÷ 1.8°C = (°F – 32) ÷ 1.8 °F = (1.8 × °C) + 32°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32
pressure is a force acting on a unit of pressure is a force acting on a unit of areaarea pressure = force ÷ areapressure = force ÷ area
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Conversion Energy Conversion CalculationsCalculations
torque is a force acting on a torque is a force acting on a perpendicular radial distance from a perpendicular radial distance from a point of rotationpoint of rotation torque = force × radiustorque = force × radius
work is the movement of an object by a work is the movement of an object by a constant forceconstant force work = force × distancework = force × distance
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Conversion Energy Conversion CalculationsCalculations
power is the rate at which work is donepower is the rate at which work is done power = work ÷ timepower = work ÷ time
horsepower (HP) is a measure of power horsepower (HP) is a measure of power equal to 76 watts or 33,000 lb-ft per minequal to 76 watts or 33,000 lb-ft per min HP = work ÷ (time × 33,000)HP = work ÷ (time × 33,000)
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Combustion ChemistryCombustion Chemistry
combining of hydrocarbon fuel with combining of hydrocarbon fuel with oxygenoxygen
a chemical reaction between the a chemical reaction between the hydrocarbon molecule and atmospheric hydrocarbon molecule and atmospheric oxygen combining at ignition temperature oxygen combining at ignition temperature causes an exchange of elements that causes an exchange of elements that releases heat energyreleases heat energy
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Small Engine IndustrySmall Engine Industry
outdoor power outdoor power equipment equipment manufacturersmanufacturers
service service technicianstechnicians
Briggs & Stratton Briggs & Stratton MST programMST program
Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion EnginesChapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines
Chapter 1 ReviewChapter 1 Review
In a typical small engine, approximately In a typical small engine, approximately what percent of the energy released is what percent of the energy released is converted into useful work?converted into useful work? Approximately 30% of the energy is converted Approximately 30% of the energy is converted
into useful work.into useful work.
What is horsepower?What is horsepower? Horsepower is a unit of power equal to 33,000 Horsepower is a unit of power equal to 33,000
lb-ft per min.lb-ft per min.