powerpoint presentation...2/20/2017 6 drones fixed wing multi-rotors 1. dji 2. sensefly 3. trimble...

2/20/2017

1

Drones, Cameras, and Surveying

©2016 PixElement | Confidential & Proprietary Information

What is PixElement?

In-Browser, Cloud-Based image

processing software

Any Camera turns into a 3D

measurement tool

Quickly & Accurately generates 3D

models and data

Scalable to massive data

SaaS (billed monthly)

About the Product

2/20/2017

2


Industrial 3D Data, Anywhere on the Planet

Visualize.

Exploit.

Measure.

Extract actionable information from imagery.

Create accurate maps at scale in record time.

Line | Volume | Asset Extraction


Orthomosaic (mapview)


Drape imageryand interact.

Detect changes over time

2/20/2017

3


t

What sets PixElement apart


The Problem...

Too many steps.Too many providers.

COLLECT PROCESS ANALYZE STORE & TRANSFER

COLLABORATE& VIEW

CURRENT PROCESS:

2/20/2017

4


The PixElement Solution

Streamlined process.Cloud access.

COLLECT COLLABORATE& VIEW

Pix Element

Process, store, analyze, and share. Anywhere on the planet.

Pix Element


Customer Benefits

2/20/2017

5

100% Automated

Faster

Better Security

No Backup


No Storage Limits

Always Working

Better Scalability

Real-Time Collaboration

What makes up a drone?

Overview

Platforms

Mission Planning

Cameras (important)

Lenses (more important)UMAPAV Corp. Confidential and Proprietary Information

2/20/2017

6

Drones Multi-RotorsFixed Wing

1. DJI

2. Sensefly

3. Trimble

4. 3DR

5. Parrot

6. Aeryon

7. Etc


Multi-

Rotor- Less

Endurance

- VTOL

capability

- Variable

speed

speed

- Easily

Maneuverab

le©2016 PixElement | Confidential & Proprietary Information

Fixed-

Wing

- Longer Endurance

- No VTOL

capability

- Maintains a

cruising speed

- Wear and Tear on

body


2/20/2017

7

Mission

PlanningMission planning is

a simple as

drawing a

polygon over the

accident area

and uploading

the mission to

the drone’s

autopilot

Low-cost image

processing ©2016 PixElement | Confidential & Proprietary Information

Mission

PlanningMission planning is

a simple as

drawing a

polygon over the

accident area

and uploading

the mission to

the drone’s

autopilot

Low-cost image

processing ©2016 PixElement | Confidential & Proprietary Information

Cameras

Do cameras

matter?

Why should i get a

good camera?

Image

Quality Price

Low

High


2/20/2017

8

Lenses

Do lenses matter?

Why should i get a

good lens?


Lenses

“Zoom”

(Multiple focal

lengths)

“Prime”

(One focal

length)


Lens Distortion - GoProImages courtesy of Jim Bethel

2/20/2017

9

Data Collection

Nadir

Low

Oblique

2/20/2017

10

Really

Oblique!

Summary

Get the platform the works best for you

(Or maybe you don’t do the flying)

Cameras

Spend the extra 300 for a good camera (Zenmuse)

Lenses (more important)

Prime lenses > Zoom

Lens Quality is important

Different lenses for different jobs! (Interchangeable system)

UMAPAV Corp. Confidential and Proprietary Information


Platform SensorGPS

2/20/2017

11


Platform SensorGPS

?


Geotagging Tips and Tricks

● Time is very important!

● If your GPS logger isn’t

triggered by the shutter,

make sure that the time on

the logger and the camera

are synced BEFORE flight.

● Think about how fast the

plane is flying....convert

that to error


N

Z

E

Position Error

2/20/2017

12


N

Z

E

Position Error


How does the software take all of this into account?

Include a text file during the upload with the following information

Photo_Name, Lat, Lon, Ht, Error X, Error Y, Error Z


Large Sensors

High Flying Heights $1,000,000

2/20/2017

13


DSLR

Medium Flying Heights$10,000


Short Focal Length

Low Flying Height$500-$1000


How to get 3D from Photos

2/20/2017

14


How to get 3D from Photos

Use Cases for Land Surveyors/Engineers


Rockville Quarry

2/20/2017

15




Rockville Quarry (Steve)

2/20/2017

16


Utah Quarry (Allan)



2/20/2017

17


Utah Quarry


Quarry (Steve)


Quarry (Steve)

2/20/2017

18


Quarry (Steve)


Quarry (Steve)


College Campus (WaldoAir)

2/20/2017

19


College Campus (WaldoAir )


Richmond (Tom Stiles)


Richmond

2/20/2017

20

Applications

Construction

Mining

Planning

Civil Engineering


Energy

Transportation

Utilities

Disaster Management

Photogrammetry: Then and Now

2/20/2017

21


Principles of

Photogrammetry

1. Object is stationary

1. Camera is moving

1. Overlap between

images

1. Scale (e.g. GNSS)

Image credit - Alnozom

Tiepoints


3D

Surface

Known

X, Y, Z

Known

X, Y, Z

Unknown

X, Y, Z

Use Cases for Aerial Photographers

2/20/2017

22



Stereoplotte

rs


1. Camera is moving

1. Overlap between

images


Image credit - Alnozom


2/20/2017

23

Softcopy

Photogrammet

ry

1. No more heavy

equipment training

1. Use existing

workstation

1. Still manually intensive

1. Need to wear those

funny 3D glasses Image credit - Cardinal Systems©2016 PixElement | Confidential & Proprietary Information

Multi-View

Stereo


1. Camera is moving

1. Overlap between

images


Image credit - Clemson University©2016 PixElement | Confidential & Proprietary Information

Tiepoints


3D

SurfaceAll Tie Point

Extraction Is Fully

Automated!

2/20/2017

24

Speed and Efficiency

Efficiency + Safety?How long do you spend at a

site collecting 3D data?

Are there instances where

you may not be safe while

working?


Flight Times for Sites

Residential Topo

Construction Sites

Stockpiles Yards

Quarries

Landfills


Any

guesses?

2/20/2017

25

Flight Times for Sites

Residential Topo

Construction Sites

Stockpiles Yards

Quarries

Landfills


8 minutes

12 minutes

20 minutes

35 minutes

65 minutes

Surveying Applications

Applications

Topographic Surveying

Stockpile/Volume Measurements

Utility/Transmission Line Measurements

Road Construction

Transportation Corridors

Roof Inspections

Crime Scene Investigation


2/20/2017

26

Topographic Data Collection



2/20/2017

27

Stockpile Volume Measurement

Applications


How would

measure a

site like this?

Applications


How would

measure a

site like this?

2/20/2017

28

Standard

Workflow

- Feature Detection

- Feature Matching

- SFM/Bundle

Adjustment

- Densification

- Surface Generation

- Orthophoto

Generation

Sparse

Dense

Surface

/ TIN

TIN/Surface

Generation

Mesh - Sample facets

individually

Convert to grid/raster

Sample Mesh

Weighted

Sum of

vertices

s= u*A + v*B + w*C

Select Polygon

(Mapview)

Define a convex hull.

Each pixel/vertex defines

that X,Y,Z

Extract all pixel elements

within polygon

2/20/2017

29

Quarries, the

inverse of

stockpiles

Accuracy vs

Conventional

Methods

Delaunay Triangulation

Constrained Delaunay

Triangulation

Lowest surface?

Laser Scanning Photogrammetry

Volume Estimate

(Plane)

16126 16119

Volume Estimate

(Delaunay)

16126 15676.86

Photogrammetry

- Faster

- 97% accuracy

(who’s right?)

- Overhead perspective

Utility/Transmission

2/20/2017

30

Dense 3D point clouds of wires, vegetation, ground surface

- Common data product utilized in T-Line measurement and modeling

- Horizontal Precision

Vertical Precision

2/20/2017

31

Proving the Accuracy: Catenary Fitting

Each transmission line can be geometrically described as a 2D curve, but placed in 3D space.

Horizontally it is a line: y = a∙x+b

a, b = parameters of the line

x, y = horizontal coordinates

Vertically it is a catenary: 2D curve representing wire sag

z = cos(u/s)

where s = catenary parameter

z = height

u = point coordinates along wire

Vertical

Horizontal

Proving the Accuracy: Catenary Fitting

Accuracy dependant on flying

height

- 0.1 ft RMSE (absolute)

- 0.05 - 0.1 ft (relative)

Like Lidar, Ground Control

Points can be used

- improve the absolute

accuracy of the 3D model

Wire L1 L2 L3 U1 U2

Horizontal

RMSE [cm] 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.2 8.4

Azimuth [°] -47.1291 -47.1271 -47.1286 -47.0985 -46.7505

Azimuth

RMSE [“] 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.4 6.5

Vertical

RMSE [cm] 5 5.2 4.9 5.9 7.7

s [m] 1397.1 1413.2 1422.3 1789.7 1242.4

s RMSE [m] 0.24 0.35 0.28 0.9 23.21

Asset Monitoring / Management

- Collect high resolution

imagery of T-Line

structures

- Examine for

- Damages

- As-Built Fly-Throughs

- Preliminary cost

estimates for site

design

- Cut

- Fill

- Etc

2/20/2017

32

Accuracy

What affects the accuracy?

Flying height

Photogrammetric block

Ground control

Air control

Sensor Quality/Calibration


Flying Height

2/20/2017

33

Flying Height +

Sensor Width

The higher the flying

height, the lesser the

accuracy/precision

Image Block

Photogrammetric

Block

Convergence Angle

Multiple Camera Views

Overlap + Sidelap

Strong Geometry

2/20/2017

34

Photogrammetric

Block

1. Irregular Flight

Coverage

2. Ascending Photos

a. High correlation

between parameters

b. Poor geometry

c. Overlap

Weak Geometry

Camera

Trajectory

3D Ground Scene

Georeferencing

(Ground Control)

Air Control

Dual Frequency GNSS

Receiver

- On the drone

- Camera Position (WGS84)

2/20/2017

35

Georeferencing

(Ground Control)

Ground

Control

Targets in the image

that are observed

with high accuracy

X, Y, Z

dX,dY, dZ

Estimated Surface

True Surface (w/ GCPs

Ground

Control

Good - Pixel

measurements are

incorporated into the

Bundle Adjustment

Bad - Point cloud is

fit to the ground

control points

X, Y, Z

dX,dY, dZ

- - - Estimated Surface


2/20/2017

36

Ground

Control

“Bowing Effect”

- Transmission Line

- Ground Control Points

are the “Posts”

X, Y, Z

dX,dY, dZ

- - - Estimated Surface


“Bow Effect”

(Poor Camera/Lens)

Ground

Control

“Bowing Effect”

You CANNOT and

SHOULD NOT solely

use “On-The-Fly”

Self-Calibration

Camera Calibration

2/20/2017

37

Camera

Calibration

Lenses/Cameras

have errors that

need to be

corrected

Self-Calibration vs Lab-

Calibration“I don’t need to calibrate my camera”

Sensor Quality

Sensor Quality

- The larger the

pixel, the better

the sampling\

- More dynamic

images result in

more accurate

point clouds

2/20/2017

38

New Frontier for Mapping

(In the Cloud)

Cloud Based

Mapping/Photogrammetry

Desktop vs Cloud-based

What are the benefits?


User Interface

2/20/2017

39

Orthomosaic

(Mapview)

Drape imagery and

interact.

Line / Feature /

Polygon

Extraction

Extract actionable

information from imagery.

Create accurate maps at

scale in record time.

Point Cloud

Display

Visualize.

Exploit.

Measure.

2/20/2017

40

Looking for Big Data Opportunities

Create

- No more licenses of beefy

workstations

Share

- No more mailing hard drives.

Collaborate

- No disconnected workflows.

Bigger Picture



What will you do with your imagery?

www.pixelement.com

(p.s. It’s free right now! )

2/20/2017

41

Questions?

Roofing

Roof Metrics

Ridges = 54’

Valley = 36’

Hips = 0’

Eaves = 224’

2/20/2017

42

Total Area + Facets

Facets - 10

Total Area -

(More than my house)


Shingle Scale > Roof Scale

Orthophoto

Generation

- Tile based approach

doesn’t always work

- Sample pixels

individually?

- Blending without

seams

Tile

2/20/2017

43

Error

Propagation?

Error Factors to

Consider

1. Photogrammetric

Reconstruction (Surface

Height)

Simple Case of Error Propagation

1. Error only associated with vertical estimation

(z) estimation of the 3D surface

1. How accurate is the z measurement?

a. Function of GSD

True Surface

Formula - GSD * GSD * Error (2*GSD)

Error

Propagation?

Error Factors to

Consider

1. Surface Height

2. Base Height

True Surface

Estimated Base Surface

More Complicated

1. Error associated with vertical

estimation (z) estimation of the

3D surface

1. Error associated with vertical

estimation (z) estimation of the

3D base

Error

Propagation?

Error Factors to

Consider

1. Surface Height

2. Base Height

3. Horizontal (X,Y)

True Surface

More Complicated

1. Estimates ?

2. Estimate error with plane base surface?

3. Estimate error in unit weight

What about unit weight?

2/20/2017

44

Intro : Why are we here?

Why am i

learning about

drones at a

surveying

conference?

1. Fly Drones?

1. Have Fun?

1. Spy on our neighbors?

1. Collect Dense, Accurate 3D Data

with unprecedented speed

What are drones

not going to

do? 1. Boundaries

1. ALTA

1. Control Networks

1. Appear in Court as an expert witness

1. Collect Dense, Accurate 3D Data

with unprecedented speed

2/20/2017

45

THANKS FOR YOUR TIME!

powerpoint presentation...2/20/2017 6 drones fixed wing multi-rotors 1. dji 2. sensefly 3. trimble...

Documents