CELL PARTSMs. Ethridge, Ms. Milstead, Ms. Myers, Ms. Palermo

OBJECTIVES Identify the cell parts of an animal. Focus on the functions of the cell parts.

THE PARTS OF THE CELL

CYTOPLASM

- FLUID FILLED INTERIOR OF CELL

- SUSPENDS CELL ORGANELLES

THE NUCLEUS 

Nucleus-Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores-Contains the genetic information (DNA) which exists as chromatin in a non-dividing cell-Controls all cell activities

Nucleolus-In the center of the nucleus-Produces the ribosomes

CELL MEMBRANE

The thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.

CHROMOSOMES Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei

such as those found in plants, yeast, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus.

In the nuclear chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a semi-ordered structure, where it is wrapped around histones (structural proteins), forming a composite material called chromatin.

Mitochondria - Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration (metabolizes glucose)

FIGURE 4.17

RIBOSOMES

-site of protein synthesis

-links amino acids together to form proteins

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

- TRANSPORT SYSTEM WITHIN THE CELL

- TRANSPORT CELL MATERIALS

- TWO TYPES: ROUGH (WITH RIBOSOMES) AND SMOOTH

Rough ER-has ribosomes which give it its "rough" appearance-functions in protein synthesis

Smooth ER-mostly contains enzymes that function in lipid synthesis)

FIGURE 4.10A

GOLGI APPARATUS      

--flattened stacks of membranes

--collects, packages and modifies cell materials to be used in other parts of the cell or transported out of the cell

LYSOSOMES

-digests and recycles old cell parts, sometimes bacteria

-contain high levels of enzymes          

Vacuole 

-mainly storage of waterin plant cells, some waste

- some animal cells have small vacuoles

Centrioles - used during cell division to move and separate chromosomes

- only found in animal cells

FIGURE 4.7A

FIGURE 4.13

FIGURE 4.16

FIGURE 4.17A

a.  ________________

b.  ________________

c.  _________________

d.  _________________

e.  _________________

f.  __________________

f.

OBJECTIVES Identify the cell parts of an animal. Focus on the functions of the cell parts.