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8/10/2019 Powerpoint Mitch

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SerumElectrolytes


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Lung function

*The lung are also vital in maintaining

homeostasis.

*Through exhalation the lung remove

approximately 300ml of water daily in thenormal adult.


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Abnormal Condition:

*Hyperpnea*Continuous coughing

*Increase this loss, mechanical

ventilation with excessive moisturedecreases it.


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*Changes from normal agingresult decreased respiratoryfunction causing increaseddifficulty in pH regulation illness

older adult with major illness ortrauma.


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PITUITARY FUNCTION *Hypothalamus manufactures ADH*

-which is stored in the posterior pituitary

gland and release as needed.*ADH or water conserving hormone*

*ADH*

- maintaining the osmotic pressure of thecell controlling the retention or excretion

of water by the kidney and by regulating

blood volume.


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ADRENAL FUNCTION

1.Aldosterone

- a mineralocorticoid secreted by the

zona glomerulosa (outer zone) of theadrenal cortex has a profound effect on

fluid balanced .

-increase secretion of aldosteronecauses sodium retention , water retention

and potassium loss


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2.Cortisol

- another adrenocorticalhormone has only a fraction

of the mineralocorticoidpotency of aldosterone .- when secreted in large

quantities however it canalso produce sodium andfluid retention andpotassium deficit.


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PARATHYROID FUNCTION

1. Parathyroid glands

- embedded in the thyroid gland regulate

calcium and phosphate balance by means

parathyroid hormone (PTH)


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2. Parathyroid hormone or PTH

-influence bone reabsorption,calcium absorption fromintestines and calciumreabsorption from the renaltubules.


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3. Sympathetic nervoussystem

- stimulated aldosterone isreleased in response to anincreased release of renin.


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4. Aldosterone-is a volume regulator

and its also released as

serum potassiumincreases, serum sodiumdecreases oradrenocorticotropichormone increases.


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ADH AND THIRST

*ADH and Thirst mechanism have

important roles in maintaining sodium

concentration and oral intake fluids.

A. Oral intake is controlled by the thirst

center located in hypothalamus .


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C. Water excretion iscontrolled by ADH,aldosterone andbaroreceptors . Thepresence or absence of

ADH is the mostsignificant factor indetermining whether the

urine that is excreted isconcentrated or dilute.


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OSMORECEPTORS

* OSMORECEPTORS*

-located on the surface of hypothalamus,

osmoreceptors sense changes in sodiumconcentration.

-osmotic pressure increases the neuronsbecome dehydrated and quickly releases

impulses to the posterior pituitary which

increase and release of ADH.


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-ADH travels in the blood to

the kidney where it alterspermeability to water

causing increased

reabsorption of water and

decreased urine output.


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RELEASE OF

ATRIALNATRIURETIC

PEPTIDE OR ANP


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*RELEASE OF ATRIALNATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ORANP*

-release by cardiac cell inthe atria of the heartresponse to increases

atrial pressure.


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THANKYOU

GOD BLESS

MICHELLE ARELLE L.

QUIAMBAOBSN-2A

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