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Teaching and Learning with Technology, 4e© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Chapter 13

Issues in Issues in Implementing Implementing TechnologyTechnology

Teaching and Learning Teaching and Learning with Technologywith Technology

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• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;

• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:



Due to cost/complexity, districts create formal strategic technology plan

Teachers need to be aware of the issues beyond technical ones:LegalSocialEthical

Planning and ImplementingTechnology

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Issues in Educational Technology

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Legal Copyright and fair use Privacy Acceptable use Software piracySocial Digital divide

Ethical Freedom of speech Privacy Academic dishonesty



Copyright and Fair UseCopyright protects interest of individual who

created intellectual property: writings, graphics, photos, music, etc.

Fair use guidelines determine when a teacher can legally use copyrighted material

TEACH Act offers similar guidelines for DE

Legal Issues

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Determining Fair UsePurpose and character of useNature of copyrighted workAmount and sustainability of portion usedEffect of the use on the work’s marketability

Legal Issues

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Using copyrighted materialsUse only in face-to-face teachingIf DE, follow TEACH guidelinesLimit copying to small portions of copyrighted

workAvoid making unnecessary copiesInclude copyright notice and attribute workLimit use to single class, single year

Legal Issues

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PrivacyEvery child has a right to privacyParents must give permission for student

information to be sharedEase of sharing information with technology

can lead to abuseTeachers must protect student privacy

Legal Issues

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Steps to Ensure PrivacyComply with your school’s policies and

proceduresGet parental permission before putting

student work and/or pictures on a web siteProtect children’s information: name, age,

location, etc.

Legal Issues

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Steps to Ensure PrivacyAvoid storing students’ personal

information and files on unprotected computers

Encourage every child to store his/her work on a removable storage device rather than easily accessible hard drives

Legal Issues

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Legal Issues

Legislation Protecting ChildrenCOPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection

Act) addresses privacy issuesCIPA (Children’s Internet Protection Act) went

further, established Internet policies to protect children in libraries

ADA (American’s with Disabilities Act) deals with equal access and guidelines to help technology meet all students’ needs

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Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)Districts’ acceptable use policies define

appropriate uses of school computersTeachers must ensure appropriate use of

technology in their classroomsTeachers should be aware of and enforce

AUPs

Legal Issues

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Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) Teachers ensure acceptable use:Review AUPs with your studentsAsk students and parents to sign Code

of EthicsMonitor Internet use and use filtering

software

Legal Issues

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Software PiracyCopying or installing software on more than

one computer is normally copyright violation and illegal (same with CDs, DVDs)

Site license allows installation on multiple computers subject to license

Network administrators often monitor licensing on network and attached individual computers

Legal Issues

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The Digital DivideInequities of access have created

technological “haves” and “have-nots”Gap often related to socioeconomic status,

ethnic group, gender, and education levelsTeachers can design activities that help

bridge the gap and reduce technological inequities

Social Issues

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CyberbullyingPlayground bullying has entered cyberspaceDefined as incident:

“where the Internet, cell phones, or other devices used to send or post text or images to hurt or embarrass another person”

Widespread problem, estimated 43% of students have been victims

Social Issues

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Online social interactionThe Web offers tremendous opportunities for

social interactionImmature children and teens may be at riskInformation, words, and images (e.g., sexting)

do not go away and may be seen by unintended viewers

Teachers need to teach and encourage appropriate positive online social interaction

Ethical Issues

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Freedom of SpeechInternet content not regulatedMaterials posted may be objectionable or

inappropriateNet is an open forum for free speech:

Should expression be regulated?Does the government have the right to do so?Although controversy continues, schools must

control access to appropriate areas

Ethical Issues

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PrivacyWhat is the appropriate balance between

privacy and monitoring of activity?When is it OK to monitor where people go

and what they do on the Internet?School’s responsibility is to:

Ensure students’ safetyPublish and enforce AUPs

Ethical Issues

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Academic DishonestyEase of manipulating and sharing

information increased dishonest use of workCheating and plagiarizing further facilitated

by web sites that post and share workTeachers and schools need clear policies

dealing with digital dishonesty

Ethical Issues

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Teachers’ Role in TechnologyAre key stakeholdersCan implement best technology for students

and themselvesHave critical role dealing with legal, ethical, and

social issues of implementing technologyMust keep up to date as technology evolves to

utilize it and to address issues it creates

Ethical Issues

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Resources for TeachersSchools’ media and/or technology specialists

can help address digital issuesThey have wealth of knowledge and skills

and usually enthusiastic support to provide to teachers

Ethical Issues

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Wireless ConnectivityRapid improvement making wireless

availability commonplaceWiFi (wireless fidelity) technology provide

networking for campus and public wireless networks

Retrofitting schools with cables will cease to be necessary

Emerging Technology

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Wireless ConnectivityBluetooth technologyPersonal area networks (PANs) created

automaticallyVarious types of devices can be connected

together wirelesslyNo more limitations by length of cables

Emerging Technology

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Virtual EnvironmentsFully rendered 3-D environments in which the

user is immersedAs the technology progresses:

Development of full sensory environments will address all learning preferences

Students will be able to take virtual field trips

Emerging Technology

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Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence - programs that work like

the human brain Neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert

systems are examples of AIThese tools exist and, when evolved, will be

significant

Emerging Technology

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WikiRefers to a web site written collaborativelyVandalism may occur, but the community

corrects problems quicklySchools can create wiki sites for

brainstorming, collaboration, debate, projects, and/or sharing resources

Emerging Technology

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Grid ComputingMultiple computers join together to share

resources and computing powerThe fastest dedicated computer in the world

is a 900,000 computer gridPeer-to-peer networking is another example

of grid computing

Emerging Technology

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Displays Flexible organic light-emitting devices

(FOLEDs) can be any size and even rolled. Electronic paper - film with beads of ink

that electrical current makes turn over to form letters, graphics, pictures.

Erasable and rewritable Size and weight of a transparency

Emerging Technology

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Wearable ComputersComputers built into clothing or worn like a

pin or around the neckDevices could offer information about

environment, reminders, and data on demandCurrent examples are heads-up-displays and

small computers for special needs students

Emerging Technology

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ConvergenceBlending technologies into a single

multipurpose technologyIn schools, convergence will mean:

Better use of limited resources, since less equipment will need to be acquired

Less time and resources spent in training on diverse equipment

Easier integration of equipment into the classroom

Emerging Technology

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Computers as AppliancesDigital technology becoming common as a

household appliances, schools must keep up with societal change

Pocket or tablet PCs will allow instant access from anywhere

Instruction will need to accommodate more opportunities and greater access

Emerging Technology

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Computer LiteracyEffectively using computer will become as

essential a skill as readingComputer literacy will be an entry-level skill

and will not have to be taughtComputer-enhanced instruction will be easier

to integrate into lessons

Emerging Issues

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Decentralized InstructionInstruction may change as technology

broadens the ways it can be deliveredClassroom walls will give way to virtual

communities of learnersMaster teachers from around the world may

come together to team teach Schools will no longer be isolated

Emerging Issues

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Changing Role of the TeacherTechnology will not replace teachers,

teachers must design instruction using technology

Digital-age curriculum may look very different from contemporary curriculum

Global collaboration and ever-expanding resources will benefit students

Emerging Issues

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