power point 15 music in the baroque part v
TRANSCRIPT
Music in the Baroque Era: Part V
1600-1750
The Late Baroque Erain Germany
1700-1750
German composers incorporated German, French, and Italian elements in their compositions.
Dietrich Buxtehude (ca. 1637—1707)
• organist• organ works– based on chorales• chorale preludes (short)• chorale fantasias (long)
– not based on chorales• praeludium—like
Frescobaldi toccatas– Praeludium in E major
• influenced Bach
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767)
• worked throughout Germany and Poland as an ensemble director and opera director
• extremely prolific– operas– solo and trio sonatas– quartets (3 solo instruments plus
continuo)• Quartet for flute, oboe, violin, and
continuo from Tafelmusik
– concertos– overtures– cantatas– orchestral suites– concertos– sacred works
George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)• 1703—Hamburg—Italian operas• 1706—Italy—Italian operas• 1710—London
– Italian operas until 1741• Giulio Cesare
– English oratorios (1732—1752)• Saul• Messiah
• blind 1752• Works
– opera—opera seria• Arias—ritornello Form• combined Italian and German styles
– Italian--tuneful, singable music– German—chromatic harmony,
counterpoint– large ensemble
• orchestra: Water Music• wind band:
Music for the Royal Fireworks
Johann Sebastian Bach
Bach’s life
• born in 1685 in Eisenach—musical town, musical family
• in his lifetime, known only in Germany—never left Germany
Eisenach, Germany
• lived in Arnstadt, 1703-1707
• church organist– organ music– concertato vocal music– studied w/Buxtehude
Arnstadt, Germany
• lived in Weimar, 1708-1717
• organist @ ducal chapel– court chamber music
• concertmeister 1714– cantatas– organ works– harpsichord pieces– instrumental
ensemble works; concertos
Weimar, Germany
• lived in Cöthen, 1717-1723
• court Kapellmeister– solo keyboard
works– instrumental
ensemble works– secular cantatas
Cöthen, Germany
• lived in Leipzig from 1723• cantor of St. Thomas School, dir. of
music in city’s 5 main churches– cantatas (sacred and secular)– oratorios– passions
• St. Matthew Passion• published earlier works• 1729-1741—Director of Leipzig
Collegium Musicum– public concerts
• instrumental music• secular cantatas
– Goldberg Variations– Art of Fugue– Musical Offering– B minor Mass
Leipzig, Germany
Bach’s works
Keyboard• Organ virtuoso
– organ works—same types as Buxtehude. • Praeludium becomes prelude and fugue
(separate works)– Toccata and Fugue in d minor– Prelude and Fugue in a minor, BWV 543
• Chorale Prelude on Durch Adams Fall
• unspecified keyboard works– 2 & 3 part inventions– Well-Tempered Clavier—preludes and
fugues in all 24 major and minor keys– English & French Suites, Partitas
• French dances• German and Italian stylistic elements• Italian Concerto style
Orchestra• overture—orchestral suite in
French style• instrumental concerto• solo concerto– studied Vivaldi’s concertos– Brandenburg concertos• #5--1st keyboard harpsichord concerto• # 3--3 violins, 3 violas, 3 cellos, continuo• # 2--F major, fast-slow-fast, ritornello
form– Corelli-style concerto grosso (ripieno not
necessary)
Cantatas• one or more solo singers and instruments• all parts sung by men (falsettists)• one to a part• chorale cantata—texts and music derived from a chorale
– open with chorale fantasy– arias and recitatives in the middle– 4-part chorale at end
• sacred cantatas– organized around church calendar—one for each Sunday and church holiday– Cantata no. 62– Cantata no. 147
• different from Italian secular cantata:– in German– several singers– sacred
Bach’s compositional style
• church musician, but also composed secular music (little difference)
• counterpoint• sometimes highly dissonant, chromatic harmony