power plant familiar is at ion
TRANSCRIPT
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POWER PLANT FAMILIARIZATIONBY
ErEr.. RandhirRandhir KumarKumar
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1 Intake
2 Penstock
3 Transformer
4. Power House
5. Generator
6. Runner
7. Draft tube
8. Tail Race
Principle of operation of a Hydro Station
The kinetic energy of falling water is first converted into mechanical
energy in Turbine & then the mechanical energy is converted into
electrical energy in Generator.
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View of a Hydro Unit
Components
Generator
Turbine
Auxiliaries
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Generator
Cooler
Rotor
Stator
Thrust Bearings
Air Gap
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Stator Core
Made up of Silicon Steel laminated sheet with high permeability and
low hystersis & eddy current losses
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Stator Winding
windings are copper conductors which carries the generated voltage.
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Rotor
It carries magnetic pole
& is revolved by
turbine, resulting in
power generation in
stator.
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Rotor
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Pole
Pole are mounted on
rotor and It fulfills the
need of a rotating
magnetic field
Damper Bars
Dovetail keys
Core
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Slip Rings
Slip rings are installed on rotor to
transfer the field current from the
external excitation equipment to the
field winding.The current flows through the
stationary carbon brushes to the
rotating slip rings, through insulated
bars mounted in the hollow shaft
and to the polecoilconne
ctions.
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Guide Pads
To restrict the radial
movement of machine.
GENERATOR
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Segmented type guide bearing assembly
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Thrust Bearing carries the whole weight of the machine.
Thrust Bearing highpressure lubrication
port
Thrust Bearing
H S Lubrication systemto safeguard thrustpads during starting &stopping of machine.
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Bearing Pad Arrangement
Thrust Pad
H S
Lub Oil
Guide Pad
C
O
o
l
e
r
Cold Water
Hot Water
Oil
GENERATOR
TURBINE
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Classification
Types of Turbine
Kaplan Francis Pelton
Medium & lower
head up to 80 mwhen discharge
& load vary widely
Medium & high
Heads in the rangeof 30-550m, turbine
discharge varying
in acceptable limit
Heads greater than
400m varying head,discharge and
load conditions
CLICK
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Kaplan Runner
In a Kaplan runner blade angle varies with changing position ofguide vanes. The runner blade servomotor is installed between the
main turbine shaft and the generator shaft or inside the runner hub .
Oil Pipe line inside shaft
Hub
Cone
RunnerS
ervomotor
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PELTON FRANCIS
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Spiral Casing
Guide Vane
Servomotor
Runner
Shaft Seal
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Spiral Casing
Water from penstock enters the spiral casing which makes equal water thrust at
each guide vane
Stay Vane
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Spiral Casing
Stay Ring
Stay Vane
Guide
Vane
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Turbine
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The wicket gate operating mechanism is installed with eccentric pins betweenthe gate operating ring and each wicket gate to allow individual adjustment
of wicket gate openings. Shear pins with carefully calculated size are
provided with an operating mechanism. A pin will shear, should a wicket
gate become blocked, and the remaining gates can be operated as
required.
WICKET GATESAND OPERATING MECHANISM
REGULATING RING
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Penstock Gate / MIV
Penstock
Gate
MIV
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Brake
H SLub
OPU system Cooling water
Drainage , Dewatering
Some other auxiliaries
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Practical braking speed 25-30% of rated speed
Brake
Air for Brake
Oil for Jack
Rotating Machine
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Oil Pressure Unit
Supply pressur
ized o
il to servomotor for open
ing orclosing of guide vanes under the command of governor.
To system
oilairAir inlet
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Cooling Water
Forcooling of
GeneratorStator Windings
Bearings
Shaft Seals
Transformer
Fire Fighting
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Open Loop Cooling water System
Booster
Pump
Shaft Seal
Cooler
(ForTurbine
Bearings)
Oil Coolers
(for Gen Bearings)
Air Coolers
(For stator)
Transformers
Coolers
Penstoc
k
Tail Race
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Close Loop Cooling Water System
Booster
Pump
Shaft Seal
Cooler
(ForTurbine
Bearings)
Oil Coolers
(for Gen Bearings)
Air Coolers
(For stator)
Transformers
Coolers
Cooling Pond
Tube
WellSprinklers
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Dewatering System
The dewatering
system is generally
meant to dewater the
penstock, spiral caseand runner during
their maintenance
and inspection works.
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EOT Crane
EOT
Cranes are usedin powerhouses dur
ing
comm
iss
ion
ing, ma
intenan
ceand repair of a hydro unit and their auxiliaries
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Fire Extinguishing Systems
Types
Automated sprinkler/spray protection
Hydrant Service
Hand appliancesGaseous systems for control rooms
Sprinkler
HosesPortable Extinguisher
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Operation of a Hydro Unit
Pre Start Checks
Start Sequence
Synchronization Stop Sequence
Monitoring during operation
Tripping
Emergency Handling
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Pre Start Checks
Many of the start checks may be built up in the
starting interlocks and starting sequence. The
abnormality if any, will appearin MMI display
and Unit ready to start indication does not
appear. The list of activities/checks varies from
station to station.
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ROTOR
Tur
Shaft
Pole
Coo
lerIn
Gate
DT
Gate
GV
GV
Water
Gen Shaft
PoleStator W inding
GGB
Thrust Pad
Cool
Water
Hot
waterHS
LUB
cooler
Water
TRCM
Oil
DC Excitation
Restore AC & DC supply to auxiliaries
Reset relayOpen Draft Tube GateBrake releasedCooling chargedUnit ready to startOpen Intake gateH S Lub startOpen GVMachine start rolling100% speedVoltage Build up
Unit
Ready
To
Synchroniz
START SEQUENCECheck PTW
T
R
A
NS
F
O
R
M
E
R
11 KV220
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Synchronization
Rotor
Rotor Pole DCexcitation by closingFCB
Trans
Transmission line
Close CB when V, F &Ph matches
CB
Stator
+
_
11KV 220KV
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Monitoring during operation
Operate machine as per schedule & water level Attend any alarm appearing in control room
Temperature of bearings/stator/transformer
Cooling water flow
Leakage water level in turbine pit
Operation of drainage pumps.
Generator Voltage and reactive Power flow.
Machine vibrations.
Abnormal sound from the machine.
Fill up hourly log sheet
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Stop Sequence
Reverse to start sequence
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Tripping of Machine on Fault
Stop machineStop machine
Note down relayNote down relay
Inform Maintenance staffInform Maintenance staff
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Emergency Handling
Increase in water level inside Power House
RaiseAlarm.
Intimate PowerStation Incharge.
Try to stop the source of leakage water.
If the leakage is from the machine immediately close the intake gate after
opening the generatorcircuit breaker and giving stop command to the
machine.
Ensure that PowerSupply to Drainage & Dewatering pumps is not shut
down.
Run the available drainage / dewatering pumps or any other available
pumps to pump out the water.
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Emergency Handling
Fire
RaiseAlarm.
If fire is in the machine orTransformer give stop command.
Release CO2 or water through fire protection system . Intimate fire station. Inform PowerStation authority
Try to isolate other equipment from the source of fire.
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Thank You.