power plant engineering reviewer - complete.pdf

8/10/2019 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING REVIEWER - COMPLETE.pdf

1/77

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

REVIEWER(LECTURE)

Revision 0

2012

Prepared By:

Agerico U. Llovido PME


2/77

CONTENTS

A. VARIABLE LOAD

B. FUELS AND COMBUSTION

C. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POWER PLANT

D. GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

E. STEAM POWER PLANT

F. CHIMNEYS AND STACKS

G. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

H. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

I. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

J. NONE-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES


3/77

1

1.

.

.

, , , .

, ,

, , .

. , , .

, ,

. ,

.

, , ,

.

,

. , , , , ,

.

.

.

, ,

. , , 8760 .

.

.

, ,

, , .


4/77

2

,

, , .

.

.

.

(, , )

.

.

.

.

.

.

, , .

.

, .

.

.

, , .

.

2.

=

.

=

=


5/77

3

=

8760

=

.

=

=

=

=

=

=

3.

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

, , , .


6/77

1

1.

D

F , , .

C

.

2.

C F

2.1

, , , , , ,

2.2

L ,

, ( ), .

2.3

G , ,

(L) .

3.

C C

3.1

C , ,

(, , , , , , )

, B, .

3.2

C , , ,

.

, , , .

3.3

C .

4.

B C

4.1

.

4.2

I ,

, . .

4.3

H ,

, .

4.4

C

, ,

, .

5.

C

C , , ,

.

.

H 815 C 1093 C.

L 704 C. , ,

.


7/77

2

6.

C

C 400 C .

7.

L F

F

, , 37.7 C.

F C F

.

.

.

D .

.

C .

.

B .

C F

.

G . 1

.

.

G . 2 . 1 .

.

G . 4 ..

G . 5 .

.

G . 6 .

8.

G

G

.

M G 37.7 C 204.4 C

.

9.

KK 22.8 C A

.

10.

C

C .

11.

L G (LG)

L G (LG)

, , . , , , ,

. C, , , .

, .

12.

D F

.

.

D .

.

.

.

B .


8/77

3

C

.

L . 1 , 176.6 C

260 C.

H . 3 4 , 232 C 260 C

343 C 371 C.

, . 4 . 5 .

13.

G F

G ,

.

14.

D L

C , ,

.

.

.

.

A

.

A , ,

, , ,

, , .

AE L

.

.

.

.

.

H , ,

.

AE

. AE

.

15.

G

G ,

.

=

=


9/77

4

I 15.6 C 60 F , , 15.6 C 60 F

15.6 C 60 F. ,

( )[ ]615000701615

...

= o

I

( )[ ]6000040160

=

.o

E

A I G , AI

I ,

.

5131615

5141.

.

.=

o

o

B G ,B

B

A .

130615

140=

o

o

.

16.

.

A

.

K .

:

A ,

1 = 1 / 2

1 1 /2= 0.1

K ,

1 = 1 2/ = 0.0001 2/

C .

.

( ) 60

.

F 30 45 37.8 C, C = 0.308( 26)

180

22.0 =

F ( F) .

62 F = 600


10/77

5

17.

F .

F

.

F

.

F .

.

D .

C .

C ( ) ,

.

.

,

.

C , .

A .

.

18.C F

. , CH2+2 ,

. , CH2 ,

.

. D, CH22 , .

19.A C

19.1

. . A

, , , .

.

M 1 220 F 230 F

1 .

.

.

.

A

1290 F 1380 F , ,

.


11/77

6

. F C 100 % , ,

.

19.2 , ,

, , , , , , .

20.B A

. A

.

D

.

M

.

M, ,

21.H F C

. H ( ), HH

.

. L ( ), LH

.

22.M D H

22.1 L

22.1.1 B

22.1.2 G

22.2 E

22.2.1 D .

304,98

212,144820,33 +

+=

40508

000,62600,14 +

+=

22.2.2 AME F

( ) o6.139130,41 +=( ) o60680,17 +=

22.2.3

B

( ) 28.793,8716,51 =( ) 23780230,22 =

D

= 9(2442) I

= 9(1050) E :

9= .

2442 J/ 1050 B/ .

A = 2615(), .

23.F

. F .


12/77

7

. ,

.

. C ;

.

.

H ; .

. I

.

.

,

.

.

A , , ,

, , .

. 100 ;

.

. H

.

24.C

C () .

25.C A M

. C

76.8 % , 23.2 %

76.8 / 23.2 = 3.3 .

. C

79.0 % , 21.0 %

79.0/21.0 = 3.76

.

M A = 28.97 /

C = 12 /

H2= 2 /

2= 32 /

2= 28 /

= 32 /

26.A F

, , ,

, .

3248

36345311 22 ... ++=

:

= ,

= ,

= ,

= ,

= ,


13/77

8

A ,

.

( ) += 1

=

.

27. C

F + A = C

( ) ( ) ( ) 22222

25076350250763250 ...... +++++++

( )( ) ( )

+

+=

+

++=

12

25028137

12

2876332250 ....

28.C

. C

.

. C , .

. C , .

29.

E , .

=

:

= 1, .

< 1, .

> 1, .

30. A

, ,

.

31.

D F G A C

( )

+

++=

2

22

3

7004

B .

( )

( )

8

5

8

3

3

7811

2

222+

+

+

+++=

:

, , ,

.

32.

=

1


14/77

9

:

= ,

= ,

= I 1 .

33.

C A B +=

60014,

=

:

= ,

= 1 ,

= , B .

34.

C C .

+

=

2

C .

35.

A A D C

2

2

28

8

+=

, , ,

.

36.

B H B

C , , , ,

C, ,

100%.

. E .

.

( )

121

=

= , 1 = , , B

= ,

.


15/77

10

. E .

.

= 2402 .

0.24 = , B F.

= , F

= , F

.

E .

M

.

57546010893 += ,.

= ,

= , F

.

E .

.

= 24 9

:

2= ,

= , B =

57546010899 24 += ,.

H2

. 2,

.

. E .

.

+

==

2

5 1601016010 ,,

.

E .

A ,

.


16/77

11

( ) = 600146 ,

=6

.

.

, ,

.

6543217 =

. B H B

I E, B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

HH 100%

E


17/77

12


18/77

1

1.

D

;

.

;

();

.

2.

C E

E (ECE)

; ; .

(CE)

; ;

.

3.

C E

E (ECE)

.

.

.

C

.

,

(CE)

.

.

.

.

4.

C C E :

4.1

4.1.1

( )

A ; ; .

4.1.2

C (C )

A ; ; ; .

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.3

4.3.1

4.3.2


19/77

2

4.3.3

4.4

4.4.1

F

4.4.2

4.5

()

4.5.1

4.5.2

4.6

4.6.1

4.6.2

A

4.7

4.7.1

4.7.2

4.7.3

, .

4.8

4.8.1

4.8.2

4.8.3

4.9

A

4.9.1

4.9.2

4.9.3

4.9.4

4.9.5

4.10

4.10.1

4.10.2

D

4.11

4.11.1

: , ,

4.11.2

E:

4.11.3

C

4.11.4

4.12

A

4.12.1

A

4.12.2

4.12.3

4.12.4

4.12.5

4.12.6

A


20/77

3

5.

A C

5.1

C () .

C A 4 G E

01

12

23

34 41

10

A, ( )23

=

, ( )14

=

, =

,

+

==

11

33441122

C E =

==

C E =1

11

=

, = 1.4 .

C , = =

C ,

+===1

3

4

2

1

C ,21

22

==

=

,

= = 1

1

3

1

4

3

34

=

=


21/77

4

1

2

1

1

2

21

=

=

, C ,

=

C A 2 G E

5.2

D C (C) .

C A 4 D E

01

12

23

34

41

A, ( )23

=

, ( )14

=

, =

C E =

==


22/77

5

C E =( )

=

1

111

1

C ,

+==1

2

1

C ,2

3

2

3

==

, = 1.4 .

C ,21

22

==

,

1

1

1

2

1

12

=

=

1

1

1

2

3

23

=

=

14 =

, C ,

=

C A 2 D E

5.3

D C C ( C C)


23/77

6

01

12

23

34

41

C E =( )

+

=

11

111

1

1

23,2

3

=

C ,3

4

=

, C ,

=

6.

D

6.1

B E D

6.1.1

6.1.1.1

: , , ,

6.1.1.2

: ,, , ,

6.1.1.3

A : , , ,

,

6.1.1.4

F : , , .

6.1.2

F F , , , ,

6.1.3

, , , ,

6.1.4

C

C , , ,

6.1.5

A , , , , ( )


24/77

7

6.1.6

A ,

6.1.7

G

7.

D E

D 101 5070

, , , .

A D :

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

8.

F B (%) .

C D C C E

.

25 34

.

C 30 30

.

E 37 26

.

F, ,

8 10

; 100 100

9.

D G

9.1

()

=

:

= , /

= , /

9.2

2

4

=

3

/

:

= ,

= ,

= , / ( 2)

= /2, / ( 4)

=


25/77

8

9.3

= 2, /

2=

9.4

()

=

:

=

=

= , 3/.

= .

= .

= .

=

= .

() ()

=

: .

9.5

B (B)

=

:

= .

C

2=

:

= , .

=

A

=

:

= .

= .


26/77

9

9.6

F (F)

=

. A .

C ,

= + ,

= + ,

===========

= ,

F , , .

, , , , . . .

= = 6() = 6( )

F

= + ++++

:

= ,, . 1

= ,, . 2

= ,, . 3

= ,, . 4

= ,, . 5

= ,, . 6

= =

9.7

E

9.7.1

,

==

,

,

9.7.2

E ,

,

,=

9.7.3

,

==

,

,

9.8

9.8.1

, ,

==


27/77

10

9.8.2

B , .

==

9.8.3

C , ,

==

:

=

=

=

9.9

E

9.9.1

,

=

9.9.2

B ,

=

9.9.3

C ,

=

:

= = / = /

9.10

, /

9.10.1

,.

3600=

9.10.2

B ,.

3600=

9.10.3

C ,.

3600=

: /.

F 3600 / 2544 B/ 3412 B/

9.11

, /

9.11.1

,.

=


28/77

11

9.11.2

B ,

=

9.11.3

C ,

=

9.12

,

==

=

=

9.13

D

9.13.1

,

= 2. /9.13.2

G ,

120=

:

= , 60

=

10.

,

5209229

=

.

:= .

= , . . ( , . 1 . 1000 )

= , . ( , . 3.6 F 1000 ).

29.92 . = .

520 = .

11.

:

.

.

.

.

:

.

E .

.

E ().

.

.


29/77

12

12.

.

B B B:

( ) = 21

:

= .

E


30/77

1

1.

D

, .

, .

2.

B D

( ).

.

A ,

A

.

C ,

.

,

.

,

.

1.

, 2.

3.

4.

3.

C

3.1

A .

3.2

A .

3.3

A .

4.

A

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4


31/77

2

5.

C

B ,

, , .

.

A B C

12

23

34

41

12

21 = ,

2211 =

1

2

1

1

1

2

1

2

=

=

C

( ) ( )1212

==

= 1.0 /

=4

3

1

2

==

C =2

1

=

2 3

( ) ( )2323

==

34

43 = ,

4433 =

1

3

4

1

4

3

4

3

=

=

( ) ( )4343

==


32/77

3

=

41

( ) ( )1414

==

:

1.

, 12, = ,

23, 34 41, = +

2.

, =

3.

, =

=

==

23

141

=

23

141

=

,

== 1

1 1

11

,

==

1

1 1

11

C C

( )21

312 =


33/77

4

C

( ), .

12

12

12

12

=

=

=

,

,

( )

43

43

43

43

=

=

=

,

,

A ( ) ( )

2323 ==

A

23

14

23

1411

=

=

+

=

1

1

11

1

1

2

13

1

1

21

1

3

4

3

=

11

113

1

1

31

1

1

C

=


34/77

5

6.

A C

( )12

=

A

==

( ) ( )

12

12

==

= = 1.0 /

( )43

+=

( )43 += ==

( ) ( ) 4343 11 +=+=

=

=


35/77

6

==

:

=

A =

=

=

C

=

7.

C

.

( ) = 3

( ) = 42

= 42


36/77

7

.

=

24

2

=

100% , =

1

3

1

43

1211

=

=

8.

C

8.1

. A .

8.2

.

8.3

.


37/77

1

1.

B E D

1.1

G , , ,

. ,

, , , , , , ,

.

.1.2

.

5 100,000.

.

1.3

C

.

1.4

B F F

.

2.

C

.

, ,

, .

12 ( )

23 ( )

34 ( )

45 ( )

( )21

=


38/77

2

A

( ) ( ) 2121 ==

( )32

=

A

( )32 =

( )34

=

( )343

A

( )

34

=

( )

343

( )41 =

A

( )

41

=

:

=

=

=

B

.

C E

F C

( )

( )

( ) ( )

41

3421

31

21

=

=

=

F ( )

31

21

=

F

==

3.

.

F , .

.

F , .

.

F , .

.

.

.


39/77

3

4.

C

,

( ) ( )4321 +=

( )61

=

( )23

=

( ) ( )56556

=

( )54

=

+==

5.

C

, , .

( ) ( )( )32121

+=


40/77

4

( )71

=

1

( )( ) ( ) ( )45414511

=

2( ) ( )

676672 =

( )( )431

=

( )

( ) 65121

=+

2121 +

=+

=

6.

C

7.

G (B)

.

8.

B

8.1

C .

8.1.1

F

F

.

.

.

E

.

F


41/77

5

8.1.2

.

C :

.

1.

, .

C

.

B

.

2.

B . .

. D

1.

2. C

. C

1. F

2.

. D1. D .

2. D

.

3. D

, , .

.

1.

2.

. C

. C

9.

G

9.1

9.1.1

B .

9.1.2

.

9.1.3

E .

9.2

E

9.2.1

.

9.2.2

F .

9.2.2.1

F

.

A

.

C

.

D

.

D

9.2.2.2

.

A

.

.

.


42/77

6

9.2.3

C

.

B .

.

9.2.4

A

.

A

..

F

.

,

.

.

,

.

.

B ;

.

.

B .

.

B

.

.

F

..

.

10.

D E C 2008

B G

.

CF B .

C B

, .

E , ,

.

E , /

.

F B .

F ,

.

GF B (G) , .

G .

, .


43/77

7

B

.

B 1.055 /2

121 C.

B 103.5 ,

130 C.

B C

405 , 1065 , 1.85 2

7.03 /2 .

B

, .

B B C .

B

.

B ( )

1.055 /2 .

AE B C C , AE B C C A

E C .

B .

B

.

,

.

B .

B .


44/77

8

11.

B

11.1

F E,

=

:

= .

= 970.3 B/

= 2257 B/

= 539 /

. E E,

=

:

= .

11.3

E E,

==

:

= .

11.4

AE E ,

=

11.5

B ( B )

= / :

= 12 = 1.1

= 10 = 0.91

A F B 5 .


45/77

9

11.6

D B (D B )

=

=

:

= 33,475 B/ = 35,316 / = 8,433 /

11.7

D (% D)

100=

%

11.8

B E G E, .

( )

++=

:

=

=

=

=

=

.

=

11.9

B F E,

=

:

=

=

11.10

E G ,

( )

=

:

= G .

11.11

G ( ) ,

D .

=

11.12

( ) ,

( ) ( )

=

,


46/77

10

11.13

(G) E,

=

11.14

G E,

=1

:

=

=

12.

, . ,

.

12.1

.

..

C , .

, , , ,

.

.

B

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

12.2

C

12.2.1

B.

.

,

.

1.

.

. C .

2.

. .

.

.

12.2.2

C A

.

.

.

D

, .

.


47/77

11

.

C

D

.

.

12.2.3

B

12.2.4

1800 2400 .

A 3206 .

200 400 .

900 F.

12.2.5

( ) .

12.2.6

.

.

.

.

.

, , .

13.

; , .

.

.

C ,

, , .

.

14.

.


48/77

12

= +

= ,

= , = ,

= ,

15.

15.1

( )21

=

:

=

= ()

15.2

A

( ) ( ) 2121 ==:

=

=

15.3

15.4

( ) ( ) 2121 ==

: = =

=

15.4 E G E

=

G = = ( )


49/77

13

15.5

E

15.5.1

B

( )21

=

15.5.2

C

( )21

=

15.5.3

21

21

=

15.6

E E

15.6.1

B

( )21

=

15.6.2

C

( )21

=

16.

C

.

17.

F C

.

.

.

.

18.

C

.

; .


50/77

14

.

D () ,

.

19.

B C

( ) = 12

:

= 4.187 /C 1.0 B/F

=

0. E,

=

:

21.

F

.

.


51/77

15

C .

D .

22.

F B F

B .

( )12

=

( )121 =

:

= , /

= , 3/

= ,

= ,

= ,

(B )

=

23.

E

, .

, .

.


52/77

16

23.1

D

23.2

D

:

2

4

2

=

:

( ) 22244

+

=

23.3

=

=

=

23.4

B

2=

:

= ,

= , /

,

=

23.5

F

F = B

=

23.6

E

=


53/77

17

23.7

E

.

( )21

=

.

B

( )21

=

23.8

E E

.

( )21

=

.

B

( )21

=

23.9

E E C

21

21

=

24.

C C

C

; .

D


54/77

18

G C:

C,

( ) ( )[ ] ( ) ( )[ ] ==

A C C,( ) ( ) ==

E,

( ) ( ) ==

C:

C,

( ) ( )[ ]34321

=

G E,

( ) ( )4141

==

E C C,

+==

E ,

=

( ) ( )41

=

( )

41

=

:

=

=

25.

B C B

; .


55/77

19

D

,( ) ( )

21 +=+=

,

( ) ( )34

+=+=

( ) ( )343

+=

A B,

( ) =

E B C,

==

E B E,

( ) ( )41

=

=

,

( )

=

41

:

=

=

=


56/77

20

26.

C

C

. C

, , , D (D)

.

D

E


57/77

1

1.

.

.

2.

.

.

.

.

3.

, ( , ).

, .

, .

, .

0.287 /

8.3143/( )

, 101.325

:

== ,

== , /

3

== , /

3

2

21

+

== ,

( )

= ,

0.1 .

.


58/77

2

:

2

4

==

= , 3/

2= , /

30% 50% ,

0.30 0.50. 0.40 .

=

,

4=


59/77

1

1.

:

.

.

, .

( )

.

( )

, .

.

.

.

.

2.

2.1

, .

.

2.2

3

.

2.3

,

,

.

2.4

1200 .

3.

3.1

150 .

3.2

3.3

, , , , , ,

.

3.4

, , .

3.5

.


60/77

2

4.

4.1

(

); .

4.2

(

); ; , .

4.3

/ /

;

.


61/77

3

4.4

.

4.5

, ,

, ; .

5.


62/77

4

,:

12

22221 +==

2=

:

=

=

, :

( ) 43 = :

=

,

=

:

=

,

( )54

=

,

1

=

6.

.

, 330 . : .

.

() , 3309 . : , ..

, 112.5 . : .

.

, 112.5 . :


63/77

1

1.

B .

1.1

. A

.

1.2

.

1.3

D

D

.

1.4

.

1.4.1

.

1.4.2

, ,

.

1.5

1.5.1

1.5.2

.

1.5.3

.

1.6

C

1.6.1

.

1.6.2

C

.


64/77

2

1.7

:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1.8

D

D .

.

1.9

1.10

.

1.11

.

1.12

.

2.

2.1

() ,

.

2.2

.

2.2.1

.

2.2.2

(A )

.

B

.

A


65/77

3

3.

C :

3.1

A .

.

6 30

.

30 150

.

150

3.2

..

B

.

3.3

.

.

.

.

( )

.

4.

( )

.

5.

A

.


66/77

4

6.

.

6.1

,

, .

6.2

,

2

2

= D

:

= .

= ,

= , /

=9.81 /2

= ,

( ).

6.3

,

=

6.4

,

=

=

6.5

=

:

= , 3/

= , 2

= , /


67/77

5

6.6

,

==

:

= = 9.81 /3

= = 1000 /3

6.7

,

==

:

=

6.8

,

==

:

=

6.9

,

120=

:

= ,

= ( 60 )

= ( )

6.10

=

:

=

6.11

()

2

2

+=

:

= =

= 9.81 /2

6.12

( )

2

22

++=


68/77

6

6.13

( ),

2

==

:

= ,

= , /

= 9.81 /2

= ,

6.14

,

1 ;

.

45

=

:

= ,

=

= .

7.

.

A ,

800 5.5 80

() 50 800 22 80

( ) 15 100 85 170


69/77

1

1.

2.

.

4. ;

, .

.

.

.

, 235

238

, .

, .

, .

.

.

.


70/77

2

.

.

, .

.

.

.

.

.

3.

.

4.

4.1

92235

, 92233

94239

4.2

92238

90232

4.3

4.4

4.5

( , , ).

5.

5.1

()

, 270 2000 . . .

, 620

5.2

() .

.

, . 1 .

5.3

()

. .


71/77

3

5.4

() 1943

, .

5.5

.

5.6

.

5.7

.

5.8

.

5.9

. , ,

, .


72/77

1

1.

E

E ,

, , .

, ,

. A

, .

2.

E

, , ,

.

C = 1353 /2

10 A 2 = 1000 /2

3.

.

A , , .

.

A 3(), 2, C2.

4.

F

.

B .

.

D .

.

.

5.

.

6.

C

.

7.

C

C .

7.1

F C (FC)

.

A .

.

.

.

D .

.

.

.

.

.

.

C = / .

7.2

F

.

, .

.

.

.

.

1.

.

2.

F, .

3.

F, .


73/77


74/77

3

9.

.

10.

.

.

.

.

..

.

.

.

11.

.

.

.

.

.

D

.

12.

.

; , .

.

, .

1.

.

2.

D

.

C

13.

C A E

.

.

.

.

.

AC ..

.

.

( ).

14.

E

.

B .

.

.

.

C .

.

.

.

.

.

F

15.

.

F

.

.

.

, / .

.

A .


75/77

4

16.

B .

, ,

. 0.593 B .

.

3

2

1

=

3

2

1=

:

=

= =2

4

= =

17.

BE B

B . ? B ,

.

. . .

18.

A

.

B: C .

.

B: C .

.

B: B , , .

19.

B

.

.

C

.

F

.

.

: ,

.

: 0.02 0.03% , 99%

.

A :

.

E :

1.

F :

2.

:

3.

:

4.


76/77

5

20.

B C

.

B:

1.

E

2.

A

.

1.

.

2.

C/

G

C 100% ,

.

21.

A

.

.

.

.

C /

.

C2

.

G

.

22.

D

.

, 20 /

.

, 50%

.

.

.

.

23.

. A .

, 6

.

24.

E C (EC)

,

.

.

,

.


77/77

,

.

25.

,

.

, .

26.

C

. A

.

.

.

27.

F C

F . F

. F ,

. /

.

E

power plant engineering reviewer - complete.pdf

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