THE COLD WAR BEGINS

Potsdam Conference•Reparations•Polish Borders•Atomic Bomb

Describe the positions of the three countries/men

Iron Curtain•The United States and allies were working to creat a united Germany by 1947•The Soviets were looking to keep their influence over Eastern Germany and Eastern Berlin, and Eastern Europe.•Soviets create satellite regimes in Eastern Europe•Disagreements over American aid led to bitter feelings•How does Russian defend their position in Eastern Europe and were they justified?

What to do about the bomb?

Explain the positions of the United States and Soviet Union in regard to the atomic bomb?

Policy of Containment

•Created by George Kennan and Dean Acheson•The Long Telegram•Believed that neither Congress nor Public opinion should play a role in Soviet Policy

Tests of Containment1947 -- Truman Doctrine On March 12, President Truman requests $400 million in aid from Congress to combat communism in Greece and Turkey. The Truman Doctrine pledges to provide American economic and military assistance to any nation threatened by communism

The Marshall PlanOn June 5, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall proposes a massive aid program to rebuild Europe from the ravages of World War II. Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was sent to Europe from 1948 to 1952. The Soviet Union and communist Eastern Europe decline U.S. aid, citing "dollar enslavement."

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

“An armed attack against one or more shall be considered an attack against all”

Describe the evolution in foreign policy from 1898 to 1949

Berlin Blockade

In comparison to Truman’s other options, how smart was his decision to fly in supplies to West Berlin?

The United States military transition into Cold War

•National Security Act• Defense Department• Central Intelligence Agency• National Security Council

•Air Force becomes dominant branch of military

•NSC-68• Increase military build which included the

hydrogen bomb

•Does the U.S. seem more paranoid than the Soviets or visa versa?

Cold War in Asia1949 -- China In June, Chinese communists declare victory over Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist forces, which later flee to Taiwan. On October 1, Mao Tse-tung proclaims the People's Republic of China. Two months later, Mao travels to Moscow, where he negotiates the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance

Korean War1950 -- Korean War On June 25, North Korean communist forces cross the 38th parallel and invade South Korea. On June 27, Truman orders U.S. forces to assist the South Koreans while the U.N. Security Council condemns the invasion and establishes a 15-nation fighting force. Chinese troops enter the conflict by year's end.

Eisenhower and the Cold War

1955 -- Massive Retaliation On January 12, U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles first announces the doctrine of Massive Retaliation. It threatens full-scale nuclear attack on the Soviet Union in response to communist aggression anywhere in the world.

Vietnam1954 -- Dien Bien Phu After a long siege, Vietnamese communists under Ho Chi Minh defeat French colonial forces at Dien Bien Phu on May 7. In July, the Geneva Accords divide the country at the 17th parallel, creating a North and South Vietnam. The United States assumes the chief responsibility of providing anti-communist aid to South Vietnam.

Formosa Strait

1955-Eisenhower threatens to use nuclear force against China after they had begun bombing Formosa

Suez Canal & Middle East

•1956-Eisenhower is able to stop Soviet aggression against England and France for invading Egypt.

•1958-Ike intervened in Lebanon after a potential civil war

Who was the better cold war president, Truman or Eisenhower?

Latin America1954-Guatamala regime overthrown1959 -- Castro takes power On January 1, leftist forces under Fidel Castro overthrow the government of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba. Castro soon nationalizes the sugar industry and signs trade agreements with the Soviet Union. The next year, his government seizes U.S. assets on the island.

Space Race

1957 -- Sputnik On October 4, the Soviet Union launches Sputnik, the first man-made satellite to orbit the Earth. In 1958, the U.S. creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the space race is in full gear.

Spy game

1960 -- The U-2 Affair On May 1, an American high-altitude U-2 spy plane is shot down on a mission over the Soviet Union. After the Soviets announce the capture of pilot Francis Gary Powers, the United States recants earlier assertions that the plane was on a weather research mission.