potato biofortification€¦ · country preschool-age children. wpc | alap | cusco, peru | 2018...

POTATO BIOFORTIFICATION INTRODUCTION OF GENETIC GAINS FOR IRON&ZINC CONCENTRATIONfrom a Diploid population to advanced disease

resistant tetraploid potatoes

Elisa Salas Murrugarra International Potato Center (CIP). Germplasm Enhancement and Crop Improvement-Crop Management DivisionAv. La Molina 1895. La Molina. Lima 12. PeruCorresponding author’s email: [email protected]

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018

mailto:[email protected]


Women of reproductive age

Rwanda: 59 %Kenya: 24 %

Ethiopia: 19 %Peru: >50 %

Children under 5 years old

Rwanda: 38 %Kenya: 46 %

Ethiopia: 50 %Peru: 43 %

• Maternal mortality

• Mental development and learning

• Physical labor

• Stunting

• Susceptibility to infections

Micronutrient Deficiencies ”Hidden Hunger”

Introduction


WHO 2008

Anaemia as a public health problem by country

Preschool-age children


Genetic Resources and Improved Populations

Lowland Tropics

Virus Resistant

(LTVR)

Population

Highland

Tropics

Late Blight

Resistant (B3)

Population

Biofortified

Population:

High Micronutrient

Concentrations

Promoters

and Inhibitors

of Mineral

Absorption

Iron (Fe)

Zinc (Zn)

Vitamin C

Carotenoids

Phenolics

Genetic diversity assessment


FEDW

Gro

up

s

30272421181512

LB

LTVR

LTVR_LB

Var. World

IRON_DW

Biofortification: Base Population

FEDW

Sp

p

30272421181512

Adg

Gon

Phu

Stn

Each symbol represents up to 2 observations.

IRON_DW

X=18.03

n=64

n=81

n=195

n=242

n=140

n=65

n=41

n=30

IRON (mg/k,DW)

Lan

dra

ceA

dva

nce

d c

lon

es


Breeding for Iron and Zinc in Diploid Potato- 3 cycles of recurrent selection -

Base Population and

Crosses (2x-2x)

Cycle I: 16 families

NCD I (4 male groups)

Heritability, selection

Cycle II: 32 families

NCD II (2 sets 4 x 4)

Parental value, selection

Cycle III: Crosses

Selected clones (n=20)

Cycle 0: Selected diploid cultivarsStn, Gon, Phu

Cycle III: Select diploid clones38 - 43 ppm Fe

30 – 40 ppm Fe

Cycle II: Selected diploid clones

Timeline

2005

2010

2008

2006

2013

Breeding at diploid level


30383

2

30382

6

30384

1

30384

2

30384

5

30384

630382

8

30383

5

703421

Stn

702815

Stn

703291

Phu

703825

Gon

704393

Gon

X

Group I

♂

♀s

703168

Gon

703831

Gon

703352

Gon

701165

Phu

703825

Gon

X

Group

II♂

♀s

Development of Base Population at Diploid Level: NCD I


GCA effects for Fe and Zn concentration

Genetic evaluation of Micronutrient Traits in Diploid base

population

Parental value:


Progress: Fe and Zn contents of potato increased

through

3 Cycles of Recurrent Selection at Diploid Level

Year 2011 : 26 Diploid Clones Selected Cycle II

Year 2015: 34 Diploid Clones Selected Cycle III

Fe: 19-32 ppmZn: 17-27 ppmYield:8-23 t ha-1

Fe: 25-35 ppmZn=18-32 ppmYield:9-25 t ha-1

Fe mg/kg DW

Fre

qu

en

cy

403530252015

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

21.81 3.348 17

25.97 3.571 21

29.15 2.791 22

Mean StDev N

Cycle 0

Cycle2

Cycle3

Treatment

Zn mg/kg DW

Fre

qu

en

cy

353025201510

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

18.67 3.502 17

21.59 3.236 21

24.45 3.290 22

Mean StDev N

Cycle 0

Cycle2

Cycle3

Treatment

25 % Genetic Gain for ZINC

27 % Genetic Gain for IRON


Estimates of Gains (%) per Cycles

for Iron, Zinc and Yield Components

12.92 10.84 11.41-2.84

-23.73-2.22

-24.28

9.83 10.65

35.93

4.80

-20.73

-3.32

27.40

27.10 24.86

56.67

1.89

-33.57

-5.35

2.41

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

Iron Zinc Number oftubers/plant

Tuberweight/

plant

Averagetuber weight

Dry matter Vitamin C

Cycle 2 (M2-Base Population) Cycle 3 (M3-M2)

Total (M3-Base Population)


a) Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy

(ICP)

High-Throughput Methods for Mineral Analysis

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Burgos et al 2007. The Science of Food

and Agriculture.87(4):668-675

b) X-ray fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)Zinc (Zn)

Iron (Fe)

o 50 Samples/dayo $ 25 / Sample

o 300 Samples/dayo $ 15 / Samples

Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)

T. zum Felde et al (Por publicar)


Taking advantage of Agroecological Diversity in Peru

Selection of clones with resistance to LB under field conditions

Soil texture Sandy Loam

Soil EC (dS/m) 0.68

Soil PH 4.6

Zinc ppm 2.1

Iron ppm 169.05

Soil texture Sandy Clay Loam

Soil EC (dS/m) 11.58

Soil PH 7.6

Zinc ppm 13.2

Iron ppm 2.36

Soil texture Clay Loam

Soil EC (dS/m) 1.49

Soil PH 7.59

Zinc ppm 32.34

Iron ppm 7.72


Bioaccessibility of Iron


(17) Selected 2x Male

Parents from Cycle II(33) Advanced 4x

Female Parents

♂♀

• Disease

Resistance

• Stress tolerant

• High stable yield

• Processing quality

• Tuber appearance

• High level / GCA of

Fe & Zn

concentration

• High frequency 2n

pollen

230 families 4x -2x (11 829 genotypes)

Seed

Incorporation of Micronutrients from Diploid into Tetraploid populations


Ploidy level identification by chloroplast counting in guard cells

Sowing seeds families Transplanting seedlingsTransplanting to pots Samples of 3 folioles

13 284 genotypes

Peel off the surfacecell layer from theundersurface of the leaf.

One or two drops of iodine solution (iodine-potassium iodide) were placed in the center of a slide

Chloroplast Number in Stomatal Guard Cells

12-14 9 – 11 6 – 8


TETRAPLOIDIZATION

Crosses 4x - 2x

• Ploidy identification

(11 829 seedlings)

Tuber families

Clean copy

Loc 1-LM230 masl

2012

2013

2014 Micronutrient Screening &

Field trials

Biofortification at Tetraploid Level- Cycle 1

6700 genotypes

Loc 2-PAUC3300 masl

2015

2016

Clean copy

Clean copy

Loc 32600 masl

2017

4500genotypes

100-200genotypes

Disease screening

Loc 32600 masl

Loc 42800 masl

2018

Loc 5-OXALate blight

Loc 6-SR Potato Virus Y

Clean copy

100-200genotypes Loc 4

2800 masl

Invitrointroduction

International Distribution

for Variety SelectionIntercrossing

Start cycle 2

Loc 1- LM (GH)Late blight & Citometry

Analysis

Loc 5-OXALate blight

Loc 6-SR Potato Virus Y

MET’s of 30 Biofortified

clones in 8 localities of

the highland in Peru

WPC | ALAP | CUSCO, PERU | 2018More than 50 new generation of biofortified tetraploid potato clones

adapted to tropical highland and mid-elevation ecologies were selected for international distribution:

Buthan, Nepal, Kenya, Malawi, India & PeruHigh Fe contents (30 - 45 mg/kg)

High yield (from 20 – 50 ton/ha)

Cusco 2018

Resistance to late blight and/or PVY

Cusco 2018

Zn contents (26 - 35 mg/kg)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

CIP

31

27

28

CIP

31

26

42

CIP

31

27

21

CIP

31

27

51

CIP

31

26

37

CIP

31

27

64

CIP

31

27

63

CIP

31

26

82

CIP

31

26

61

CIP

31

28

15

CIP

31

28

26

CIP

31

27

99

CIP

31

24

79

CIP

31

25

14

CIP

31

25

35

CIP

31

25

47

CIP

31

25

86

CIP

31

26

11

CIP

31

26

26

CIP

31

26

40

CIP

31

26

71

CIP

31

27

00

CIP

31

27

20

CIP

31

27

57

CIP

31

27

70

CIP

31

28

02

CIP

31

28

21

CIP

31

28

39

CIP

31

28

49

CIP

31

28

63

% S

ele

cti

on

Parents 4x

CIP393083.2

CIP393536.13

CIP393613.2

CIP394908.13

CIP395017.229

CIP395017.242

CIP395112.32

CIP395446.1

Parents 2x

CIP306018.4

CIP306085.114

CIP306087.11

CIP306087.82

CIP306140.14

CIP306143.62

CIP306416.68

CIP306418.53

CIP306418.69

CIP306514.64

Top families and parentsTraits: Iron & Zinc, yield, tuber appearance

Families (4x-2X)

potato biofortification€¦ · country preschool-age children. wpc | alap | cusco, peru | 2018...

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