postgraduate pharmacy student perceptions and expectations of academic feedback

2
PhysiciansOpinions on Collaboration with Pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates S. Hasan 1 , D.C.M. Kong 2 , K. Stewart 3 , 1 College of Pharmacy, Sharjah University, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 2 Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, 3 Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Interdisciplinary care has been shown to improve patient outcomes. Physicians’ views on collaboration with pharmacists give an insight into what contributes to a well-functioning team. Little is known about these views from developing countries and none from the UAE. The purpose of this study was to investigate physicians’ opinions on collaborative relationships with community pharmacists in the UAE. Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups were conducted on a purposive sample of physicians between October 2011 and February 2012. An interview guide containing questions about possible collaborations between pharmacists and physicians was developed. Framework analysis was used to generate themes. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant institutional review boards. Results: A total of 53 physicians participated. Three themes emerged: benefits, facilitators and barriers to collaboration. Benefits included having the pharmacist as an immediate source of information and as an extra safety check within the system (leading to medication error prevention) and having the pharmacist assist patients to manage their medications; improving adher- ence, coping with side effects and reduction of drug waste. Facilitators included role definition of profes- sionals, pharmacists’ access to patient records, need for communication and trust building. Barriers included pharmacists’ competence, territorial boundaries, patient acceptance and administrative and technical matters. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, provided vital information that will help to inform the future develop- ment of pharmacist-physician collaboration in the UAE and other countries with similar healthcare systems. Future work should focus on pharmacists’ perspectives of collaboration with physicians and future initiatives they are ready to explore to enhance collaboration. Population, health and educational factors affecting antibiotic use: an observational study in Portugal A. Teixeira Rodrigues 1,2 , F. Roque 1,3,4 , S. Soares 1 , A. Figueiras 5,6 , M.T. Herdeiro 1,7,8 , 1 Center for Cell Biology, University of Aveiro (CBC/UA), Portugal, 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Portugal, 3 Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (UDI/IPG), Portugal, 4 University of Beira Interior (UBI),Portugal, 5 University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain, 6 Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiologı´a y Salud Pu ´blica - CIBERESP), Spain, 7 Center for Health Technology & Information Systems Research (CINTESIS/FMUP), Portugal, 8 CESPU-IPSN, Portugal Considering that, in Portugal, antibiotic use varies a lot between regions, revealing that this is a very complex problem affected by several factors, our aim was to assess how social, health, geographic and educational factors affect antibiotic use. Methods: Outpatient antibiotic consumption data (ATC: J01) of the Centre Region Health of Portugal, provided by IMS Health Portugal, was analyzed as DID Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day. We analyzed the influence of education and learning in- dicators, of health indicators and population indicators, published in Statistics Portugal website Instituto Nacional de Estatı´stica, www.ine.pt, in the antibiotic consumption rates. Results: Social, health, geographic and educational indicators reveals the heterogeneity of Portugal in this context. The healthcare system varies a lot from region to region in several statistical indicators, namely in terms of the number of health professionals per inhabitant or academic qualifications of the population. The statistical analysis revealed that several factors could influence antibiotic consumption rates in Portugal, which could help to explain the differences found between munici- palities and regions. Results revealed statistical signifi- cant relations between antibiotic consumption and education indicators, as illiteracy rate, health indicators, as performance and infra-structures health service char- acteristics, and population indicators, as mean age. Conclusions: Antibiotic use is a very complex process that demands the evaluation of many factors which can be affecting it. Our results revealed that to improve antibiotic use, aiming to tackle the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistances, healthcare providers and health authorities must consider the influence of social, geographic, economic, health and clinical factors. Postgraduate pharmacy student perceptions and expectations of academic feedback C.S. Schneider, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Academic feedback is commonly a poorly rated aspect of the undergraduate student experience in the UK. There is however little specific information on the perceptions of postgraduate students regarding aca- demic feedback. This study aimed to gather the percep- tions of postgraduate pharmacy students regarding feedback. Methods: A previously developed questionnaire by Beaumont and colleagues (2008) was delivered face-to- face to 35 students at a UK university in May 2013 at the end of their graduate diploma for overseas pharmacists. The data was analysed descriptively for the quantitative e45 Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 10 (2014) e1–e64

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Page 1: Postgraduate pharmacy student perceptions and expectations of academic feedback

e45Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 10 (2014) e1–e64

Physicians’ Opinions on Collaboration with Pharmacistsin the United Arab EmiratesS. Hasan1, D.C.M. Kong2, K. Stewart3, 1College of

Pharmacy, Sharjah University, Sharjah, United Arab

Emirates, 2Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash

University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052,

Australia, 3Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash

University (Parkville Campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052,

Australia

Interdisciplinary care has been shown to improve patient

outcomes. Physicians’ views on collaboration with

pharmacists give an insight into what contributes to a

well-functioning team. Little is known about these views

from developing countries and none from the UAE. The

purpose of this study was to investigate physicians’

opinions on collaborative relationships with community

pharmacists in the UAE.

Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews and

focus groups were conducted on a purposive sample of

physicians between October 2011 and February 2012.

An interview guide containing questions about possible

collaborations between pharmacists and physicians was

developed. Framework analysis was used to generate

themes. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant

institutional review boards.

Results: A total of 53 physicians participated. Three

themes emerged: benefits, facilitators and barriers to

collaboration. Benefits included having the pharmacist

as an immediate source of information and as an extra

safety check within the system (leading to medication

error prevention) and having the pharmacist assist

patients to manage their medications; improving adher-

ence, coping with side effects and reduction of drug

waste. Facilitators included role definition of profes-

sionals, pharmacists’ access to patient records, need for

communication and trust building. Barriers included

pharmacists’ competence, territorial boundaries, patient

acceptance and administrative and technical matters.

Conclusions: This study, for the first time, provided vital

information that will help to inform the future develop-

ment of pharmacist-physician collaboration in the UAE

and other countries with similar healthcare systems.

Future work should focus on pharmacists’ perspectives

of collaboration with physicians and future initiatives

they are ready to explore to enhance collaboration.

Population, health and educational factors affectingantibiotic use: an observational study in PortugalA. Teixeira Rodrigues1,2, F. Roque1,3,4, S. Soares1, A.

Figueiras5,6, M.T. Herdeiro1,7,8, 1Center for Cell Biology,

University of Aveiro (CBC/UA), Portugal, 2Faculty of

Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Portugal,3Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic

Institute of Guarda (UDI/IPG), Portugal, 4University of

Beira Interior (UBI),Portugal, 5University of Santiago de

Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain,6Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology &

Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiologıa y Salud Publica

- CIBERESP), Spain, 7Center for Health Technology &

Information Systems Research (CINTESIS/FMUP),

Portugal, 8CESPU-IPSN, Portugal

Considering that, in Portugal, antibiotic use varies a lot

between regions, revealing that this is a very complex

problem affected by several factors, our aim was to

assess how social, health, geographic and educational

factors affect antibiotic use.

Methods: Outpatient antibiotic consumption data (ATC:

J01) of the Centre Region Health of Portugal, provided

by IMS Health Portugal, was analyzed as DID –

Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day. We

analyzed the influence of education and learning in-

dicators, of health indicators and population indicators,

published in Statistics Portugal website – Instituto

Nacional de Estatıstica, www.ine.pt, in the antibiotic

consumption rates.

Results: Social, health, geographic and educational

indicators reveals the heterogeneity of Portugal in this

context. The healthcare system varies a lot from region

to region in several statistical indicators, namely in terms

of the number of health professionals per inhabitant or

academic qualifications of the population. The statistical

analysis revealed that several factors could influence

antibiotic consumption rates in Portugal, which could

help to explain the differences found between munici-

palities and regions. Results revealed statistical signifi-

cant relations between antibiotic consumption and

education indicators, as illiteracy rate, health indicators,

as performance and infra-structures health service char-

acteristics, and population indicators, as mean age.

Conclusions: Antibiotic use is a very complex process

that demands the evaluation of many factors which can

be affecting it. Our results revealed that to improve

antibiotic use, aiming to tackle the increasing rates of

antimicrobial resistances, healthcare providers and

health authorities must consider the influence of social,

geographic, economic, health and clinical factors.

Postgraduate pharmacy student perceptions andexpectations of academic feedbackC.S. Schneider, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of

Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Academic feedback is commonly a poorly rated aspect

of the undergraduate student experience in the UK.

There is however little specific information on the

perceptions of postgraduate students regarding aca-

demic feedback. This study aimed to gather the percep-

tions of postgraduate pharmacy students regarding

feedback.

Methods: A previously developed questionnaire by

Beaumont and colleagues (2008) was delivered face-to-

face to 35 students at a UK university in May 2013 at the

end of their graduate diploma for overseas pharmacists.

The data was analysed descriptively for the quantitative

Page 2: Postgraduate pharmacy student perceptions and expectations of academic feedback

e46 Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 10 (2014) e1–e64

component of the questionnaire and the qualitative data

was thematically analysed. Ethical approval was ob-

tained from the institution’s educational research ethics

committee.

Results: An overall response rate of 89% (N¼31) was

achieved for the quantitative section of the question-

naire. The open-ended section was completed by 29%

(N¼10) of the sample. The majority of respondents were

satisfied with their previous and current feedback

experiences, which differs to research measuring under-

graduate student satisfaction. However, some students

(38%) were often unclear what constituted good perfor-

mance after feedback was provided. A minority of

students (48%) agreed that peer feedback was useful.

Respondents described ideal feedback as detailed, indi-

vidual, timely and provided with grades in both written

and verbal formats.

Conclusions: Postgraduate pharmacy students have a

more positive opinion of their experience of feedback

than undergraduates. The feedback process may be

improved by including model answers alongside individ-

ual feedback. Feedback via multimedia may address

student preferences for multiple types of feedback

provision.

Reference:

Beaumont, C., O’Doherty, M. & Shannon, L. 2008.

Staff and student perceptions of feedback quality in the

context of widening participation. Higher Education.

Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Older PeopleDischarged to Residential Aged Care FacilitiesA. Poudel1, N.M. Peel2, L. Nissen1,3,4, C. Mitchell4, L.C.

Gray2, R.E. Hubbard2, 1School of Pharmacy, University

of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 2Centre for

Research in Geriatrics Medicine, The University of

Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 3School of

Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology,

Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4Centre for Safe and Effective

Prescribing, The University of Queensland, Brisbane,

QLD, Australia

The frequency of prescribing potentially inappropriate

medications (PIMs) in older patients remains high

despite evidence of adverse outcomes from their use.

This study aims to identify the prevalence and nature of

PIMs at admission to acute care and at discharge to

residential aged care facilities (RACFs) using the

recently updated Beers’ Criteria. We also aim to identify

if polypharmacy, age, gender and the frailty status of

patients are independent risk factors for receiving a

PIM.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 206 patients

discharged to RACFs from acute care. All patients were

aged at least 70 years and were admitted between July

2005 and May 2010; their admission and discharge

medications were evaluated. Frailty status was measured

using a Frailty Index (FI) derived from the interRAI AC

assessment instrument.

Results: Mean patient age was 84.8 � 6.7 years; the

majority (57%) were older than 85 years and were frail.

Patients were prescribed a mean of 7.2 regular medica-

tions at admission and 8.1 on discharge. At least one

PIM was identified in 112 (54.4%) patients on admission

and 102 (49.5%) patients on discharge. Of all medica-

tions prescribed at admission (1728), 10.8% were PIMs

and at discharge of 1759 medications, 9.6% were PIMs.

Out of total 187 PIMs on admission, 56 (30%) were

stopped and 131 were continued; 32 new PIMs were

introduced. Commonly prescribed PIMs were central

nervous system, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal

drugs and analgesics. Frailty status was the only signif-

icant predictor of PIMs at both admission and discharge

(p ¼ 0.016).

Conclusions: A high prevalence of unnecessary drug use

was observed in frail older patients on admission to

acute care hospitals and on discharge to RACFs. The

only association with PIM use was the frailty status of

patients. Further studies are needed to further evaluate

this association.

Prescribing Patterns and Use of Pain Medications inWomen Following Orthopedic Surgical ProceduresL. Ochs1, G. Cattabriga2, C. Tu1, M.L. Pagnucco1, N.

Shah3, J. Bolinaga3, K. Endacot3, J. Kim3, V. Phan3,1Assistant Professor, University of New England (UNE),

College of Pharmacy, Portland, ME, 2Director,

Analytics, Center for Community and Public Health,

UNE, Portland, ME, 3Pharmacy Student, UNE, College

of Pharmacy, Portland, ME

For many common orthopedic surgical procedures,

post-operative pain is routinely managed by dispensing

a predetermined supply of opioids. Given the rapid

growth of these surgical procedures, this may result in

a large number of opioids entering the community

without proper instructions for use. For many patients

this may represent their first experience with opioids.

The risks of misuse, addiction and diversion associated

with opioid use for acute pain are not well described

nor understood. Gender differences are explored in

opioid prescribing patterns following total knee arthro-

plasty (TKA).

Methods: Maine’s All Payers Claims Data, a compre-

hensive medical and pharmacy claims database, was

examined. A retrospective cohort study design was used,

which included women who were opioid naıve post-

TKA from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010.

Women, who underwent surgery 12 months prior to

TKA, with a previous cancer diagnosis or prescribed

methadone, were excluded. The number of pills pre-

scribed per initial prescription and for the following year

post-TKA was examined.

Results: Overall, 873 women underwent TKA with the

number of procedures nearly doubling between 2006 and

2010. Within the same time period, the mean number of

opioid tablets dispensed per initial prescription increased