positive attitude
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Dear All, We hope, the attached PPT will help you to develop your positive thinking. You can share it among your employees or friends. Thanks and Regards, H.R. Solutions.TRANSCRIPT
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Positive Positive AttitudesAttitudes
a key a key for successfor success
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Training Objectives -
• Know what attitudes are?• What are the sources of attitude?• What is the role of attitude in life?• Types of attitude. • Understand the relationship
between attitudes and behavior, especially regarding performance on the job.
• What are the effects of attitude?• How to improve attitude of others?
At the end of this training, you should:
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Attitudes Defined• Briefly defined, an “attitude”
represents a predisposition to respond in a favorable or unfavorable way to persons or objects in one’s environment.
• For instance, when we say we “like” something or “dislike” something, we are in effect expressing an attitude toward the person or object.
• What are some examples of people or things that you may have strong attitudes about?
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
•Attitudes are evaluative statements - either favourable or unfavorable concerning objects, people, or events . They reflect how on feels about something.
•For example when I say “I like my job” I am expressing my attitude about work.
•Attitude themselves are invisible , but their traces are revealed through a person’s behavior on a series of occasions.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Attitudes: Three Important Assumptions
Three important assumptions underlie the concept of attitudes:
1) An attitude is a hypothetical construct - we cannot actually see attitudes, although we can often see their consequences.
2) An attitude is a un-dimensional construct - it usually ranges from very positive to very negative.
3) Attitudes are believed to be somewhat related to subsequent behavior, although as we’ll see, this relationship can be unclear.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Social Psychology and Attitude Research I• Attitude has been a central concept in social
psychology throughout its history.• An attitude is one of many constructs that
social psychologists have invoked to help explain consistencies and differences in behavior.
• For example, if person A responds favorably toward a particular group and person B responds unfavorably toward that same group, the differences in behaviors can be “explained” by attributing different attitudes toward the two persons.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Social Psychology and Attitude Research II• Beginning in the 1950’s, social
psychologists studied areas such as: – How attitudes are formed.– How attitudes are changed.– How attitudes relate to behavioral
intentions - what people intend to do.
– How attitudes relate to behaviors themselves - what people actually do.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Job Attitudes: Three Related Components
• The job attitude is the middle component in a belief-evaluation-behavior chain:
1) Beliefs about aspects of the job. “My work has long stretches with nothing to do.”
2) The evaluative component, i.e., the attitude itself.
“I am dissatisfied with my job.”3) Work-related behavioral intentions that follow from the attitude.
“I’m intending to quit my job.”
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Job Attitudes and Actual Behavior
• The belief, attitude, intention sequence is presumably followed by actual behavior.
• For example, if I believe that my job is boring, and if my evaluation of my job is that it is unsatisfying, and I intend to quit, I may indeed actually leave my job.
• This traditional model suggests that behaviors (including job performance) are largely influenced by job attitudes.
• Recently, this traditional model has been questioned as being too simple and some more comprehensive alternatives have been developed.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Is A Happy Worker A Productive Worker?
• Over the years, one of the most strongly held beliefs among managers and I/O psychologists is that there is a relationship between a worker’s job satisfaction and his/her job performance.
• In 60 year’s worth of research I/O psychologists have found highly variable linkages between job satisfaction and job performance.
• The most recent examination by Timothy Judge and his colleagues suggests a correlation of 30 % between satisfaction and performance, a small but meaningful association.
• Why is this association not larger?
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Some Possible Explanations:
• 1) Research and Measurement Issues:– Is “job performance” defined correctly?– Can you predict specific behaviors from a general
attitude toward the job.
• 2) “Moderator” Effects:– Satisfaction-performance relationship is highly
complex (Katzell, Thompson & Guzzo, 1992)– For example, the sat-perf relationship may be
limited by constraints on performance, e.g., group norms for performance, environmental variables such as the speed of an assembly line.
• 3) Dispositional Effects:– Some research has found that a substantial
amount of the variability in job satisfaction may relate to “trait affect.”
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Implications for Organizational Policy I
• So, if little direct linkage exists between job satisfaction and job performance, is it possible for leaders to manage organizations so that employees can be both happy and productive?
• Importantly, while job satisfaction and job performance may have little direct impact on one another, the same organizational conditions, or “levers” may impact both.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Implications for Organizational Policy II• Research and practice indicate that:
– Creating jobs that are intrinsically interesting and important to the people performing them
– Equitably linking extrinsic rewards such as pay to performance
– and setting clear, challenging, acceptable goals…
• Helps companies to perform better on the whole than companies that don’t do these things.
• Organizations need not manage for either satisfaction or performance; high satisfaction and high performance are goals that can be met jointly.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
How I/O Psychologists Help Organizations to Assess and
to Manage Attitudes
• Attitude Surveys• Job Design• Personnel Selection• Change Management• Training• Performance Appraisal
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
There’s More to it than just General Job
SatisfactionOther commonly measured job attitudes
include:• Attitudes toward specific job features
– Performance evaluations– Benefit programs– Organizational leaders
• Organizational commitment• Career commitment• Work-life balance
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Components of Attitude
Cognitive Affective Behavior
OpinionFeeling Intention to behave
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Sources of attitude
Teachers
Living Conditions
Popular person
Friends
Attitude
Parents
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Types of Attitude
Attitude
Positive
Negative
OrganisationalCommitment
Job involvement
Job satisfaction
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Relation betweenAttitude & Behavior
Attitude Behavior
Work/RelationOutput
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Low productivity
Indiscipline
Poor Quality of workBad relationsCareerIndustrial Dispute
Effects of attitude
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
How to change attitude If people like you, they are more
apt to identify and adopt your message . Be convincing, credible and liked. Be believable, knowledgeable about what you are liking. Present your arguments clearly
and persuasively.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
How to change attitude If people like you, they are more
apt to identify and adopt your message . Be convincing, credible and liked. Be believable, knowledgeable about what you are liking. Present your arguments clearly
and persuasively.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Attitudes that are expressed publicly are more difficult to change because
it requires one to admit he or she has made a mistake.
Oral persuasion techniques are most effective when you use a positive, tactful tone, present strong evidence
to support your position, tailor your argument to the listener, use logic, and support your evidence by appealing to the employees’ fears, frustrations and other emotions.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
The use of training sessions where employees share and personalize experiences, and practice new behaviours can be powerful stimulants for change.
Conducting attitudes surveys and suitable remedy.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
Summary of Learning Points
• Most psychologists believe that attitudes are an important precursor to behavior.
• Attitudes on the job - e.g., job satisfaction - are also related to behavior, although not necessarily to summary measures of job performance.
• On the whole, companies whose workers have positive attitudes are more effective than those whose workers do not.
• I/O psychologists help companies assess, understand, and influence job satisfaction through mechanisms such as attitude surveys and job design.
Attitude is a small thing that makes a big difference -
Emerson
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