portable & iot display challenges and opportunities - part 1b : uhd, hdr and wide color gamut

Portable&IoTDisplaysPart1b:UHD,HDR&WCG

Market,Technologies,Insights,Challenges&Opportuni8es

©2015~2016,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved

Firstpresented,BayAreaSID.Sep’23rd2015

[email protected]

Agenda•  Part1a:InternalPanel

–  PanelindustryBackground.InternalPanelvsotherDisplaytypes–  TFTDisplaytechnologyandtheprogressionoftheTCON–  Revolu8onsinPortable&IoTDisplays–  Real-worldexample:thebenefitsofDisplayTechnology&Innova8on

•  Part1b:Lookingahead~1+yrs–  4KUHD,HDR&WCGChallenges

•  Part1c:Lookingahead>1yrs–  8Kandbeyond:theVR/ARSOL–  IoTChallenges:BigandSmall(Outsidescope:TouchandTouch-DisplayIntegra8on.Availableseparately)

©2015~6,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 2

2016:WaveofUHDCinema/Movies/Displays

TheHollywoodReporter:“previouslyreported…bothStarWars:TheForceAwakensandKosiniski’supcomingTronsequelwillbereleasedinDolbyVision”

CinemaCon:LaunchedApril23rd2015DCCinemaToday:“DolbyShowcasesEnd-to-EndInnova?onforCinema”“DolbyImpressesCinemaConwith1,000,000:1HDR”

BD-UHDLaunch:Sep’2015(SamsungIFA,Berlin)TV’s&Players:Xmas’15~CES’16

AmazonhNp://www.digitaltrends.com/home-theater/amazon-will-bring-hdr-this-year-transparent-bosch/

NeilixhNp://www.wired.com/2015/03/neilix-will-remake-image-tv/

hNp://www.extremetech.com/extreme/213396-samsung-launches-first-the-worlds-first-4k-blu-ray-player


TechnicolorJune2014:…playsbackonlegacySDRTVsandnewHDRTVscomingtomarket.

Pixels Per Inch maxed out ? Who cares 4K ?


IntelIDF2013

“UHD”:Notjust4K


“UHD” Content = HDR Localized Highlights

•  Ideal HDR : 10% localized highlights 750~1000nits – Background max : 400 nits


No clear path to achieve content intent on consumer OLED

“UHD” Content = Color Gamut Advancement •  Today : sRGB (~72% NTSC), LCD & OLED: ✔

–  Portable devices mostly LCD (60~72%) –  Internet & HD content

•  First step : DCI-P3 (~110% NTSC), LCD: ✔ –  Movie camera, content, cinema –  Backwards/forward compatible

•  Longer Goal : BT2020 (~150% NTSC), LCD: ✔ –  “Superset” container –  Fully contains DCI-P3 –  Fully contains NTSC / sRGB

630

532

467

540

615

DCI-P3sRGB


No clear path to achieve >90% P3 on consumer OLED

LCDRecap:WhiteLEDBacklight

Excita8on

Emission

λ 800nm

X =

440~460nm λ 800nm560nm440~460nm560nm

+ =YAG-PhosphorBlueLED LEDOutput

(dirty)WhiteLED

(dirty)WhiteLED LCDColorFilter(CF60) LCDColorDisplayOutput

RGB

Transmissi8vityIntensity


Color Filter Efficiency

50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

110%120%130%140%150%

CF90

CF72

%NTSC

Rela?veLuminosity 90% NTSC : White LED 110% NTSC : Blue LED + QD (Nanosys proposal)

MatchOriginalBrightness+WideGamut!2xBacklight

2xBacklight


ColorFilter

“WideGamut”LCD:TheStateoftheArt

X =

RG-PhosphorLEDNarrowColorFilter(CF90) ThinnerSpectralPeaks

WiderColorGamut

RGB

532nm447nm 635nm

Thicker/Absorp_veColorFilter

Example:NichiaNS2W266F-HG

TotalBacklightPowerIncrease:1.8~2.4x

100%

WastedEnergy

TransmissionIntensity

20~50%loss15~30%lessefficient


SiAlONKSF

E.g.9.7”Re_naTablet,bruteforceapproachLGDLP097QX1$87 Today:Max440cd/m2 HDR-Only:750cd/m2 UHD10%750cd/m2+90%400@P3

ContrastRa8o 1000:1 1000:1 >50,000:1(RegionalBacklight)

ColorSpace(%NTSC) 94.4% 94% 110%

#LEDs(3.0mmx0.4) 2x42pcs=84pcs49pcs(4.2mm)

143pcs(1.7x)83pcs(4.2mm)

184pcs(2.2x)108pcs(4.2mm)

LEDBOMCost $13.27 $22.60(+$9.33) $29.20(+$16.64)

BacklightBar 2S-edge(49pcs@3m)✓ 2S-edge(35pcs@4m)✗2L-edge(46pcs@4m)✓

2L-edge(46pcs@4m)✗2L+2S(162pcs@4m)✓ (4edges)

B/LPower(max) 4.4W 8.9W* 11.6W*

BaNeryLifeVideouse-case,42.5WHr

400nits5.57Hrs200nits10Hrs

4.08Hrs 3.22Hrs(Same5.57Hr=73.5WHrBaNery)

BaNeryCost(10Hrs) $31 $72(+$41) $91(+$43)

TotalBOMCostAdder ~ >$50 >$60

IGZO25~30%moreefficient,only2edgebacklight©2015~6,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 11

WhatwouldthatlooklikewithHDR&WCG?


Re8na:2sideLED-strip Re8na+HDR:4sidedLED-strip+Bezel

WiderBezel

AddedCost


7mmiPadRe8na

6.9mmiPadAir2

6.1mmiPadPro9.7”

9mmiPadXHDR

2012BaNery:32.9WHr

HDRBaNery:73.5WHr

WhatwouldthatlooklikewithHDR&WCG?

2014BaNery:27.62WHr

2016BaNery:27.5WHr

Imagine,iPadX:Thicker&HeavierwithHDR&WCG?

IsQuantumDotthesolu_on?

λ 380nm 780nm

I

X =

BlueLED

Thin/WideColorFilter(CF72) UltraWideColorGamut

GreenQD RedQD

BlueLED+QuantumDotFilm

100%

FWHM:35~25nm FWHM:35~25nm FWHM:35~25nm


Energy-wastereduced=+20~30%EfficiencyImprovement…beNer,butdoesnotachieve1000nitHDR

QDIssues:$$$Cost.Thickness.Thermal/O2Stability(Life_me).QDchoices:HeavyMetals:Cadmium,orlowerefficiency/life:Indium

Whatisneeded:•  Moreefficiencywithsamelifespanas(Inorganic)LED+LCD

– Recycle,shiv,&re-emitunusedwavelengths

•  BrightnessofLED+LCD,withbeNerthanOLEDdynamicrange•  WiderContrastRa8o:beNerblacksthrulocalizedhighlights•  Op8mizedop8cs:loweroverallpower,withlocalizedbrightspots•  Morepurelightsources:moreefficiency&widercolorgamut


Solu8onsthatextend/leveragecurrenttechnologies&processes

“UHD” Content = 10x Bandwidth & Power

•  BluRay (FHD) è BluRayUHD (4K) –  More Pixels (4x) –  30 è 60fps (2x) –  18/24bit è 30/36 bit per pixel (1.25~1.5x) è10~12x Bandwidth (20x for 4K-Stereo3D)


•  Reminder : Power = VIL + akV2F (leakage power + active power) –  If F(frequency) or a(activity) = 4x increase, then power increase = Linear ?

–  No. Higher F also requires higher Voltage è Cubic increase in power

Opportunity : Efficiency improvements

1990’s~2014 : Display Experience

FrameRate(Hz)24

ContrastRa8o

ColorGamut

ColorPrecision

BT.2020

DCI-P3

NTSC<72%sRGB

FP

<500:11000:1

50,000:1

Resolu8on

HD~FHDQHD

4K

8K

1500:1

≤300nits750nits

1000nits

500nits

60 12048

DynamicRange

10

6~8bpp12


24~30fps(on60Hz)

2015~ : UHD Display Experience

ContrastRa_o

ColorGamut

ColorPrecision

DCI-P3

10bpc+PQ

50,000:1

Resolu8on

4K

750nits

60Hz

DynamicRange


vs2015•  2~4xincreaseinres•  2~3xcolorgamut•  2~xbrightnessrange•  ~10xcontrastra8o•  10~20xbandwidth

24

BT.2020

NTSC

FP

1000:1

50,000:1

QHD

8K

1000nits

500nits

1204812 610 8

4K+HDR+P3UHD=10xchange

FrameRate(Hz)

Conclusions•  TsunamiofUHDcontentin2016

– UHDnotjustabout:morepixels.ItisaboutBeNerPixels

•  Compellingexperience,very-highWAF*fornewproductsales– WeareallgoingtowantthisonMobile/PortablePlaiorms– OLEDverychallengedneeds“waivers”onrequirements– LCDneedsimprovementstogetthereonportableplaiorms

•  Opportuni8es:Many– Brightness,ColorGamut,ColorBitDepth,Bandwidth,DynamicRange– Revolu8onizingtheLightsourceitself

©2015~6,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 19*WAF:“WifeAcceptanceFactor”

Next:Looking>1yrsahead


Backup


TFT Backplane (OLED/LCD) A-SiAmorphousSi

LTPSLow-TempPolySi

IGZOOxide

ElectronMobility(higher=beNer) Ok(<1cm2/V-sec)) Best(>100) BeNer(>10cm2/V-sec)

OffLeakageCurrent(lower=beNer) Ok(10-12) BeNer(10-14) Best(10-15)

Deposi8onProcess(lower=beNer) 350°C 600°C RoomTemp

ProcessComplexity Low(4~5steps) High(5~11steps) Low(5~7steps)

PixelComplexity High(4T/5T+1/2C) High(5T+2C) Lo/Hi(2/6T+1/2C)

ProcessScalability Gen10(2.8mx3.1m) Gen5(1.1mx1.2m) Gen10(2.8mx3.1m)

Mura(Uniformity) Good Ok:Inter-column Ok:Regional

DriverIntegra8on(cost/lowprofile) Par8al Yes Yes

Prac8calDPI(backlight,power,speed) <300ppi >500ppi >500ppi

Prac8calHighRef(w/ooverdrive) <80Hz <120Hz >80Hz

Prac8calLowRef(w/oflicker) >45Hz >30Hz >20Hz

Prac8calApplica8on Under300ppi Panels≤10” Panels≥7”

Claimed:Simplest.Cheapest

BestLowRefreshRange

BestHighRefreshRange


iPhoneBOMCost


iPadBOM


LEDEfficiency–NichiacaseexampleFlux Intensity Efficiency Size Example Est.Cost

StandardW-LED ~8lm ~2.5cd 110~135lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.4 NSSW306-F $0.132

SingleRG-LED ~6.8lm ~2.3cd 110~120lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.4 NSSW306-F

DoubleW-LED 16.4lm 4.5cd 125~155lm/W 4.2x1.0x0.6 NSSW266-F $0.268

DoubleRG-LED 14.5lm 4.5cd 120~145lm/W 4.2x1.0x0.6 NSSW266-F

StandardW-LED ~9.5lm ~2.8cd 140~165lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.6 NSSW306-F $0.158

SingleRG-LED ~8.1lm ~2.7cd 140~lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.6 NSSW306-HG

Source:hNp://www.nichia.co.jp/en/product/led_search.html?op=cond=applica8on=%27LCD%20Backligh8ng%27


NanosysQDProposal


hNps://www.nanosysinc.com/s/high-efficiency-lcds-using-quantum-dot-films.pdf