portable & iot display challenges and opportunities : part 1a

Portable&IoTDisplaysPart1a:InternalPanels

Market,Technologies,Insights,Challenges&Opportuni8es

©2015~2016,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved

Firstpresented,BayAreaSID.Sep’23rd2015

[email protected]

Agenda•  Part1a:InternalPanel

–  PanelindustryBackground.InternalPanelvsotherDisplaytypes–  TFTDisplaytechnologyandtheprogressionoftheTCON–  Revolu8onsinPortable&IoTDisplays–  Real-worldproductexample:benefitsofDisplayTechnology&Innova8on

•  Part1b:Lookingahead1+yr–  UHD,4K,HDR&WCGChallenges

•  Part1c:Lookingahead>1yr–  8Kandbeyond:theVR/ARSOL–  IoTchallenges:BigandSmall–  Overallconclusions(Outsidescope:TouchandTouch-DisplayIntegra8on.Availableseparately)

Warning:LCD-centriccontentahead,yourmileagemayvary©2015,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 2

•  Revenue*>$100billion– 2012:>$15billoss– 2014:BreakEven

•  Conclusions:–  JapanLCDmakerslosingshare

– ChinagainingfasterthanTaiwan/Korea >10yrFoundryInvestmentsèIntenselycompe88ve

50~75%ofLCDCost=FoundryDeprecia8on*

Panel Industry Revenue

©2015,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 3*Source:DisplaySearchIndustryReport2013

Whatdo“BillionDollar”LCDFab’slooklike?

•  Let’spicktwoorthogonalexamples:Sharp,BoE

•  Extracredit,homeworkques8on:es8matethecost&8metoswitchtheseFab’sfromLCD,toOLED?

©2015,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 4

SharpLCDKameyamaFab(MeiPrefecture)


ImagineYouareHere

SharpLCDKameyama


Speck=Car

TwoBoELCDFabs


BoE#7HeFei(Gen8)

BoE#4BeiJing(Gen4-5)

~1km

ChinaisinvesOnginyetmoreTFTLCDFabs…•  April2015:“BoEtosplashRMB70billion(~$10bil)onnewLCDdisplayfabs”

“PlantobuildanewGen10.5TFT-LCDfabinHeFei,AnHuiandaGen8.5LCDfabfortheproduc8onofnewtypeofdisplays”

•  HereisanotherChinesefab,equallyvisiblefromspace…


Internal Panel Industry Growth

Source : NPD DisplaySearch 2014

Internal Panel

External Monitor, TV


Display Technology has changed•  CRT 50/60Hz Screen Refresh

– 1920’s Technology

•  TFT = Charge-Hold Device – 1~7 transistors per pixel – DRAM-like storage capacitor Cs – Holds information, low leakage – Used for LCD, OLED, MEMS, eInk…

! Realiza8on:NotdrivingaCRT,sowhydofixed60Hzpanelrefresh?èInven8onofVariableRefresh(aka:sDRRS,NVDPS,G-SYNC)

CS CS


New Display Technologies : TFT is the Medium

•  KeyTechnologies:IGZO,LTPS,Polymer,Blue-Phase,…•  OLED&LCDResolu8ondrivingTFTtransistorcountontheGlass

CRT:50to120Hz IncumbentTechnology

TFT1stGen:50Hzto60HzCompa8bilityPhase

TFT2nd~4thGen:20Hzto90Hz Disrup8vePhase

TFTfuture:<1Hzto>120Hz

Plasma50to240Hz

1920’s2010E.O.L

2014E.O.L1950’s1980’s

2000’s2010’s


TFTDynamics:SmartPhonePixels/Transistors


0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

Feb-08 Jul-09 Nov-10 Apr-12 Aug-13 Dec-14

PixelsiPhone6+

iPhone5

iPhone4iPhone3GS 0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

Dec-07Dec-08Dec-09Dec-10Dec-11Dec-12Dec-13Dec-14Dec-15

TransistorsiPhone6+

iPhone5iPhone4

iPhone3GS

Moore’sLaw

GrewfasterthanMoore’sLaw

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

MillionsofTransistors(LCD)15.6”TFTLCDNotebooks

GrewmuchfasterthanMoore’sLaw©2015,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 13

PentiumPro: 5m ‘95 AMD K6: 9m ‘97 16x10

38x21

19x10

28x18 32x18 Pentium4: 42m ‘00

AMD K7: 22m ‘99

Moore’s Law (CPU) ~2xTrans / 2yrs

4K, 5K 10bpc ?

8x in 5yrs

10x in 4yrs

Toshiba 4K

LCD by Memory bit

•  LCDgrowingtwiceasfastasDRAMindensity,comparedtoJEDECroadmap–  Drivingfactors:resolu8on,colordepth,novelsub-pixels,newcelldesign

2Gb (2012)

8Gb (2017)

LCD : ~4x, 2.5yrs

4Gb (2014)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

15.6” LCD Panel (Megabits of info) JEDEC DDR4 Mem Roadmap

DRAM : 4x, 5yrs

2.5yrs Source Drivers

Gate D

rivers

16x10

38x21

28x18 32x18

TCON

TCONisthenew“MemoryController”forpixelinforma8on

Pixel/Memory Array

19x10

MBit


Butwaitaminute…

•  RapidgrowthinTransistorgatecountANDDynamicRandomAccessMemory.Whathappenedlast8methatoccurred…?


Intel4004:Microprocessor Intel1103:DynamicRAM

1971Intel:“Announcinganewerainintegratedelectronics”

LogiconTFTGlass=RevoluOonaryIoTEnabler

JDI:RGBWReflec8ve,SRAMMemory-In-Pixel,0.000130/160W

Sharp:Source/GateDriver-On-GlassSharp:Reflec8ve,SRAMMemory-

In-Pixel,0.000010/16W


Sharp:Zero-BezelRoundLCD SourceDriversIC’s

GateDriversIC’s

OldTech:PanelrestrictedtoRectangleBezel

SourceDriversIC’s

GateDriverscircuitsconstructedfrom

TFT

NewGeneraOon:PanelinanyShape

TFTMatrix

TFTMatrix

SIDDisplayWeek–arevoluOonishappening,rightinfrontofus


ComplexAnalog&DigitalCircuits,*in*theTFTBackplaneitself

Recap : What is a TCON ?

TimingController:TCON<10x5mm(VESA)CoGorCoFDrivers

TCON+DriversSingleChip:“DDIC” CoG(Chip-on-Glass)

Backlight & Power

LargeInternalPanel(Notebook,All-in-One)

Source Driver IC

CoG or CoF

Backlight & Power

LCD Panel Gate Driver IC

SmallInternalPanel(Tablet,Smartphone)


AppleexplainsTCONhNp://www.apple.com/imac-with-re8na(atoffset1:00min)

TCON Progression

•  TCONshavelaggedotherSemiconductorsduetoDriver/Glasssignaling•  Vendors:2xGatecountincreaseper-Year.Yearsofprocessrunwayahead


None i.e. lots more “Whitespace”

eDP 1.3 HBR2 DSI1.2 1.5Gbps

Pre-2010 : LVDS/DSI

eDP 1.2 HBR DSI1.1 1Gps

eDP 1.4 HBR3

Big feature change Vs process generation

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

500K

1M

2.5M

5M

Gate Count

90~65nm

55nm

45nm

110~130nm

2015 2.5M Gates

>2xGates >2xGates

2016

2013 1.2M Gates

Opportunity

TCON&DriverVendorsadddigitalvalue,closesttothe“Glass”

2017 2018

Recap : Typical LCD Stack

+30~40% 58~75%Loss

10~50%Loss

5~50%Loss

8~25%Loss

5~10%Loss

Optical (DBEF gain: x1.3~1.5) Optical loss Optical loss

VisibleOut=3~8%ofB

LightIn=B

TFTApertureRaOo

ApertureRaOo:OpaqueTFT+CapVsTransmissivearea

TFTsavingBacklightPower:LTPS=25%IGZO=40%


iPadBOMCostAnalysis–ValueofDisplayIP

Component EsOmate

Display9.7”2048x1536(SharpIGZO) $77

Touchscreen $38

64GBFlash,2GBDRAM $45

ProcessorA8X $22

BaNery27.6WHr $15

Cameras8MP+1.2MP $11

Audio,Sensors,Power,WiFi/GPS,Misc $35

Enclosure,PCB’s,Cables $42

Assembly&Test $5

BOMCost $290

MSRP64GBWiFino-3G $599

Thickness 6.1mm

Weight 437g

Component EsOmate

Display9.7”2048x1536(LGA-SiIPS) $87

Touchscreen $40


ProcessorA5X $23

BaNery32.9WHr $32


Audio,…etc $35


Assembly&Test $5

BOMCost $343


Thickness 7.1mm

Weight 650g

Component EsOmate

Display9.7”1024x768IPS $57

Touchscreen $40


ProcessorA5 $14

BaNery43WHr $23


Audio,…etc $35


Assembly&Test $5

BOMCost $295

MSRP32GBWiFiNo-3G $599

Thickness 13.4mm

Weight 680g

iPad2AiriPadReOna(4thgen)iPad2(2ndgen)


CostofRe8na-1!

Ouch!

Source:IHSTechnology&iSupplireports

iPadBOMCostAnalysis–ValueofDisplayIP

Component EsOmate

Display9.7”2048x1536(SharpIGZO) $77

Touchscreen $38


ProcessorA8X $22

BaNery27.6WHr $15


Audio,Sensors,Power,WiFi/GPS,Misc $35


Assembly&Test $5

BOMCost $290


Thickness 6.1mm

Weight 437gSource:IHSTechnology&iSupplireports

Component EsOmate

Display9.7”2048x1536(LGA-SiIPS) $87

Touchscreen $40


ProcessorA5X $23

BaNery32.9WHr $32


Audio,…etc $35


Assembly&Test $5

BOMCost $343


Thickness 7.1mm

Weight 650g

Component EsOmate

Display9.7”1024x768IPS $57

Touchscreen $40


ProcessorA5 $14

BaNery43WHr $23


Audio,…etc $35


Assembly&Test $5

BOMCost $295

MSRP32GBWiFiNo-3G $599

Thickness 13.4mm

Weight 680g

iPad2AiriPadReOna(4thgen)iPad2(2ndgen)


IGZO!Thinner,cheaper,lighter,faster☺CostofRe8na-1!

MuchBe9er!

HugewinforIGZO

Conclusions•  Interac8vePortabledevicesheavilydependentonDisplays

– Dominatescost,weight,heat,baNery-sizeandbaNery-life

•  Proven:Displaytechnologyimprovementshavevaluableimpact– Enhancedusability.BaNery,weight,BOMcostreduc8on.

•  TFTgrowingfasterthanMoore’sLaw+“hungry”Fab’s–  IoT=IoDT“InternetofDisplayThings”?

•  TCON:enormousopportunityforaddingvaluableDisplayIP


10xchangeinInternalPanelDisplaysalready,what’snext?

Next:Looking1+yrsahead,another10xchange


Backup


TFT Backplane (OLED/LCD) A-SiAmorphousSi

LTPSLow-TempPolySi

IGZOOxide

ElectronMobility(higher=beNer) Ok(<1cm2/V-sec)) Best(>100) BeNer(>10cm2/V-sec)

OffLeakageCurrent(lower=beNer) Ok(10-12) BeNer(10-14) Best(10-15)

Deposi8onProcess(lower=beNer) 350°C 600°C Claimed:RoomTemp

ProcessComplexity Low(4~5steps) High(5~11steps) Low(5~7steps)

PixelComplexity High(4T/5T+1/2C) High(5T+2C) Lo/Hi(2/6T+1/2C)

ProcessScalability Gen10(2.8mx3.1m) Gen5(1.1mx1.2m) Gen10(2.8mx3.1m)

Mura(Uniformity) Good Ok:Inter-column Ok:Regional

DriverIntegra8on(cost/lowprofile) Par8al Yes Yes

Prac8calDPI(backlight,power,speed) <300ppi >500ppi >500ppi

Prac8calHighRef(w/ooverdrive) <80Hz <120Hz >85Hz

Prac8calLowRef(w/oflicker) >45Hz >30Hz >20Hz

Prac8calApplica8on Under300ppi Panels≤10” Panels≥7”

Claimed:Simplest.Cheapest

BestLowRefreshRange

BestHighRefreshRange


iPhoneBOMCost


iPadBOM


LEDEfficiency–NichiacaseexampleFlux Intensity Efficiency Size Example Est.Cost

StandardW-LED ~8lm ~2.5cd 110~135lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.4 NSSW306-F $0.132

SingleRG-LED ~6.8lm ~2.3cd 110~120lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.4 NSSW306-F

DoubleW-LED 16.4lm 4.5cd 125~155lm/W 4.2x1.0x0.6 NSSW266-F $0.268

DoubleRG-LED 14.5lm 4.5cd 120~145lm/W 4.2x1.0x0.6 NSSW266-F

StandardW-LED ~9.5lm ~2.8cd 140~165lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.6 NSSW306-F $0.158

SingleRG-LED ~8.1lm ~2.7cd 140~lm/W 3.0x0.85x0.6 NSSW306-HG

Source:hNp://www.nichia.co.jp/en/product/led_search.html?op=cond=applica8on=%27LCD%20Backligh8ng%27
