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© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Portable Computing Chapter 19

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Portable Computing. Chapter 19. Overview. In this chapter, you will learn to Describe the many types of portable computing devices available Enhance and upgrade portable computers Manage and maintain portable computers Troubleshoot portable computers. Essentials. CompTIA A+ Essentials. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Portable ComputingChapter 19

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Overview

• In this chapter, you will learn to

– Describe the many types of portable computing devices available

– Enhance and upgrade portable computers

– Manage and maintain portable computers

– Troubleshoot portable computers

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

CompTIA A+Essentials

Essentials

Getting the Right Sound Card

Portable Computing Devices

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

LCD Screens

• Major contributor to cost– Most range from 12 inch to 17 inch– Aspect ratio changing from 4:3 standard– For comparison, 16:9 is standard for widescreen– 16:10 is the standard for 17-inch LCD screen

Mode Name ResolutionXGA eXtended Graphics Array 1024 x 768SXGA Super eXtended Graphics Array 1280 x 1024SXGA+ Super eXtended Graphics Array Plus 1400 x 1050WSXGA+ Widescreen SXGA Plus 1680 x 1050UXGA Ultra eXtended Graphics Array 1600 x 1200WUXGA Widescreen UXGA 1920 x 1200

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

LCD Screens

• Two types of finishes

• Matte– Traditional standard– Reduces glare– Washes out a lot in bright light– Hopeless in bright daylight

• High Gloss– Relatively new– Offers sharper contrast, richer colors and wider

viewing angles

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• Typical laptops can function as a fully standalone PC – Can be used as a

desktop replacement

– Input devices• Trackballs on early laptops• IBM’s TrackPoint—pencil eraser–sized

joystick in the middle of the keyboard• Touchpads

Desktop Replacements

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Desktop Extenders

• Desktop extenders are portable devices

– Not intended to take the place of a desktop

– Think of them as a smaller, lighter, less-powerful laptop for less intensive use

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

PDAs

• Personal digital assistants (PDAs) – Tiny, handheld portable computing devices

– Address book, personal notes, appointments, word processors, image viewers

– Often use handwriting recognition with a pen-style stylus for pen-based computing

– Use specialized OS such as Windows CE, PocketPC, PalmOS, and Linux

– Made by Palm, Sony, Toshiba, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, and other companies

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

PDA Features

• HotSync– Can synchronize data between PDA

and office PC– PalmOS calls it HotSync

• Beaming– PDAs typically have IR ports– Can transfer data (beam) between PDAs

• PDA Memory– Internal flash ROM of 1 MB or more– CompactFlash cards that are

removable and upgradeable for removable storage needs

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Tablet PCs

• Combines handwriting benefits of PDAs with power of traditional laptops

• Use a stylus to write

• Applications can use digital ink to capture pen strokes

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Portable Computer Device Types

Screen Size Weight Uses

Desktopreplacements

14–20 inches 8–12 lbs Mobile anything

Desktop extenders

10–14 inches 4 lbs Presentations, note taking

Ultralights 6–12 inches 2–3 lbs Long-term traveling

Tablet PCs 10–12 inches 4 lbs Niche market

Ultra-mobile PCs

4–7 inches 1–2 lbs Niche market

PDAs 3–4 inches 1 lb Organization

PDA phones 2 niches < 1 lb Eliminates cell phone

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

IT Technician

CompTIA A+Technician

Enhance and Upgrade the Portable PC

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

PC Cards

• PC Cards are commonly known as the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)– Hot-swappable devices – Easy to use, inexpensive, and convenient

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

PC Cards

• Parallel PC Cards– 16-bit or CardBus (32-bit 3.3V cards)– Three sizes: Type I (thinnest), II, and III (thickest)– Cards can have one or many functions

• ExpressCard– High-performance serial version– Can connect to USB 2.0 slot (480 Mbps) or PCIe (2.5

Gbps)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Card Types

Type Length Width Thickness Typical Use

Type I 85.6 mm 54 mm 3.3 mm Flash memory

Type II 85.6 mm 54 mm 5.0 mm I/O (modem, NIC, etc.)

Type III 85.6 mm 54 mm 10.5 mm Hard drives

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

PC Cards

• Two levels of software drivers– Socket services

• Device drivers that enable the system to detect when a PC Card is inserted or removed

• Provide necessary I/O to the device• Standardized and handled by the system BIOS

– Card services• Recognize the function of a particular PC Card and provide

the specialized drivers required to make the card work• Handled by Windows• Accessed via PCMCIA option in Control Panel

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Limited-Function Ports

• All portable PCs and many PDAs come with a variety of ports– VGA connection for hooking up an external monitor– PS/2 port for an external keyboard or mouse– Built-in NICs and modems for network support

• All of these work the same as in desktop PCs

– Video ports• External monitor, projector,

or a combination of both

– Speaker ports– Extra function key

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

General-Purpose Ports

• Legacy ports – PS/2, RS-232

• USB and FireWire– Work same as in PC

• Port replicators – Plug into a single port – Offer common PC ports

such as serial, parallel, network, and PS/2

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Docking Stations

• Gives laptops access to PC resources– Large monitors, regular mice, network connections,

and full-size keyboards

• Provides an easy way to take your laptop in and out of the office

• Basically a port replicator with extra features such as a DVD drive or PC Card slots

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Replacing RAM

• No standard method– You usually have to unscrew or pop open a panel

on the underside of the portable

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Shared Memory

• Reduces cost of video cards– Reduces amount of memory on the video card

• Shared memory technologies– TurboCache (NVIDIA)– HyperMemory (ATI)

• System RAM will report less RAM available– Not shared as much as taken from OS– Once taken, OS no longer has access to the RAM

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

The Modular Laptop

• Common components that can be replaced or upgraded in a portable PC

– Hard drives• 2.5-inch ATA drives most common• Cable select often required• Otherwise the same as regular

3.5-inch drives

– Modular CPUs• Just replace with a newer module from Intel or AMD

– Video cards• Least standardized

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

The Modular Laptop

• Common components that can be replaced or upgraded in a portable PC

– Modular Drives• CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-R/W, hard drives

– Mobile NICs and Mini PCI• Most laptops have dial-up modems and Ethernet• Many also come with integrated wireless

networking support• Many devices can be toggled on and off with key

combinations such as FN-F2

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Managing and Maintaining Portable Computers

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Maintenance

• Everything you normally do to maintain a PC applies to portable PCs

– Windows patches and Service Packs– Upgrading drivers– CHKDSK– ScanDisk– Defragment– Disk Cleanup

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Batteries

• Three types of commonly used batteries– Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd)– Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH)– Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Nickel-Cadmium Batteries

• Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries

– First batteries commonly used in mobile PCs

– Battery memory is the tendency of a Ni-Cd battery to lose a significant amount of its recharge ability

– Conditioning charge could sometimes resolve battery memory problem

– At best, can only be recharged about 1000 times

– Toxic—dispose of at recycling centers

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Nickel Metal Hydride

• Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries

– Next generation of mobile PC batteries

– Less susceptible to memory problems and last longer between recharges

– Still susceptible to heat

– Popular replacement for Ni-Cd systems

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Lithium Ion

• Lithium Ion batteries– Most common type of battery used today– Powerful– Completely immune to memory problems– Built-in circuitry to prevent accidental overcharging

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Other Portable Power Sources

• Smart batteries – Tell the computer when they need to be charged,

conditioned, or replaced

• Fuel cells– Promising new technology that could power a

laptop for up to 40 hours before refilling– Hasn’t yet reached the consumer market

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Battery Maintenance

• Batteries should be stored in a cool place

• Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries should be conditioned by using a special charger

• Battery contacts should be kept clean using a little alcohol or dry cloth

• Used or old batteries should be recycled

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Power Management

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Power Management

• Power management goals

– Shut down unused devices selectively

– Define a maximum period of inactivity

– Shut down the entire system during longer periods of inactivity

– Ready to restart if triggered by a wake-up event

– Sensitive to potential hazards like shutting down the hard drive in the middle of a write operation

– Keep the system cost about the same

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

System Management Mode

• System Management Mode (SMM) – Set of features that enables the CPU to slow down

or stop its clock without deleting information

– Stops the CPU and all of the peripherals

– Requires a specialized BIOS and OS

– To further power management capabilities, Intel introduced

• Advanced Power Management (APM) in 1992 • Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) in 1996

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Requirements for APM/ACPI

• APM and ACPI require the following in order to function properly

– An SMM-capable CPU

– APM-compliant BIOS

– Devices that will accept being shut off (“Energy Star”)

– A system OS that knows how to request the shutdown of a particular device

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

APM/ACPI Levels

• Full On– No power management—everything running

• APM Enabled– CPU and RAM running at full power– Unused devices may or may not be shut down

• APM Standby– CPU is stopped (can easily be restarted)– RAM still stores all the programs– All peripherals are shut down

• APM Suspend– Everything is shut down or at its lowest power-consumption– Hibernation (stores everything in RAM on the hard drive before

powering down)

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

APM/ACPI Configuration

• CMOS settings • Windows– Overrides CMOS

settings

– Display applet in Control Panel

• Settings Advanced Monitor tab

– Power Management applet in Control Panel

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Configuration of APM/ACPI— Windows

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Cleaning & Heat

• Cleaning– Use a screen cleaner to clean the LCD screen (not a

glass cleaner)– Use compressed air to clean out the keyboard and PC

Card sockets

• Heat– Use power management– Keep air space between the bottom of the laptop and

the surface it sits on– Don’t use a keyboard protector– Listen for fan running a lot or stopping

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Protect the Machine

• Protect your investment with best practices

– Tripping Watch the power cord

– Storage Protect from damage and dirt

– Travel Remember foreign power is 230 V

– Shipping Protect from damage and theft

– Security Protect from theft

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Troubleshooting

• Laptop won’t power on– Verify the outlet is good– Verify the adapter is good– Remove all peripherals

• Screen doesn’t come on properly– Make sure the display is on– Press FN key combination to activate the screen

• Wireless networking doesn’t work– Check for physical or software switch to turn it on– Ensure you’re in range

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Troubleshooting

• Handwriting is not recognized– May need to retrain the digitizer

• Keypad doesn’t work– Probably unseated keypad connector– Check manufacturer’s disassembly procedures

• Touchpad doesn’t work– Clean with compressed air– May need to reconfigure touchpad driver

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Beyond A+

• Intel’s Centrino Technology– Extremely low power– Fast CPUs– Integrated wireless networking

• Origami—Ultra-Mobile PCs (UMPC)– Small form factor tablet PC– Runs full-fledged OS such as

Windows XP or Vista