Methods in Enzymology

Volume 125

BiomembranesPart M

Transport in Bacteria, Mitochondria, an dChloroplasts :

General Approaches and Transport Systems

Sidney FleischerBecca Fleischer

CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 125 X i

PREFACE i' .,1 XVi i

VOLUMES IN SERIES XIX

Section I . General Approache s

1 . Energetics of Proton Transport and Secondary HAGAI ROTTENBERG

3Transport

A. Membrane Characteristics and Chemistry

2 . Isolation of Highly Coupled Heart Mitochondria PETER P . TOTH ,in High Yield Using a Bacterial Collagenase

SHELAGH M . FERGUSON-MILLER ,AND CLARENCE H . SUELTER 1 6

3. Alkyl Glycoside Detergents : Synthesis and Appli- T . VANAKEN ,cations to the Study of Membrane Proteins

S . FOXALL-VANAKEN ,S . CASTLEMAN, AN DS . FERGUSON-MILLER

27

4 . Lipid Enrichment and Fusion of Mitochondrial In- CHARLES R . HACKENBROCKner Membranes

AND BRAD CHAZOTTE

3 5

5 . Changes of Surface and Membrane Potentials in NAOKI KAMO ANDBiomembranes

YoNOSUKE KOBATAKE

46

6 . Rate of Redox Reactions Related to Surface Po- SHIGERU ITOH ANDtential and Other Surface-Related Parameters in MITSUO NISHIMURA

58

Biological Membrane s

7 . Use of N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to Study MACIEJ J . NAfECZ ,Membrane-Bound Enzymes

ROBERT P . CASEY, AN DANGELO AzzI

86

8. Voltammetric Measurements of Quinones

ROGER C . PRINCE ,PAUL LLOYD-WILLIAMS ,J . MALCOLM BRUCE, AN DP . LESLIE DUTTON

109

9. Determination of Partition Coefficients of BARRY S . BRAUN ,Quinones by High-Performance Liquid Chro- ULI BENBOW ,matography

PAUL LLOYD-WILLIAMS ,J . MALCOLM BRUCE, ANDP . LESLIE DUTTON

119

B. Membrane Assembly, Mutations, and Cloning Strategy

10 . Function of Protonmotive Force in Translocation LINDA L . RANDALL

129of Protein across Membrane s

11 . Use of Secretion Cloning Vectors for Guiding the CHARLES A . LuNN ,

Localization of Proteins in Escherichia coli

MASAYASU TAKAHARA, AN D

MASAYORI INOUYE

13 8

12 . Use of lac Gene Fusions to Study Transport Pro- HOWARD A . SHUMAN

150tein s

13 . Use of Transposons to Isolate and Characterize MAURICE C . JONES-MORTIMER

Mutants Lacking Membrane Proteins, Illus- AND PETER J . F . HENDERSON 15 7trated by the Sugar Transport Systems of Es-

cherichia coli

14 . ECF Locus in Escherichia coli : Defect in Energi- JEN-SHIANG HONG

180zation for ATP Synthesis and Active Transport

15 . Mutations in the eup Locus of Escherichia coli, CHARLES A . PLATE

187Energy Uncoupled Phenotype

16 . Methods for Mutagenesis of the Bacterioopsin MARIE A . GILLES-GONZALEZ ,

Gene

NEIL R . HACKETT ,

SIMON J . JONES ,

11 .GOBIND KHORANA ,

DAE-SIL LEE, KIN-MING LO ,

AND JOHN M . MCCoY

190

17 . Oligonucleotide-Directed Site-Specific Mutagene- HEMANFA K . SARKAR ,

sis of the lac Permease of Escherichia coli

PAUL V . VIITANEN ,

ETANA PADAN ,

WILLIAM R . TRUMBLE ,

MOHINDAR S . POONIAN ,

WARREN MCCOMAS, AN D

H . RONALD KABACK

21 4

18 . DNA Sequence and Transcription of Genes for VICTOR L . J . TYBULEWICZ ,

ATP Synthase Subunits from Photosynthetic GUNNAR FALK, AN D

Bacteria

JOHN E . WALKER

230

Section II . Bacterial Transport

19. Membrane Transport in Rickettsiae

HERBERT H . WINKLER

25 3

20. Transport in Mycoplasmas

SHLOMO ROTTEM AN D

VINCENT P . CIRILLO

259

21 . Transport through the Outer Membrane of Bac- HIROSHI NIKAIDO

26 5

teria

22 . Binding Protein-Dependent Active Transport in CLEMENT E . FURLONG

27 9Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimuriu m

23 . Calcium-Induced Permeabilization of the Outer JOHANN M . BRASS

28 9Membrane : A Method for Reconstitution ofPeriplasmic Binding Protein-Dependent Trans -port Systems in Escherichia coli and Salmo-nella typhimurium

24 . Reconstitution of Periplasmic Binding Protein-De- ARTHUR G . HUNT AN Dpendent Glutamine Transport in Vesicles

JEN-SHIANG HONG

302

25. Isolation and Crystallization of Bacterial Porin

R . MICHAEL GARAVITO AN D

JÜRG P . ROSENBUSCH

309

26. Ion Extrusion Systems in Escherichia coli

BARRY P . ROSEN

328

27. Intracellular pH Regulation in Bacterial Cells

ETANA PADAN AN D

SHIMON SCHULDINER

33 7

28 . Regulation of Internal pH in Acidophilic and Alka- T . A . KRULWICH AN D

lophilic Bacteria

A . A . GUFFANTI

35 2

29 . Peptide Transport in Bacteria

CHRISTOPHER F . HIGGIN S

AND MARGARET M . GIBSON 36 5

30 . Methods for the Study of the Melibiose Carrier of DOROTHY M . WILSON ,

Escherichia coli

TOMOFUSA TSUCHIYA, AN D

T . HASTINGS WILSON

37 7

31 . Assay, Genetics, Proteins, and Reconstitution of PETER J . F. HENDERSON AN DProton-Linked Galactose, Arabinose, and Xy- ANDREW J . S . MACPHERSON 387lose Transport Systems of Escherichia coli

32. Purification, Reconstitution, and Characterization PAUL VHTANEN ,

of the lac Permease of Escherichia coli

MICHAEL J . NEWMAN ,

DAVID L . FOSTER ,

T . HASTINGS WILSON, AND

H . RONALD KABACK

429

33. Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies and Site- NANCY CARRASCO ,

Directed Polyclonal Antibodies against the lac DORIS HERZLINGER ,

Permease of Escherichia coli

WALEED DANHO, AN D

H . RONALD KABACK

45 3

34. Glycerol Facilitator in Escherichia coli

E . C . C . LIN

46 7

35. Polyhydric Alcohol Transport by Bacteria

JOSEPH W . LENGELER

47 3

36. Alanine Carrier from Thermophilic Bacteria

H . HIRATA

48 5

37 . Generation of a Protonmotive Force in Anaerobic BART TEN BRINK AN D

Bacteria by End-Product Efflux

WIL N . KONINGS

49 2

38 . Light-Driven Chloride Transport in Halorhodop- BRIGITTE SCHOBERT AN Dsin-Containing Cell Envelope Vesicles

JANOS K . LANYI

510

39 . Sodium Translocation by NADH Oxidase of Vi- HAJIME TOKUDA

520brio alginolyticus : Isolation and Characteriza-

tion of the Sodium Pump-Defective Mutant s

40 . Preparation, Characterization, and Reconstitution PETER DIMROTH

53 0of Oxaloacetate Decarboxylase from Klebsiell aaerogenes, a Sodium Pump

41 . Sodium Pump Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxyl- WILHELM HILPERT AN D

ase from Veillonella alcalescens

PETER DIMROTH

540

42 . Biotin-Dependent Decarboxylases as Bacterial WOLFGANG BUCKEL

547Sodium Pumps : Purification and Reconstitution

of Glutaconyl-CoA Decarboxylase from Acid-aminococcus fermentans

43 . Anion Exchange in Bacteria : Reconstitution of SURESH V . AMBUDKAR AN D

Phosphate : Hexose 6-Phosphate Antiport from PETER C . MALONEY

55 8Streptococcus lactis

44. Proton-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motor

ROBERT M. MACNAB

56 3

45 . Sodium-Driven Flagellar Motors of Alkalophilic YASUO IMAE ,

Bacillus

HIROSHI MATSUKURA, AND

SYOYU KOBAYASHI

582

Section III. Transport in Mitochondria and Chloroplast s

A. Mitochondria

46 . Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Channel (VDAC, CARMEN A . MANNELLA

59 5Porin) Two-Dimensional Crystals from Neu-rospora

47 . Reconstitution of ADP/ATP Translocase in Phos- REINHARD KRÄMER

61 0

pholipid Vesicles

48 . Fluorescent Nucleotide Analogs as Active Site MARTIN KLINGENBERG

61 8Probes for the ADP/ATP Carrier and the Un-

coupling Protei n

49 . Techniques for NMR and ESR Studies on the KLAUS BEYER AN D

ADP/ATP Carrier

ANTON MUNDING

63 1

50. Fluorescent Probes of the Mitochondrial ADP/ MARC R . BLOCK ,

ATP Carrier Protein

FRANcoIS BOULAY ,

GERARD BRANDOI .IN ,

YVES DUPONT ,

GUY J . M . LAUQUIN, AND

PIERRE V . VIGNAIS

639

51 . ADP/ATP Carrier : Analysis of Transmembrane WERNER BOGNER AN D

Folding Using Pyridoxal Phosphate

HEINRICH AQUILA

650

52. Chemical Modifications and Active Site Labeling MARC R . BLOCK ,

of the Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier

FRANgOIS BOULAY ,

GERARD BRANDOLIN ,

GUY J . M . LAUQUIN, AN D

PIERRE V . VIGNAIS

65 8

53 . Measurement ofCitrate Transport in Tumor Mito- RONALD S . KAPLAN ,chondria

RISA A . PARLO, ANDPETER S . COLEMAN

67 1

54 . Partial Purification and Reconstitution of the Tri- FERDINANDO PALMIERI ,carboxylate Carrier from Rat Liver Mitochon- ITALO STIPANI ,dria

GIROLAMO PREZIOSO, AN D

REINHARD KRÄMER

69 2

55 . Isolation and Reconstitution of the Phosphate HARTMUT WOHLRAB ,Transport Protein from Mitochondria

HANNO V. J . KOLBE, AND

ANNE COLLINS

697

B. Chloroplast s56 . Transport of Metabolites across the Chloroplast H. W. HELDT AN D

Envelope

U . I . FLÜGGE

70 5

57 . Chloroplast Phosphate-Triose Phosphate-Phos- HA . FLÜGGE AN Dphoglycerate Translocator: Its Identification, H. W . HELDT

71 6Isolation, and Reconstitutio n

AUTHOR INDEX 73 1

SUBJECT INDEX 761