porifera (hewan spons)
TRANSCRIPT
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Porifera (Hewan Spons)
Porifera (Latin, porus = pori, fer = membawa)
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Porifera adalah hewan invertebrata yang tidakmemiliki jaringan sejati (parazoa), tanpa organ dan jaringan dan tubuhnya memiliki banyak pori
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• Habitat : di laut dan air tawar
• Makanan : bakteri dan plankton
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Ciri-ciri tubuh porifera :
• Ukuran tubuh
Sebesar kacang polong hingga 90 cm
• Bentuk tubuh
Simetri radial, vas bunga, jambangan, tabung, atau cabang-cabangseperti tumbuhan
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• Sistem saraf
Sel koanosit
• Sistem pencernaan
Ostium (pori-pori) – Spongosol (rongga tubuh) –Oskulum (lubang pengeluaran)
• Hidup menetap di dasar perairan/sessil
• Sistem reproduksi
- Aseksual : tunas dan gemma
- Seksual : gamet dari arkeosit (spermatozoid dan ovum) membentuk zigot menjadi larva bersilia
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Struktur Tubuh Porifera
• Oskulum
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Tipe saluran air Porifera:
• Tipe askonoid (sederhana)
contoh: Leucoslania
• Tipe sikonoid
contoh: Scypha
• Tipe leukonoid (ragon)
contoh: Euspongia
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Tipe Saluran Air Porifera
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Struktur dan Fungsi Tubuh Porifera
Tubuh porifera terdiri atas 3 lapisan sel yaitusebagai berikut:
1. Pinakosit
Paling luar, pipih, tersusun rapat, terdapatostium, berfungsi untuk melindungi tubuhbagian dalam
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2. Mesohil (mesoglea)
Terletak diantara lapisan luar dan dalam. Mesohilberguna untuk mengedarkan sari sari makanan danoksigen, membuang partikel sisa-sisa metabolismetubuh, membuat spikula (serat spons) dan sel reproduktif
3. Koanosit
Berada di bagian paling dalam, melapisispongosol, berbentuk agak lonjong, salah satu ujungnyamenempel di mesohil. Koanosit berguna untuk mencernamakanan secara intraseluler
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Fisiologi Porifera
1. Makanan dan oksigen masuk kedalam ostium
2. Getaran flagela akan mengarahkan keoskulum
3. Partikel makanan akan terjerat pada muskus
4. Ditelan secara fagositosis
5. Dicerna secara intraseluler di koanosit
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Cara Reproduksi
• Seksual:
Sperma dikeluarkan melalui oskulum dan masukke individu lain melalui ostium. Fertilisasi terjadidi mesohil dan menghasilkan embrio. Embrioakan tumbuh menjadi larva amfiblastula danmenempel di suatu substrat menjadi poriferadewasa.
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• Aseksual:
1. Tunas
Sel sel amebosit yang dikeluarkan akanmembentuk individu baru
2. Gemula
Sekumpulan arkeosit yang yang mengandungcadangan makanan dan dikelilingi amebosit.
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Klasifikasi Porifera
• Porifera dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelasberdasarkan penyusun kerangka tubuhnya:
1. Calcarea/calcispongiae
• (latin, calcare = kapur)
• Memiliki rangka dari zat kapur
• Contoh: Clathrina, scypha, leucosolenia
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• Clathrina
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• Scypha
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• Leucoslonia
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2. Hexactinellida (Hyalospongiae)
• (yunani, hexa = enam, hyalo = transparan/kaca, spongia = spons)
• Kerangka tubuh tersusun atas silika/kaca
• Contoh: Euplectella, Hyalonema
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• Euplectella
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• Hyalonema
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3. Demospongiae
• (yunani, demo = tebal, spongia = spons)
• Memiliki kerangka tubuh yang tersusun atasserabut spongin
• Contoh: Euspongia, Clionacelata, Halichondria, Microciona, Oscarella
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• Euspongia
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• Cliona Celata
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• Halicondria
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• Microciona
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• Oscarella
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4. Sclerospongiae
• Memiliki rangka yang tersusun atas kalsiumkarbonat
• Terlihat seperti batu koral
• Contoh: Ceratoporella dan Stromatospongia
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• Ceratoporella
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Peranan Porifera dalam KehidupanManusia
• Axinella cannabina untuk hiasan di akuarium
• Spongia dan hippospongia untuk spons mandi
• Cliona dapat membantu pelapukan
• Beberapa spons dapat dijadikan obat kanker