populists progressives
TRANSCRIPT
Populists & Progressives
Essential Question
To what extent did the populists and progressives achieve their goals?
Farmers and the Populist MovementChapter 5, Section 3
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Video
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Farmers Unite to Address Common
Problems
What economic problems did many farmers face during the
late 1800s?
Crop prices
fall
Mortgage farm
Buy more land
Produce more crops
Vicious cycle
What economic problems did many farmers face during the
late 1800s?
Good farm land becomes scarce
Bank foreclose on mortgages
Railroads charging excessive prices for shipping and storage
Why did farmers favor “cheap money”?
Retired“greenbacks”
Less $ in circulation
Paid back loans with $ worth more than $ they borrowed
Crop prices falling1867-1887 bushel wheat fell from $2.00 to
$0.68
Banks foreclosing on mortgages
How did farmers try to address their problems and
grievances?
The Patrons of Husbandry (The Grange)Oliver Hudson KelleyOpposed banks,
railroadsSupported political
candidatesOriginally supposed to
be social organization
How did farmers try to address their problems and
grievances?
Farmers Alliances Included those
who sympathized with farmers
These organizations represented the PEOPLE not money
The Rise and fall of Populism
PopulismMovement of the People
Born with founding of Populist Party in 1892
Fought for rights of farmers and laborers and battled railroad companies
Represented a third political party
What reforms did the Populist Party promote?Economic Reforms
• Increase in money supply
• Graduated income tax
• Federal loan program
Governmental Reforms
• Direct election of senators by popular vote
• Single terms for President and VP
• Secret ballot to end voter fraud
• Restrictions on immigration
What reforms did the Populist Party promote?Economic Reforms
• Increase in money supply
• Graduated income tax
• Federal loan program
Governmental Reforms
• Direct election of senators by popular vote
• Single terms for President and VP
• Secret ballot to end voter fraud
• Restrictions on immigration
What were the causes and consequences of the Panic of
1893?
Causes
Railroads went bankrupt
Government gold supply running thin
People panicked and traded money for gold
Consequences
Wall Street stocks fell
By end of year, 15,000 businesses & 500 banks collapsed
3 million jobs lost 5% of the population Today 9.1%
unemployed
Why did the Populist movement collapse?
Argument over which metal would be basis of money system
Gold Bugs Republicans
Bankers, businessmen, city people
Gold Standard $ backed only by gold
Effects: Less $ in circulation Prices fall Value of $ increases
1896 Presidential Nominee William McKinley
Silverites Democrats & Populists
Farmers and Laborers
Bimetallism $ backed by gold &
silver
Effects: More $ in circulation Prices increase Value of $ decreases
1896 Presidential Nominee William Jennings Bryan
“Cross of Gold” speechWilliam Jennings Bryan
McKinley vs. Bryan
Why did the Populist movement collapse?
McKinley won election of 1896
McKinley carried East and Industrial Midwest
Bryan carried South and farmers of Midwest
Industrial Midwest elected McKinley
Populism collapsed
Taking NotesIdentify the causes of the rise of the
Populist Party and the effects the party had.
Causes
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?
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Effects
?
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Taking NotesIdentify the causes of the rise of the
Populist Party and the effects the party had.
Causes
Falling prices for crops
Inability to repay loans
Excessive railroad prices
Effects
New ideas that later became law
Political forum for addressing special interests
Message of hope to downtrodden
The Origins of ProgressivismChapter 9, Section 1
Four Goals of Progressivism
What were the four goals of progressivism?
Protecting Social Welfare Social Gospel Movement Settlement House Movement YMCA Salvation Army Florence Kelley
Advocate for women and children Illinois Factory Act of 1893 Prohibited child labor/limited women’s work hrs.
What were the four goals of progressivism?
Promoting Moral ImprovementProhibition – 18th Amendment (1919)Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
(WCTU)Became largest woman’s group in nations
historyAnti Saloon League –“the Church in action
against the Saloon”
Carry Nation
What were the four goals of progressivism?
Creating Economic ReformPanic of 1893 caused some to question
capitalismEugene V. Debs organized American
Socialist Party in 1901Muckrakers
Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair
Journalists who wrote about corruption in business and public life
Muckrakers
Upton Sinclair Ida Tarbell
What were the four goals of progressivism?
Fostering efficiencyFaith in experts and scientific
principles to make society betterScientific management studiesIntroduction of assembly lines
How did Prohibition fit into the
reform movement?It was believed
that alcohol was undermining
America morals.18th Amendment
Cleaning Up Local Government
How did natural disasters help launch the movement to reform
local government?
1900, Galveston, TX – hurricane and tidal wave Adopted the commission idea as a form of
government 5 member commission of experts in charge of
city departments
1913, Dayton, OH – flood Adoption of council-manager form of
government City council make laws
How did reform mayors clean up their local
governments?
Hazen Pingree of Detroit, MI Fairer tax structure, lowered fairs for public
transportation, rooted out corruption, and set up a system of work relief for unemployed
Tom Johnson of Cleveland, OH Converting the utilities to publicly owned
enterprises
Reform at the State Level
Robert La Follette“Fighting Bob”
Wisconsin governor and US Senator
Major target railroadsTaxed at same rate as other business propertySet up commission to regulate ratesForbade railroads to issue free passes to state
officials
Led the way in regulating big business and reducing control of big business over state legislators
How did reforms protect children?
National Child Labor Committee (1904) Gathered evidence of children working in harsh
conditions
Keating-Owen Act (1916) Prohibited the transportation across state line
of goods produced with child labor 1918 – Supreme Court declared act
unconstitutional due to inference with states’ rights
How did reform change working conditions?
Muller v. Oregon (1908) Limit women to 10 hour work day
Bunting v. Oregon (1917) Limit men to 10 hour work day
Workers’ compensation Aid the families of workers hurt or killed on the
job
What kinds of political reforms took place at the
state level?
Progressive Era reform legislation provided for increased direct participation in government. Initiative – a bill originated by the people on the ballot Referendum – a vote on the initiative Recall – enabled voters to remove public officials from
elected positions by forcing them to face another election
The Direct Primary – gave citizens a way to participate in the selection of a presidential candidate
Secret Ballot – candidates are selected from a single, uniform ballot
What kinds of political reforms took place at the
state level?
17th AmendmentRatified 1913Direct election of senators
Video
Taking NotesFill in the web with examples of
organizations that worked for reform in the areas named.
Progressives Reform
Economic
Moral
Political
Social Welfar
e
Taking NotesFill in the web with examples of
organizations that worked for reform in the areas named.
Progressives Reform
Economic
American Socialist
Party
muckrakers
Moral
WCTC
Anti-Saloon League
Political
National Child Labor
Committee
Social Welfare
YMCA
Salvation Army
Women Lead Reform
How did the opening of women’s colleges help create new opportunities for women?
Marriage was no longer a woman’s only alternative.
Many applied their skills to social reform
Why were there women leaders in the movements to reform social welfare, public morals, and race
relations?
The participation of educated women often strengthened the existing reform groups and provided leadership for new ones.
Susan B. Anthony
• Leading proponent of woman’s suffrage
• Founded National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)
• 3 part strategy• State legislatures• Court cases to test
14th Amendment• Pushed for
national constitutional amendment
Health and the Environment
What legislation passed during Roosevelt’s presidency
protected citizens?
Meat Inspection Act (1906) Cleanliness requirements for meatpackers Created federal meat inspection
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Stopped sale of contaminated food and
medicines Truth in labeling
What did Roosevelt do to protect the environment?
ConservationPrimary concern John Muir – naturalist and writerSet aside 148 million acres of forest reserveAppointed Gifford Pinchot as head of US
Forest Service Convinced TR to conserve forests and grazing lands by
making them exempt from public sale
National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act) Money from sale of public lands in West funded
large scale irrigation projects
Roosevelt and Civil Rights
Who was W.E.B.
DuBois?• Published The
Souls of Black Folk in 1903
• Advocated higher education of the “talented tenth” of black youth
• Only way to progress was to “educate and agitate”
• 1909 helped establish NAACP
Wilson Wins Financial Reforms
How did Wilson reform banking?
Federal Reserve Act (1913) Decentralized private banking system under
federal control 12 districts with a regional central bank Issue paper currency in emergency Transfer funds to member banks in trouble
Women Win Suffrage
How did women finally win the vote?
Increased activism of local groups
The use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm for the movement
The rebirth of the national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt
What was the Nineteenth
Amendment?Granted women right to vote (1920)
72 years after the Seneca Falls convention in 1848.