Populations

DAY 1 - Ecology and PopulationsBell- What is Ecology

What is a Population?

AGENDA

Ecology Intro

Bacteria growth

Corn Growth

HW - Embed a symbiosis video on the wiki site

Ecology

study of interactions between organisms (biotic factors) and environment (abiotic factors).

Biotic Factors

living organisms

Plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria

                                 

       

Abiotic Factors

Abiotic Factors-Non living factors

rock, sun, air, water, temperature

Organization of LifeBiosphere

Biome

Ecosystem

community

population

species

Ecology

Biosphere-Portion of earth that supports life.

Biomes - terrestrial and aquatic

EcosystemInteracting populations in communities with all factors.

Community

collection of interacting populations.

Day 2 - Populations

Bell: What is a population?

AGENDASymbiotic RelationshipsPopulation GrowthPop Goes the Planet HW - Email a

symbiosis video

Population- group of organisms of one species living in same place.

Organism Interactions

Symbiosis- relationship with close and permanent association among organisms of different species.

Types of Symbiosis

CommensalismMutualismParasitism

Commensalismone organism benefits and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed.

Mutualism

both species benefit

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/animals-pets-kids/bugs-kids/ant-acacia-kids/

one organism benefits while the other organism is harmed

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

Parasitism

Population GrowthPopulation - same species in a given area

4 ways

Birth

Death

Immigration

Emigration

Population growth - bacteria

QuickTime™ and ampeg4 decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Population growth

Graph a Bacteria population

Bacteria divide every 20 minutes

Create a line graph that shows the Population Growth of bacteria over a 3 hour and 20 minute period. Assume that the population starts with 1 bacteria and there are unlimited resources.

Corn Graph

Create another graph: population of corn

How many seeds does each generation produce?

Create Graph of showing 10 years (generations). Assume that only 30 kernels become plants each year.

Bacteria and CornDO the graphs have similar shape

What does it look like? Letter?

Exhibit Exponential Growth

J- Curve

Population will grow exponentially with unlimited resources

OH DEER

Deer simulation - OUTSIDE

10 Years (rounds)

Deer vs. Shelter, Food, Water

Create a graph showing the deer population

OH DeerDemonstrates Logistic Growth (S-Curve)

Population Grows to Carrying Capacity

Carrying Capacity is determined by Limiting Factors

Logistic Growth

Limiting Factors - Lower population size

Competition

PredationDisease (including Parasitism)Natural disasters (ex. Drought)Human Disturbance

Human Population1492 - 2/ minute

1940 - 40

1950 - 88

1970 - 138

1995- 176

2000- 168

Human Population

What Type of Growth are we experiencing?Can it continue?

Day 3 - Populations

Watch Video - decide on relationship

AGENDALimiting FactorsEnergy FlowNatural Selection Lab

Limiting Factors

Which are Density Dependent?Competition, Predation, Disease

Which are Density Independent?

Energy Flow✦ Energy from the sun enters an

ecosystem through photosynthesis

✦ plants use light energy to make sugars (carbohydrates)

✦ energy is used to carry out daily activities

Bell Ringer

✦ If a stream is too warm to support Trout, is that a biotic or abiotic factor?

Answer:

✦ Abiotic

Abiotic Factors-Non living factors

rock, sun, air, water, temperature

Producer vs. Consumer

✦ Autotroph= Producer:

✦ an organism that makes its own food;

✦ receives direct energy from the sun

Producer vs. Consumer✦ Consumer: an organism that gets its

energy by eating other organisms;

✦ receives energy indirectly from the sun

Types of Consumers✦ Herbivores - plant eaters - Primary consumer

✦ Carnivores - flesh eaters - Secondary consumers, Tertiary consumers, etc.

✦ Omnivores - eaters of all

✦ Detritivores (decomposers) - break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil, water and air

Food Chain✦ the sequence in which energy is transferred

from one organism to next as each organism eats another organism

Food Web✦ energy flow in an ecosystem is more

complex than that of a simple food chain

✦ Why?

✦ most organisms eat more than one type of food

✦ food webs show all feeding relationships possible in an ecosystem

✦ multiple food chainsWhat happens if the grass is removed?

Trophic Levels✦ each step through which energy is

transferred in a food chain is a trophic level

✦ Producer - Primary consumer - secondary consumer - tertiary consumer

✦ when energy is transferred, some is lost as:

✦ heat, etc. - means less energy is available to organisms at the next level

✦ 90% of the energy is used

✦ 10% is stored and passed on to next level

Ecological Pyramids✦ diagrams that show the relative

amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level of a food chain/web

✦ 3 Types

✦ Energy Pyramids

✦ Biomass Pyramids

✦ Pyramid of Numbers

Energy Pyramids✦ Reminder:

✦ each layer represents one trophic level

✦ producers form the base (contain most energy)

✦ high level consumers make up top layer (less energy is available)

Energy Pyramid Problem

✦ Use the following information about this food chain to create an energy pyramid.

✦ Grass --> Grasshopper --> Frog --> Heron

✦ Assume that there are 175,000 calories available in all the grass plants in this food chain.

✦ Label each trophic level. Show the # of calories available at each level.

Biomass Pyramid✦ biomass = the total amount of living

tissue within a trophic level

✦ where is the biomass the greatest?

✦ base of the pyramid

Pyramid of Numbers

✦ shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level

Biomagnification✦ chemical substances (poisons)

become more concentrated as they move up a food chain

✦ toxins are stored in the fatty tissues of the organisms

Day 4 - Natural Selection lab

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DAY 4 - PopulationsBELL: What happened to the Greenus Beanus and the Varietus Beanus populations? Which had the higher growth rate? Which had the higher reproductive Rate (percent left for reproduction)?

Why did the Varietus Beanus population still grow? Did one phenotype reproduce more than any others?

AGENDA

Population Changes - Hardy-WeinbergA mutation Story

*Turn in your Natural Selection Graphs and Answered questions