Population PyramidsPopulation Pyramids

Global Geography 12Global Geography 12

Population PyramidsPopulation Pyramids

A graph that shows the age-sex A graph that shows the age-sex composition of a population.composition of a population.

CohortsCohorts

A specific portion of A specific portion of the population that is the population that is combined together in combined together in an age group for the an age group for the purposes of purposes of simplifying a simplifying a population pyramid. population pyramid. Five-year cohorts are Five-year cohorts are commonly used in commonly used in population pyramids.population pyramids.

2 Types of Population 2 Types of Population PyramidsPyramids

1) 1) expansiveexpansive::An age-sex structure An age-sex structure with a wide base and with a wide base and narrower top. This narrower top. This indicates a high birth indicates a high birth rate and an expanding rate and an expanding population.population.

2) 2) stationarystationary::An age-sex structure An age-sex structure that indicates no or that indicates no or very little population very little population growth. The pyramid growth. The pyramid is characterized by is characterized by relatively straight relatively straight sides.sides.

Dependency RatioDependency Ratio The ratio between the number of dependants The ratio between the number of dependants

(anyone above or below the working age) and the (anyone above or below the working age) and the number of people in the potential labour force. This number of people in the potential labour force. This ratio gives an indication of the level of economic ratio gives an indication of the level of economic development in the country as the higher the development in the country as the higher the percentage of people of working age a country has percentage of people of working age a country has the better off economically they should be.the better off economically they should be.

young dependantsyoung dependants (YD): Anyone younger than 15 (YD): Anyone younger than 15 old dependantsold dependants (OD): Anyone 65 and older (OD): Anyone 65 and older

Dependency ratio = Dependency ratio = YD (%) + OD (%) YD (%) + OD (%) x x 100100

People of working age (%)People of working age (%)

Demographic TransitionDemographic Transition A multi-staged model showing changes in population A multi-staged model showing changes in population

as a result of a country’s economic development. The as a result of a country’s economic development. The model is based on the changing population of Western model is based on the changing population of Western Europe during industrialization. Europe during industrialization.

4 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model

1) Primitive: High birth & death rates, moderately high population growth, primitive health and medical conditions, low life expectancy rate, very poor standard of living, least developed countries (LLDCs).

2) Early Expanding:High birth rate, death rate drops dramatically, improved medical conditions, largely agricultural and rural population, large families, explosive population growth, less developed countries (LDCs).

4 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model (continued)

3) Late Expanding:Birth rate drops in response to high growth of stage 2, death rate continues to drop slowly, improved standard of living & change in societal values, birth control improved, women join the labour force, more urban nation (less rural), more manufacturing & industry, smaller families, total population growth is moderate and lowering.

4) Zero Growth:Low birth & death rates, good medical & health conditions, long life expectancy, high standard of living, little population growth occurs-approaching zero population growth rate/ negative population growth, more developed countries (MDCs).

Population Pyramid ActivityPopulation Pyramid Activity

Canada’s Dependency Ratio in Canada’s Dependency Ratio in 20062006

Young dependants =Young dependants = young males (2.7% + 2.9% + 3.4%) + young young males (2.7% + 2.9% + 3.4%) + young

females (2.6% + 2.8% + 3.2%)females (2.6% + 2.8% + 3.2%) = 17.6%= 17.6% Old dependants =Old dependants = old males (1.9% + 1.6% + 1.2% + 0.8% + 0.5%) + old old males (1.9% + 1.6% + 1.2% + 0.8% + 0.5%) + old

females (2% + 1.8% +1.6% + 1.3% + 1.1%)females (2% + 1.8% +1.6% + 1.3% + 1.1%) = 13.8%= 13.8% People of working age =People of working age = 100% - (17.6% + 13.8%)100% - (17.6% + 13.8%) = 68.6%= 68.6%

Dependency ratio = Dependency ratio = YD (%) + OD (%) YD (%) + OD (%) x x 100100

People of working age (%)People of working age (%)

Canada’s Dependency Ratio for 2006 =Canada’s Dependency Ratio for 2006 =( (17.6% + 13.8%)/ 68.6% ) x 100 = 45.8 per 100 workers( (17.6% + 13.8%)/ 68.6% ) x 100 = 45.8 per 100 workers

Canada is in Stage 4 of the Canada is in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model Demographic Transition Model

Because:Because:Low birth & death ratesLow birth & death ratesGood medical & health conditionsGood medical & health conditionsLong life expectancyLong life expectancyHigh standard of livingHigh standard of livingLittle / negative population growth Little / negative population growth occursoccursMore developed country (MDC).More developed country (MDC).

Animated Canadian Animated Canadian Population PyramidsPopulation Pyramids

http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-551/tables-tableaux-notes-eng.cfm#animations

Population Pyramids Population Pyramids of the Worldof the World

http://populationpyramid.net/

ReviewReview

Population PyramidsPopulation Pyramids 2 Types: Expansive & Stationary2 Types: Expansive & Stationary Dependency RatioDependency Ratio Demographic Transition ModelDemographic Transition Model 4 (or 5) Stages of the Demographic 4 (or 5) Stages of the Demographic

Transition ModelTransition Model