population 6 - trends in ledcs
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Key Terms
• Birth rate, death rate and natural change you should know already.
• Infant mortality rates – the number of children in a year who die before their first birthday per 1000 live births
• Life expectancy the average number of year from birth that a person is expected to live.
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LEDC Population Issues
Rapid Population Growth and Youthful Populations
Why, what caused this?
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High Birth Rates in LEDCs
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• Children needed as workers and to look after parents when they are older.
• Infant mortality rates are high, so high birth rates compensate for this.
• It is hoped children will grow up`, move to the city and get a good job, then send money home.
• Religion often forbids the use of birth control.• Having a big family increase peoples status and
importance in their village.• People (women) do not have access to
EDUCATION and contraception
Why traditionally are BRs high in LEDCs?
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So for many years BRs in LEDCs were high – but what
also happened?
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Death rates fell
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Why did death rates fall?• Improved health care as knowledge,
technology and medicines are imported from MEDCs.
• Cleaner and safer drinking water, again as systems are imported from more developed countries.
• Better diets as more food is grown, often as a result of improved farming techniques developed in MEDCs.
• All leads to better living conditions and less disease which results in people living longer and falling death rates.
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High birth rate and falling death rate in
LEDCs =
population explosion
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And there is more
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Life Expectancy in LEDCs is Short
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• Lack of food and famine cause early death in many people.
• The spread of disease, for example cholera that comes from drinking dirty water, causes many deaths.
• Health care and hospitals are poor and often difficult to access.
WHY?
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So there are more and more people in LEDCs, and many of these people are young – the
populations are youthful
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Population Pyramid
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What problems does this cause?
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Overgrazing and Overcultivation
As seen in the Sahel region of Africa
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Pollution
• Water pollution for example from human waste
• Land pollution for example from farming.
• For example from increased car use.
Especially in large rapidly growing
urban areas such as Jakarta in Indonesia.
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Deforestation and Soil erosion
For example in Amazonia
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Overcrowding and the growth of Shanty Towns
Favelas in Brazil Busties in India, e.g. Mumbai
Slums in Jakarta
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Traffic Congestion
In Bangkok
And Mexico City
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Other Problems
• Shortage of resources, food and raw materials.• Unemployment and underemployment.• Lack of money for basic health care and
schooling.• Rising crime, political coups and huge debts.• Low living standards and a lack of development.
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What are the management solutions?
What do we have to change in order to manage the problems?
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Anti-natalist population policies
• Tanzania case study
• Kerela, India case study
• China, One Child Policy case study
• North Africa case study