ponzi schemes and investment fraud: a year later
DESCRIPTION
Presentation to the Palm Beach Chamber of Commerce on November 5th 2009 regarding spotting financial fraud and ponzi schemes in investment accounts by securities attorneys.TRANSCRIPT
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Presented by: Craig D. Stein
205 Worth Avenue, Suite 203Palm Beach, FL 33480Tel.: (561) 659-8802
Ponzi Schemes and Investment Fraud:
A Year Later
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We Will Discuss Two Types of Frauds
1. Affinity Fraud
2. General Brokerage / Investment Fraud
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
A. What is Affinity Fraud / How does it work?
i. Nature has ingrained:
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
A. What is Affinity Fraud / How does it work?
ii. Political / Economic
iii. Social / Achievement
iv. Interests
v. Religion
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
A. What is Affinity Fraud / How does it work?
vii. Those you trust the most can do the most
damage
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
B. Affinity Fraud in the Past: “Jack and the Beanstalk”
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
C. Affinity Fraud in the Present:On Guard, But What do You Look For?
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
C. Affinity Fraud in the Present:On Guard, But What do You Look For?
i. Private Rather than Public Investment
ii. Unusual or Complicated-Sounding Investments
iii. Promise and History of High Returns
iv. Short Term for High Returns
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
C. Affinity Fraud in the Present:On Guard, But What do You Look For?
v. Continuous Stream of Returns (Despite Market
Volatility)
vi. Open Ended:
1. Opportunity for Continued Reinvestment
2. Open to New Investors Even if it does not
Appear So.
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
C. Affinity Fraud in the Present:On Guard, But What do You Look For?
vii. Seeking out Referrals
viii. Little or No Oversight
1. Where are Funds Directed?
2. Paper Statement from independent 3rd Party
3. You Should Not be Made to Feel Uncomfortable to
Question the Investment
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
ix. If It’s Too Good to Be True, It Probably Is:
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
ix. If It’s Too Good to Be
True, It Probably Is:
1. It is Subjective Like Other Platitudes – People
Do Not Follow:
a) Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover
b) An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
ix. If It’s Too Good to Be
True, It Probably Is:
2. People Seek What is Too Good to Be True
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Affinity Fraud / Ponzi Schemes
ix. If It’s Too Good to Be True, It Probably Is:
4. The More Financially “Successful” in Society have
Already Achieved what’s “too good to be true,”
usually by taking risks.
5. Seek guidance from 3rd Party to determine if an
investment is “too good to be true”
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Economic & Financial Industry Fraud & Negligence
A. In the Past: They are regulated, So Why Do I Have to Do Anything?
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Economic & Financial Industry Fraud & Negligence
B. In the Present: Tell Me What to Look For!
??
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Economic & Financial Industry Fraud & Negligence
B. In the Present: Tell Me What to Look For!
iii. Just Because Your Investments Lost Money Does Not Mean that Anyone Acted Inappropriately
Also, the Inverse – Just Because There Are Profits in Your Account, Does Not Mean You Are Suitably Invested
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Economic & Financial Industry Fraud & Negligence
B. In the Present: Tell Me What to Look For!
i. Insidious: Because they may Only Partially Dilute or Reduce Your Investments
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Economic & Financial Industry Fraud & Negligence
B. In the Present: Tell Me What to Look For!
ii. Often Hidden by Market Appreciation and Excused by Market Depreciation
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Economic & Financial Industry Fraud & Negligence
B. In the Present: Tell Me What to Look For!
iv. These often Occur in Brokerage Accounts, even with Investment Advisors and Even in Trust Accounts
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iv. These Occur in Brokerage Accounts, with Investment Advisors and Even in Trust Accounts
1. Sale and Recommendation of Unsuitable Investments
a) Client Objectivesb) Risk Tolerancesc) Types of Investmentsd) Sophistication Does Not = Wealth
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2. Diversification and Over-Concentration
a) Individual Stocksb) Individual Sectorsc) Types of Investments (Equities, Debt)d) Hedging
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3. Churning
a) Excessive Tradingb) Who Controls Accountc) Looper Formula
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4. Unauthorized Trades
a) Discretion Authorityb) Time and Price
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5. Misrepresentation and Omissions
a) Why Would Broker Make Misrepresentations?
• Commissions• Reliance Upon the Information Provided
by the Brokerage Firm (ARS, LPS)• Belief in Investment - Projection
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6. Sharing Profits or Selling Away
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Government / Regulation
A. In the Past: Act Upon What They Know - Reactive
Government Issued Blinders
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Government / Regulation
A. In the Present: Despite Good Intentions,Still Act Upon What They Know - Reactive
Still Using Government Issued Blinders
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Government / Regulation
B. In the Present: Still Act Upon What They Know - Reactive
i. Increase Scrutiny Upon Those We Already Regulate
ii. Review Old Case Files
iii. They Still Cannot Know What They Do Not Know
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If You Are Concerned About an Affinity Fraud…
A. Seek Advice of Another Independent and Competent Investment Professional
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If You Are Concerned About an Affinity Fraud…
B. Refer to Industry Regulators – Tell Them What They Do Not Know (SEC, FINRA, State, etc.)
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Closing Remarks
A. Each of You are Individuals With Different Investment Objectives and Risk Tolerances
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Closing Remarks
B. Ask Your Financial Advisors; And Just As Important: LISTEN to Their Answers
i. Why is This Investment Suitable for Me?
ii. How Much Can I Lose?
iii. Am I Adequately Diversified?
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Closing Remarks
B. Ask Your Financial Advisors; And Just As Important: LISTEN to Their Answers
iv. Are You Recommending This For Other / All of Your Clients?
v. What is Your Understanding of My Objectives and Risk Tolerances?
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Closing Remarks
B. Ask Your Financial Advisors; And Just As Important: LISTEN to Their Answers
vi. Carefully Review your Opening Account Documentation.
Do not just sign a stack of documents.
vii. Read and Understand Your Account Statements: Ask 1) Broker, 2) Branch Manager, 3) Different Advisor
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Closing Remarks
C. With Financial Fraud, It is ALWAYS a Year Later