Pont du GardPont du Gard

Functional architecture

1.1. What side of the ara pacis has the relief of What side of the ara pacis has the relief of tellus?tellus?

2.2. What sides of the ara pacis are the processions What sides of the ara pacis are the processions on?on?

3.3. What is the content of the 2 processions?What is the content of the 2 processions?4.4. What did the 2 women (who framed the main What did the 2 women (who framed the main

woman) represent in the Tellus relief?woman) represent in the Tellus relief?5.5. What were the inauguration and dedication What were the inauguration and dedication

dates of the ara pacis?dates of the ara pacis?6.6. What side was the scene of Aeneas on?What side was the scene of Aeneas on?7.7. What was the main propaganda message of the What was the main propaganda message of the

Aeneas relief?Aeneas relief?8.8. What had Augustus done to deserve the ara What had Augustus done to deserve the ara

pacis?pacis?9.9. Why did the senate have to make the ara pacis Why did the senate have to make the ara pacis

for Augustus?for Augustus?10.10. What is the name for these parts of a door?What is the name for these parts of a door?

a

b

1.1. East sideEast side

2.2. North and SouthNorth and South

3.3. Augustus family & senatorsAugustus family & senators

4.4. Fresh water and Sea WaterFresh water and Sea Water

5.5. 13-9 BC13-9 BC

6.6. WestWest

7.7. That Augustus is pietas and holy and That Augustus is pietas and holy and great like aeneasgreat like aeneas

8.8. Pacified spain and gaulPacified spain and gaul

9.9. Because Augustus was not accepting Because Augustus was not accepting any triumphal honoursany triumphal honours

10.10. Lintel and doorjambLintel and doorjamb

a

b

1.1. Where is the Pont du gard located (modern name)?Where is the Pont du gard located (modern name)?

2.2. Where is the pont du gard located (roman name?)Where is the pont du gard located (roman name?)

3.3. What place did it transport water to?What place did it transport water to?

4.4. Where did it transport water from?Where did it transport water from?

5.5. What dates are associated with the ara pacis?What dates are associated with the ara pacis?

6.6. What is on the west side?What is on the west side?

7.7. What is on the east side?What is on the east side?

8.8. What is on the north side?What is on the north side?

9.9. What is on the south side?What is on the south side?

10.10. What is on the base of the exterior wall below the What is on the base of the exterior wall below the reliefs?reliefs?

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Hello Mr. Workbook…p.13Hello Mr. Workbook…p.13 Location:Location: France! France!Roman Name: Roman Name: _______ (under control of Rome from 120 BC)_______ (under control of Rome from 120 BC)Modern Name: Modern Name: NNîîmes mes (what other piece of architecture have we studied from there?)(what other piece of architecture have we studied from there?)

Architectural type:Architectural type: Functional, Aqueduct. Functional, Aqueduct.

Purpose: Purpose: Carried water from a spring near Uzes (50km away) to Carried water from a spring near Uzes (50km away) to supply Nsupply Nîmes îmes with waterwith water

Dates of Construction: Dates of Construction: find in Paul Artusfind in Paul Artus

Reasons for Dating: Reasons for Dating: 19BC – when commissioned by Marcus Agrippa 19BC – when commissioned by Marcus Agrippa

Dimensions: Dimensions: 49m high and 275m wide across the gorge49m high and 275m wide across the gorge

Workbooks… p.14Workbooks… p.14 When was it built? When was it built?

What is it built with? What is it built with? uncemented masonry quarried locally, uncemented masonry quarried locally, which was very accessible and cheapwhich was very accessible and cheap

Who probably constructed it?Who probably constructed it? Slaves and Soldiers but was Slaves and Soldiers but was commissioned by Marcus Agrippacommissioned by Marcus Agrippa

Number of arches:Number of arches: find in Paul Artusfind in Paul Artus

Height of structure: Height of structure: FindFind Length (of top level): Length (of top level): FindFind The canalThe canal

Lined with:Lined with: waterproof cement. So that the waterproof cement. So that the

water f____ smoothly & does n___ leak.water f____ smoothly & does n___ leak. Located: Located: on the top of the aqueducton the top of the aqueductCovered with:Covered with: stone bosses for repairsstone bosses for repairs

ProblemProblem SolutionSolutionThe height of a bridge The height of a bridge needed to cross the Gardneeded to cross the Gard

Repeated arches in a row mean Repeated arches in a row mean they can span any length eg. One they can span any length eg. One length at the bottom (142m) and length at the bottom (142m) and another at top of the gorge another at top of the gorge (275m)(275m)

The flow of water against the The flow of water against the bridgebridge Copy down info Copy down info

under’pointed piers’ and under’pointed piers’ and ‘the river’‘the river’

The pier heads in the The pier heads in the bottom row are wedge bottom row are wedge shaped to cut the flood shaped to cut the flood current and reduce current and reduce turbulenceturbulence

Pont problems and Sensible Pont problems and Sensible solutionssolutions

Pont problems and Sensible Pont problems and Sensible solutionssolutions

ProblemsProblems solutionssolutions

The weight of the The weight of the bridgebridge

The weight of the structure is The weight of the structure is lessened as the depth of the lessened as the depth of the arches decreases from bottom arches decreases from bottom to top – 6.36m, 4.56m, 3.06mto top – 6.36m, 4.56m, 3.06m

The properties of the arch mean The properties of the arch mean it is strong enough to cope with it is strong enough to cope with the weight of the structure & the weight of the structure & distribute the weight evenly as distribute the weight evenly as well as deal with the water it well as deal with the water it carriescarries

The force of winds on the bridgeThe force of winds on the bridge Find information under Find information under ‘The Wind’ in Paul ‘The Wind’ in Paul ArtusArtus

constructionconstruction The blocks weighed up to 6 The blocks weighed up to 6

tonnestonnes Blocks were labelled before Blocks were labelled before

they were put together they were put together Local limestone was used Local limestone was used

from the river valleyfrom the river valley The cost of labour was The cost of labour was

reduced by using slaves & reduced by using slaves & soldierssoldiers

No carved decorationNo carved decoration Projecting stones were used Projecting stones were used

for scaffolding & were left for scaffolding & were left to assist with repairs in to assist with repairs in futurefuture

The aqueduct was a The aqueduct was a cheaper method of cheaper method of transporting water instead transporting water instead of using lead pipes.of using lead pipes.

What are these?

More detailsMore details The water was piped to the The water was piped to the

various areas of various areas of NNîmes îmes eg. eg. Private houses, public baths, Private houses, public baths, public drinking fountains.public drinking fountains.

This part of the aqueduct crosses This part of the aqueduct crosses the gorge of the river Gardon, the gorge of the river Gardon, (which is why it is called the Pont (which is why it is called the Pont du Gard – du Gard – Bridge over the river Bridge over the river Gardon).Gardon).

It is located 21km from It is located 21km from NNîmesîmes it is a utilitarian structure.it is a utilitarian structure.

The source of the water The source of the water (Uzes) is higher than it’s (Uzes) is higher than it’s destination (Ndestination (Nîmes) so îmes) so gravity causes the water gravity causes the water to flow downhill with to flow downhill with reasonable pressure. The reasonable pressure. The pont du gard has a slight pont du gard has a slight drop of 11cm over 275mdrop of 11cm over 275m

““It’s Harmonious & It’s Harmonious & beautiful!”beautiful!”

The arch on the bottom tier The arch on the bottom tier is the same width as 3 is the same width as 3 arches on the top tierarches on the top tier

The arches of the 2 bottom The arches of the 2 bottom tiers are the same widthtiers are the same width