POLYSTYRENEEDWARD BRUNSMOHAMMED ALZAYERM AT E 3 5 11 2 / 11 / 2 0 1 3

Why PS?

Hispalois, . "CD box made of GPPS and HIPS." Wikimedia Commons, 05 May 2007. Web. 8 Dec 2013.Kyriaki, . "Image of White Zinfandel in plastic cups." Wikimedia Commons, 31 May 2006. Web. 8 Dec 2013.Tomia. "Plastic recycle logo PS.“ Wikimedia Commons, 22 Feb 2006. Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Outline

• Overview of PS• Synthesis:

MechanismsStepsTactisity

• PropertiesPhysicalThermalMechanical

• ApplicationsFoam Peanuts (EPS)Other Applications

Overview• Monomer(s): Styrene (reaction below)• Contains: Phenyl rings• Mn Range: 100,000–400,000• Key Characteristic: Thermoplastic

Mills, Ben, and Jynto. "Ball and stick model of the styrene molecule.." . Wikimedia Commons, 9 Nov 2009. Web. 25 Nov 2013.Padleckas, H. "Ethylbenzene to Styrene." . Wikimedia Commons, 23 Jan 2005. Web. 25 Nov 2013.Saklıdır, Tüm. "PS Production." Aral Chemicals, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Synthesis• Mechanism:

Addition• This includes:

free radicals, cationic, anionic• Steps:

Initiation, Propagation, Termination

Synthesis Steps• Initiation:

• Propagation:

"Polymers Production." School of Materials Science and Engineering. The University of New South Wales. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Synthesis Steps• Termination:1. Combination

2. Disproportionation

"Polymers Production." School of Materials Science and Engineering. The University of New South Wales. Web. 25 Nov 2013."Polymer Synthesis." Polymers and Liquid Crystals. Case Western Reserve University. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Tacticity and Crystallinity

"Tacticity." Polymer Science Learning Center. Polymer Science Learning Foundation. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

CommercialMostly amorphous

Commercial

Isotactic Syndiotactic Atactic

Increase crystallinity

Forms of PS

"Assembled CD Jewel Cases & Clear Trays." Disc Makers, n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013.Mammal, Small. "I, Party Cup: A Documentary." Grist.org, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013."Round White EPS Foam Disc 6"." Party Supplies. Maple Craft, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

General Purpose PS (GPPS)

High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS)

Forms of PSGeneral Purpose PS (GPPS)

High Impact PS (HIPS)

Expanded PS (EPS)

Characteristics Clear, hard, brittle Tough, hard Tough, lightweight, rigid-foam

Cost index ($/lbs) ≤ 0.9

Embodied energy (MJ/kg)

86.40 87.40 88.60

Trade names Dylene (Arco) Bextrene Styropor (BASF), Styrofoam

Hammond, Geoff, and Craig Jones. "Ineventory of Carbon and Energy." Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Bath, UK, 01 Jan 2011. Web. 8 Dec 2013.Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013."PS Polymer Profile." Omnexus. SpecialChem SA, (2013). Web. 8 Dec 2013."Styropor® Expandable Polystyrene (EPS)." BASF, (2007). Web. 8 Dec 2013."High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)." EZ Chem, LLC, (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Physical PropertiesGeneral Purpose PS (GPPS)

High Impact PS (HIPS)

Expanded PS (EPS)

Rubber bands (natural)

Legos (ABS)

Density (g/cm3)

1.05 1.04 0.008-1.10 0.9-1.0 1.06

Glass Transition T (°C)

100 -70 100

Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013.Material Property Data. MatWeb, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Thermal PropertiesGeneral Purpose PS (GPPS)

High Impact PS (HIPS)

Expanded PS (EPS)

Rubber bands (natural)

Legos (ABS)

Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K)

0.14 0.22 0.027- 0.0418

0.14 0.23

Thermal Expansion (µm/m-K) (20°C)

120 80 0.08-70 225 95

Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013.Material Property Data. MatWeb, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Mechanical Properties

Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013.Material Property Data. MatWeb, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

General Purpose PS (GPPS)

High Impact PS (HIPS)

Expanded PS (EPS)

Rubber bands (natural)

Legos (ABS)

Young’s modulus (GPa)

2.9 1.9 0.0065- 0.04

- 1.9

UTS (MPa) 46 80 0.08-0.911 3.5-35 40

Elongation at break (%)

2% 40% 5-13.4% 300-900 % 20%

Applications: Foam Peanuts• Why PS? • Processing of Expanded

Polystyrene (EPS):- PS beads + 6 wt% pentane.- Expand beads.- Dry and cure beads.- Transfer pre-expanded beads to molds.

• environmental concerns

"Packaging Peanuts A to Z." Inspire Creators. Davison, 20 Oct 2010. Web. 25 Nov 2013."Polystyrene Processing." EGTEI. The Interprofessional Technical Centre for Studies on Air Pollution (CITEPA). Web. 25 Nov 2013.Salazar, Dennis. "Two New Green Packaging Products Eliminate the Use of Bubble Packaging and/or Packing Peanuts." . Salazar Packaging, inc., 26 Jul 2012. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Applications: Others• GPPS:

injection molded or thermoformed

• HIPS:Polybutadieneadded during polymerization

"Disposable Polystyrene Sample Cups." SKS Science, n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013."Plastic Food Packaging." Plastic Ingenuity, 12 Mar 2013. Web. 8 Dec 2013."Polystyrene and Styrolux." BASF, n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013."Styro Boxes." Aqua-Pak., n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013."Disposable Polystyrene Sample Cups." SKS Science, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013.Rovere, Correa, Grassi, and Dal Pizzol. "Role of the rubber content on the toughness of high impact polystyrene." Springer US, 01 Feb 2008. Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Lab supplies (GPPS)Packaging (EPS)

Food containers (HIPS)

Conclusion• Polystyrene (PS) is a thermoplastic polymerized

from styrene monomer by addition• Cheap to produce, hence one of the most popular

polymers• Pure PS is brittle (GPPS), adding polybutadiene

makes it tougher (HIPS)• Foam form of PS can be produced by adding a

blowing agent (EPS)• Applications include packaging and containers