pollution prevention measurement examples ann terese heil, p.e. senior engineer sanitation districts...
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Pollution Prevention Measurement Examples
Ann Terese Heil, P.E.
Senior Engineer
Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County
1955 Workman Mill Road, Whittier CA 90601
562/699-7411 x2950 fax 562/692-5103
SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY
Lindane Outreach Project• Targeted
• Three mailings
• Mass media
• PTAs
• Environmental groups
• Web site
• Hotline• Multi-lingual
Measurement Elements
Wastewater sampling
Surveys
Pharmacy sales
Other outcomes
Pilot project, so heavy focus on measurement
Wastewater Sampling• Each episode: seven 24-hr samples
• 4 episodes in Long Beach (1 before, 3 after)
• 4 episodes in Pomona (1 before, 3 after)
• Burbank (18 samples before, 1 episode after)
• Cost: $11,000
Sample Results - Impact of Outreach in Long Beach Area
0
10
20
30
40
Control Outreach
Before Before
After
After
Med
ian
Lin
dan
e, p
pt
Sample Results - Impact of Outreach in Burbank Area
0
5
10
15
20Before
After
Ave
rag
e L
ind
ane,
pp
t
Surveys
• Telephone surveys to 80 members of the target audience (doctors, school nurses, pharmacists, day care centers)
• Pre- and post-outreach
• Cost: $10,000
Survey Results - Awareness Change
0
20
40
60
80
100
Before
After
Per
cen
t
Before
After
Highly Toxic to Humans Pollutes Environment
Survey Results - Physician Behavior Change
0
20
40
60
80
100
Doctors Prescribing Lindane
Before
After
Per
cen
t
Pharmacy Study
• Done under a WERF grant• 18 pharmacies (8 control; 10
outreach)• Track sales of lindane and
non-lindane lice and scabies remedies
• Cost: $9,000
Pharmacy Study Results - Sales Ratios
0
1
2
3
4
Rat
io L
ind
ane
to N
on
-L
ind
ane
Rem
edie
s
Control Outreach
Bonus Result!
• AB 2318 Lowenthal
• Ban medical uses of lindane in California
• Signed by Governor Davis in Sept. 2000
• Took effect January 1, 2002
Lindane Leaving LACSD Water Reclamation Plants
40
340
30
120
40
130
40
130
40
130
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Lin
da
ne
, p
art
s p
er
tril
lio
n
San JoseCreek
Pomona WhitterNarrows
Long Beach Los Coyotes
Median Maximum
CTRLimits
Source Control: Before
63 ppt
19 ppt
Lindane Leaving LACSD Water Reclamation Plants
1 3 4 6 3 10 4.5 7 4.520
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Lin
da
ne
, p
art
s p
er
tril
lio
n
San JoseCreek
Pomona WhitterNarrows
Long Beach Los Coyotes
Median Maximum
CTRLimits
Source Control: After
63 ppt
19 ppt
Lindane Update• FDA Restrictions
– 2 ounces only– medical guide– don’t use on children– last resort
• International Action– Commission for Environmental Cooperation – North American Regional Action Plan
Chloride Outreach Project
• Public outreach in two neighborhoods– letter + FAQ sheet– mass media– web page– opinion leaders
• Effectiveness– phone surveys– wastewater sampling
Surveys
• Telephone surveys to 30 households in the target areas
• Pre- and post-outreach
• Cost: $6,000
Survey Results
• 0% removed their self-regenerating water softeners
Survey Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
Per
cent
S
urve
yed
Before After
Aware chloride pollutes the river?
Survey Results
0
5
10
15
20
Per
cent
S
urve
yed
Before After
Using non-chlorine bleach?
Survey Results
• 73% found the materials easy to understand (100% of those who read them)