polluted emission treatments from incinerator gases · porous volume cm3/g vp 0.3 – 0.7 specific...
TRANSCRIPT
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS
FROM INCINERATOR GASES
Pierre Le Cloirec
Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu
35700 Rennes, FranceTel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02
Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81 11
e-mail [email protected]
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS
FROM INCINERATOR GASES
Pierre Le Cloirec
Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu
35700 Rennes, FranceTel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02
Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81 11
e-mail [email protected]
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Air
Slug
Waste
1000°C240°C
320°C80°C
50°C
Primarycombustionchamber
Post-combustionchamber
FlueGas
Fly ash
Fly ash
Lime
NH3
INCINERATOR
ENERGY RECOVERY
ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR
BAGHOUSEFILTERS
WETSCRUBBER
SCR - CAT REACTOR
AirPre-Heater
Postheating
ActivatedCarbonBase agent
ExternalHeating
(adapted from Fino
et al., 2005)
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Air
Slug
Waste
1000°C240°C
320°C80°C
50°C
Primarycombustionchamber
Post-combustionchamber
FlueGas
Fly ash
Fly ash
Lime
NH3
INCINERATOR
ENERGY RECOVERY
ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR
BAGHOUSEFILTERS
WETSCRUBBER
SCR - CAT REACTOR
AirPre-Heater
Postheating
ActivatedCarbonBase agent
ExternalHeating
(adapted from Fino
et al., 2005)
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes Energy
recovery
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Air
Slug
Waste
1000°C240°C
320°C80°C
50°C
Primarycombustionchamber
Post-combustionchamber
FlueGas
Fly ash
Fly ash
Lime
NH3
INCINERATOR
ENERGY RECOVERY
ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR
BAGHOUSEFILTERS
WETSCRUBBER
SCR - CAT REACTOR
AirPre-Heater
Postheating
ActivatedCarbonBase agent
ExternalHeating
(adapted from Fino
et al., 2005)
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Particule size
10 -6 0.0001 0.01 1 100 10 4
Taille (m)
rain
bacteria
dust
fumes
cloud -fog
1 Å 1 nm 1 m 1mm
molecules
macromolecule
smokes
hair
X Rays UV Visible IR micro-waves, radar
soots
virus
pollen
drizzle
fly ashes
smog
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Electrostatic
precipitator
Coulson-Richardson, 1997
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Electrostatic
precipitator
Efficiency
(%)
Particle
size (m)
Techniques de l’Ingénieur -
Génie des Procédés
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Electrostatic
precipitator
Technique de l’Ingénieur -
Génie des Procédés
High voltage
Collector
plates Hoppers
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Electrostatic
precipitator
Tredi Groupe Séché, France
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Filtration mechanisms
U
B
A
C
Particle
trajectoryStreamline
Mode of action of thebasic mechanisms:
A Interception
B Sedimentation
C Diffusion -
Adsorption
For an isolated single sphere:
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Particle aggregates on fibersParticle diameter = 2.6 mD. Thomas, 2005
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Particle dendritesParticle diameter = 0.15 mD. Thomas, 2005
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Total Removal
Particle diameter
Efficien
cy
D. Thomas, 2005
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
General view
of «
Bag House
»
Coulson-Richardson, 1997
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes Industrial
system example
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Cyclone
Techniques de l’Ingénieur -
Génie des Procédés
Gas
inlet
Gas
outlet
Dust
collector
Dust
outlet
Vortex breaker
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Air
Slug
Waste
1000°C240°C
320°C80°C
50°C
Primarycombustionchamber
Post-combustionchamber
FlueGas
Fly ash
Fly ash
Lime
NH3
INCINERATOR
ENERGY RECOVERY
ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR
BAGHOUSEFILTERS
WETSCRUBBER
SCR - CAT REACTOR
AirPre-Heater
Postheating
ActivatedCarbonBase agent
ExternalHeating
DeNox
(adapted from Fino
et al., 2005)
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
DeNox
NO2 or NO N2
N2 NH3
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
DeNox
4NO + 4NH3 + O2 --Catalyst ---> 4N2 + 6H2 O
2NO2 + 4NH3 + O2 --Catalyst ---> 3N2 + 6H2 O
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
DeNOx
•
Inert support–
Alumino
silicate
–
Zeolites
•
Metal–
Pt
–
Pd, V, Zr...
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
NOx
removal
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Air
Slug
Waste
1000°C240°C
320°C80°C
50°C
Primarycombustionchamber
Post-combustionchamber
FlueGas
Fly ash
Fly ash
Lime
NH3
INCINERATOR
ENERGY RECOVERY
ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR
BAGHOUSEFILTERS
WETSCRUBBER
SCR - CAT REACTOR
AirPre-Heater
Postheating
ActivatedCarbonBase agent
ExternalHeating
(adapted from Fino
et al., 2005)
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Gas
-
Liquid
transfer
Gas Liquid
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Absorption with
reaction
Chemical
reactionA --> B
Gas Liquid
G-L Interface
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
•
Spray column
•
Packed
column
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Spray Column
coalescer
Spray column
Washing solution outlet
Air outlet
Air inlet
Washing solution inlet
Fresh solution
Recirculation pump
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Packed
column
Washing solution
Air OUTLET
Packingmaterials
Fresh solution
Recirculation pump
Air INLET
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Some
packing
materials
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Absorption
•
Acid
(H2
SO4
)
•
Base (NaOH)
•
Oxidant
(NaOCl, O3
)
CO2
Liquid solutions treatments
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Practical
industrial
design
•
Velocity
:
500 -
1000 m/h
•
Residence
time : 0,1 -
10 s
•
Air temperature
: 10 -
80 °C
•
Concentration :
1 -
50 000 mg/m3
•
Pressure drop : 0,1 -
1 m d
’H2
O
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
An Industrial
Example
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Air
Slug
Waste
1000°C240°C
320°C80°C
50°C
Primarycombustionchamber
Post-combustionchamber
FlueGas
Fly ash
Fly ash
Lime
NH3
INCINERATOR
ENERGY RECOVERY
ELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATTOR
BAGHOUSEFILTERS
WETSCRUBBER
SCR - CAT REACTOR
AirPre-Heater
Postheating
ActivatedCarbonBase agent
ExternalHeating
(adapted from Fino
et al., 2005)
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Activated
carbon
Before
activation Some
strongly
activated
areas
Duber
et al, Fuel Proces. Technol77-78 (2002), 221-227
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Activated
carbon
characteristics
Pore diameter
- Macropores
- Mesopores
- Micropores
nm dp
> 50
2 < d < 50
< 2
Porous volume cm3/g Vp 0.3 – 0.7
Specific surface area (BET)
- non activated
- activated
m2/g SBET
2 - 20
500 - 2000
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Principle
of adsorption
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Adsorption capacity
1
10
100
0,1 1 10 100
Adsorption capacity (%)
Concentration at equilibrium (g/m3)
20 °C
80 °C
n1
ee KCq
e
eme bC1
Cbqq
n1
e
n1
eme
bC1
Cbqq
)C(fq ee
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Breakthrough
curve
time
time
C/C0
0
0tb
adsorption wave
saturated zone
adsorption zone
C0 C0 C0 C0 C0
z
1
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
Activated
carbon
grain filter
Adsorbant
Steam inlet for regneration
Steam outlet
INLET
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
000
0b zz
UCNt
Modelling
1n
1
rt
1n0
Ae1CtC
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes Modeling
breakthrough
curves Homogeneous
surface diffusion model
Purpose Equation
Solid phase mass balance
rqr
rrD
tq 2
2s
Initial condition 0 t R,r 0 0q
Boundary conditions 0t 0, r 0tq
t) R, (r )t(C)t(CDk
tq
ssa
f
Liquid phase mass balance sf CCR
1k3tC
zCV
Initial condition t H, z0 0C
Boundary condition 0t 0, z (t)C C 0
Freundlich isotherm equation t R, r )t(CKq n1
S
Pierre Le Cloirec
Flue gastreatment
Eco
le d
e C
him
ie de Rennes
POLLUTED EMISSION TREATMENTS
FROM INCINERATOR GASES
Pierre Le Cloirec
Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de RennesAvenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu
35700 Rennes, FranceTel 33 (0)2 23 23 80 02
Fax 33 (0)2 23 23 81 11
e-mail [email protected]