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POLITICAL SCIENCE 416/516: POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS Dr. Melody Ellis Valdini Spring 2015 E-mail: mev@pdx.edu Tues. & Thurs. 4:40-6:30 Office: 650-M URBN Room: Lincoln Hall 247 Office Hours: Friday 10-11:30 (or by appt) Website: http://web.pdx.edu/~mev/ Objectives and Approach: Parties and elections are crucial parts of every democracy. Political parties organize electoral choices and translate popular priorities into government policy. Elections provide the people with a voice, allowing them to select their leaders and thus, influence policy. This course is designed to engage the current literature on parties and elections, with a focus on the theoretical expectations for party, legislator, and voter behavior. We will analyze issues of representation, party creation & survival, and electoral behavior, and will perform in-depth investigations of several case studies. Course Assignments and Grading: 10%= Discussion in Class/In-class Activities 10%= Discussion Paper 35%= Representation Paper 10%= Representation Presentation 35%= Final Exam Class attendance is required, and you will be responsible for all lecture materials. You are expected to do the reading for each week and be prepared to discuss the reading in lecture. Description of the Course Assignments:

Final Exam: This is an in-class, closed book test that will include both objective and essay questions. Discussion Paper: You must submit a discussion paper on or before May 5. In other words, the last day that anyone can submit a discussion paper is Tuesday, May 5. The discussion papers should be submitted at the beginning of lecture, and should engage the readings of that day. This discussion paper is expected to be a reflective response to the reading assignment infused with some of your thoughts about the integration of the findings of the chosen readings with current events. Additionally, the discussion paper can include a critical response to the readings. I would like you to conclude your discussion paper with three questions that will provoke and stimulate classroom discussion. Please note: There are no allowances for late discussion papers, and discussion papers that are simply a summary of the assigned reading will be considered weak and will receive substantially fewer points. If you are an undergraduate: the discussion paper should be 5-6 pages, double-spaced. If you are a graduate student: the discussion paper should be 9-10 pages, double-spaced. Representation Paper & Presentation: Representation is key to our understanding of electoral systems and parties. Depending on the system design and the parties present, certain groups are represented well in government, while others are represented at levels much lower than their proportion of society. Your paper will describe and discuss an under-represented group in a particular country (i.e., brief history of the group, patterns of past representation, which parties this group tends to support, etc.), and will analyze why that group is under-represented. You may choose the country (but it must be one of our case studies), as well as the group to analyze. Electoral institutions will surely play a role in your paper, but you are encouraged to consider other variables that could affect

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representation. Evidence and outside sources are required to support any argument. Your paper is due on Friday, June 12. However, you will present your preliminary results on the day that your country is discussed in class. For example, if you choose to investigate a group in Russia, you should be prepared to present your analysis to the class on May 19. Visual aids are highly encouraged, and remember: this presentation is 10% of your grade, so it is worth your time to make it interesting and coherent. If you are an undergraduate: the representation paper should be 10-12 pages, double-spaced. If you are a graduate student: the paper should be at least 25 pages, double-spaced. Please note: You must turn in a paper copy of your paper on June 12 AND also email me an electronic copy (mev@pdx.edu) on June 12.

Policies Late Paper Policy: Discussion papers will not be accepted late- a paper copy must be submitted on the day of the lecture. The representation paper will be accepted late, but there is a half-grade penalty for each day that it is late. For example, if it is one day late, the highest grade you can receive on the paper is an ‘A-’ Emailed Paper Policy: Discussion papers will not be accepted via email- only paper copies will be accepted. A copy of the representation paper should be sent via email, but that is not sufficient- you must also submit a paper copy. Academic Honesty: Fair and effective education requires academic honesty, and any violation is a very serious matter. Unless otherwise indicated, all assignments in this course are individual, and no collaboration with any other person is permitted. In-class tests are closed-book, with no aids allowed. These rules will be strictly enforced. Any academic dishonesty will without exception be reported to the student's dean for disciplinary action. Readings Books: The following books have been ordered by the PSU bookstore- all readings are required.

1. Dalton, Russ, David Farrell and Ian McAllister. 2011 Political Parties and Democratic Linkage: How Parties Organize Democracy. Oxford University Press. 2. Norris, Pippa. 2004. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press. 3. Farrell, David. 2011. Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction New York, NY : Palgrave. 4. Gallagher, Michael and Paul Mitchell (eds). 2005. The Politics of Electoral Systems New York: Oxford University Press. 5. O'Neil, Patrick and Karl Fields. 2013. Cases in Comparative Politics (4th Edition)

Articles: In addition, there will be articles online. You can access these articles via my website, or via any computer with a PSU connection. (hereafter referred to as “ONLINE ARTICLE”) Class Schedule: Tues, March 31: Introduction and logistics Thurs, April 2: Types of Electoral Systems: Majoritarian & Proportional Representation 1.Farrell, Electoral Systems, Ch. 2, 3, 4 Tues, April 7: Overview of Parties 1.Farrell, Electoral Systems, Ch. 7 2. Norris, Electoral Engineering, Ch. 4 3. Dalton, Democratic Linkage, Ch. 1 & 2

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Thurs, April 9: The Personal Vote 1. Norris, Electoral Engineering, Ch. 10 2.ONLINE ARTICLE: Carey, John and Matthew Shugart. 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank-Ordering of Electoral Formulas.” Electoral Studies Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 417-439. 3.ONLINE ARTICLE: Shugart, Matthew, Melody Ellis Valdini, and Kati Suominen. 2005. “Looking for Locals: Voter Information Demands and Personal Vote-Earning Attributes of Legislators under Proportional Representation.” American Journal of Political Science, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 437-449. Tues, April 14: Types of Electoral Systems: Mixed Member & STV 1.Farrell, Electoral Systems, Ch. 5 & 6 Thurs, April 16: Consequences of Electoral Systems: Representation 1.ONLINE ARTICLE: Caul, Miki. 1999. “Women's Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties” Party Politics Vol.5, pp. 79-98. 2.ONLINE ARTICLE: Mala Htun. 2004. “Is Gender like Ethnicity? The Political Representation of Identity Groups.” Perspectives on Politics Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 439-458. 3. Norris, Electoral Engineering, Ch. 8 & 9 Tues, April 21: Party Ideology 1. Norris, Electoral Engineering, Ch. 5 & 6 2. Dalton, Democratic Linkage, Ch. 4 & 5 Thurs, April 23: Parties in Government 1. Dalton, Democratic Linkage, Ch. 7 & 8 2.ONLINE ARTICLE: Thies, Michael F. 2001. “Keeping Tabs on Partners: The Logic of Delegation in Coalition Governments.” American Journal of Political Science Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 580-598 3.ONLINE ARTICLE: Carey, J. M. 2007. “Competing Principals, Political Institutions, and Party Unity in Legislative Voting.” American Journal of Political Science, Vol.51, pp. 92–107. Tues, April 28: Representation Paper Writing Day! Writing and Data Gathering Workshop! **You must bring the introductory paragraph of your representation paper to this class (which of course means that you have finalized your selection of an under-represented group). Thurs, April 30: Who Runs? Candidate Selection 1.ONLINE ARTICLE: Cross, William. 2008. “Democratic Norms and Party Candidate Selection: Taking Contextual Factors into Account.” Party Politics, Vol.14, pp. 596-619. 2.ONLINE ARTICLE: Rahat, Gideon and Reuven Y. Hazan. 2001. “Candidate Selection Methods: An Analytical Framework.” Party Politics, Vol.7, no.3, pp. 297-322. 3.ONLINE ARTICLE: Fox, R. L. and Lawless, J. L. 2004. “Entering the Arena? Gender and the Decision to Run for Office.” American Journal of Political Science, 48: 264–280. Tues, May 5: Parties & Elections in Authoritarian Regimes 1.ONLINE ARTICLE: Gryzymala-Busse, Anna. 2006. “Authoritarian Determinants of Democratic Party Competition,” Party Politics, Vol. 12, pp. 415-437. 2.ONLINE ARTICLE: Diamond, Larry. 2002. “Thinking about Hybrid Regimes.” Journal of Democracy Vol.13, no. 2 pp. 21-35. 3.ONLINE ARTICLE: Schedler, Andreas. 2002. “Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation.” Journal of Democracy Vol. 13, no.2, pp. 36-50.

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Thurs, May 7: Class Cancelled Tues, May 12: USA 1. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 3 2.Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 9 Thurs, May 14: UK 1. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 2 2.Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 8 Tues, May 19: Russia 1.Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 15 and page xvi of Preface 2. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 7 Thurs, May 21: France 1. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 4 2.Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 6 Tues, May 26: Germany 1. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 5 2. Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 10 Thurs, May 28: Brazil 1.ONLINE ARTICLE: Ames, Barry. 1995. “Electoral Strategy under Open-List Proportional Representation.” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 406-433. 2. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 12 Tues, June 2: Japan 1. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 6 2. Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 13 Thurs, June 4: South Africa 1. O’Neil, Cases in Comparative Politics, Ch. 13 2. Gallagher & Mitchell, The Politics of Electoral Systems, Ch. 17 Tuesday, June 9: FINAL EXAM (5:30-7:20pm) Friday, June 12: Representation Paper Due **Turn in a paper copy to my mailbox (6th floor of Urban Building) by 4pm and email an electronic copy to me (mev@pdx.edu).