political rights of african americans. reconstruction 1865-1877
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Reconstruction How is it possible for a country to come back together after such a colossal war?TRANSCRIPT
Political Rights of African Americans
Reconstruction1865-1877
Reconstruction
How is it possible for a country to come back together after such a colossal war?
Lincoln’s PlanAbraham Lincoln
10% Plan (leniency)Pardon
Confederates10% had to pledge
allegiance to Union
"With malice toward none, with charity for all” Lincoln
Andrew Johnson Johnson’s Plan
Presidential ReconstructionSwear AllegiancePay war debtsAbolish Slavery
(Ratify 13th Amendment)
FailuresNever address African
American Rights
Civil Rights Act of 1866Gave African Americans citizenship and forbade
states from passing discriminatory laws (Black Codes)
Black CodesCould not carry weaponsServing on JuriesTestify Against Whites
Congressional Reconstruction
14th Amendments – Gave African Americans protection under the Constitution.
Reconstruction Act of 1867Did not recognize state governments formed
under the Lincoln and Johnson plansSouth divided into 5 and ran by militaryNew state constitutions needed to be made.
Johnson and ImpeachmentJohnson vetoes Civil Rights ActJohnson Impeached
Did not follow Reconstruction ActRemoved Military officers who enforced the actHe was ImpeachedFell one vote short of being removed from office.
Ulysses S. Grant Grant’s Plan
Work to get the last states readmitted
African American Rights
Every human being, of whatever origin, of whatever station, deserves respect. We must each respect others even as we respect ourselves
Ulysses S. Grant
Civil War Amendments13th- Neither slaver nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States.
14th – All persons born or naturalized in the United States are entitled to equal protection of the law, and no state could deprive any person of life, liberty , or property without due process.
15th – No one can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
African American Rights
African American RightsJim Crow
Poll Tax (annual tax to be paid to qualify to vote)Literacy Test Grandfather Clause
Helped whites who failed the literacy testSaid if your failed the literacy test you could still
vote if you father or grandfather voted prior to Jan. 1, 1867
Ruled out all African AmericansSchools
African American RightsPlessy V. Ferguson
Law case was brought claiming Jim Crow Laws are unconstitutional
Supreme Court claimed separation of races in public was legal (Separate but Equal)
Separate but equal stood for almost 60 years.
AssignmentDirections: Answer the following questions on 2 of
the pictures below. You can gain 2 points extra credit for each picture beyond the two that are
required
What aspect of the picture sticks out the most?Describe what you see in the picture.What emotions do you believe the people are
feeling in the picture or feel by looking at the sign?What specific information about Jim Crow Laws can
you see in the phototgraph?
Examples 1
Examples 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
ActivismEconomics
Booker T. Washington Believed racism would end once blacks acquired
useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society
W.E.B. Du BoisBelieved blacks should seek a liberal arts education
so that the African-American community would have well-educated leaders.
NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Political Groups
Populism
Causes of PopulismEconomic Problems
SharecroppingLandowners split their land up and
gave each worker a few acresAt harvest time workers gave a
portion to the landownerSharecroppers never seemed to get
out of debt with the landowners though
More CausesMoney Value
Paper money could not be exchanged for gold or silver
Paper money was retired for this reason
The value of a dollar was increasedCaused Farmers to distress when
paying of loans because paper money was hard to come by.
Even More CausesRailroads
Charged high prices to move grainMany had to mortgage their farms to
pay these prices.Many did not make up enough at
harvest to pay the loans on their homes.
Populism PoliticsPlatform (Beliefs)
Movement of the people (farmers and labors)Reform to lift the burden of debt
Panic of 1893Farmers couldn’t pay loansRailroads went bankruptGold Supply dwindled so people started trading
gold for paper money.This spread to Wall Street where stocks fell
Populism PoliticsSilver and Gold
Debate broke out on what metal would be Americas standard for the monetary systemUse both Gold and SilverUse just Gold
Paper money was regarded as worthless
Populism PoliticsElection of 1896
Gold and Silver debate was main topicRepublicans (Gold) supported William McKinleyDemocrats (Silver and Gold) supported William
Jennings BryanMcKinley Won
Bryan could not compete with McKinley’s MoneyMcKinley win ended Populism
Gold Bugs and SilveritesSilverites
Farmers and LaborersBimetallismMore money in circulation (Loans easier to pay off)
Gold BugsBankers and BusinessmenWanted Gold the Standard with less money in
circulationLoans could be repaid in stable money