political ideologies and theories pols 341 douglas brown 2009
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Political Ideologies and Theories
Pols 341
Douglas Brown
2009
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Political Ideologies and Theory
What is ideology? What is theory? Broad ideological categories Political Labels in Canada Comparing labels, ideologies and
theories
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The role of ideology and theory Ideology: sets of ideas about politics that
focus on the goals of a political community politics, and its underlying values
Theory: sets of ideas and concepts about the study of politics that provide overall explanations: e.g. empirical generalizations, models, critical alternatives
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Johnson’s “Competing ideologies”Textbook, chapter 2 Three main ideological strands:
Conservatism Socialism Liberalism
“The triumph of the Liberal centre”
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Schools of Theory (General Political Science)
Pluralism Neo-pluralism New Right
Elite Theory (or Managerialism) Neo-institutionalism
Marxist / Class analysis Neo-marxist
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Some queries about ideology… What are “tories” and do they still exist? So what is meant by “neo-conservative” and
“neoliberal”? Who are the real radicals and who is the
“establishment”? Does left-right still have any meaning? What is identity politics/ green politics…and
how does it fit in the categories
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Some queries about party labels Are New Democrats just “Liberals in a hurry”? What was the difference between Reform
and the Progressive Conservatives? Is the new Conservative party a successful
coalition? What are the ideological divisions in the
Liberal party? Do party labels mean the same thing at the
federal and provincial level ?
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Pluralism: standard theory--
Rule by the many and the diverse Focus on individuals and their values Society-centred The State is implicit only Key preoccupations: elections, influence and
lobbying, polling Major theoretical hybrid: New Right (including
public choice, rational choice theories)
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Tough question…
Is the pluralist school of thought embedded in a broader political ideology, and which one….?
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Elite or Managerial Theory: Standard Version -- The rule of institutions Focus on organizations and behaviour of office-
holders State-centred Key preoccupations: leadership, coercion,
decision-making, accommodation, organizational logic
Major hybrid: Neo-institutionalism (i.e. institutions embedded in society)
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Tough questions…
Is the managerial school of thought embedded in a broader political ideology, and which one….?
Can you be a political liberal or social democrat and also have managerial assumptions about public admin?
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Marxist or Class Analysis: Standard version -- Rule by the dominant economic class of society Focus on class formation and “struggle” Society-centred Key preoccupations: capital accumulation, class
hegemony, State legitimacy, emancipation of labour
Major hybrids: neo-marxism, neo-institutionalism (acknowledging the relative autonomy of the State)
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Tough questions ?
Is the Marxist school of thought embedded in a broader political ideology, and which one….?
Do you have to be a Marxist to find value in the Marxist analysis?
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Conclusions Ideology matters, but party labels don’t
always capture the ideology Ideology is always in tension with pragmatism
and caution, especially for a governing party or one that really wants to govern
Theory about politics/public admin is influenced by ideologies, but the two can take separate tracks
Being analytical means, in part, being clear about underlying ideals, beliefs, assumptions.