POLITICAL POLITICAL DIVISION OF DIVISION OF ENGLAND ENGLAND

Oksana Olšová, MCR (2007)Oksana Olšová, MCR (2007)

Union JackUnion Jack

British national flag is called "Union Jack". British national flag is called "Union Jack". It symbolises It symbolises the Union of England, Scotland the Union of England, Scotland

and Irelandand Ireland and dates back from 1801. and dates back from 1801. The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron

saints of:saints of: EnglandEngland ( (St George's red cross on a white fieldSt George's red cross on a white field)) IrelandIreland ( (St Patrick's red diagonals on a white fieldSt Patrick's red diagonals on a white field) ) ScotlandScotland ( (St Andrew's white diagonals on a blue fieldSt Andrew's white diagonals on a blue field)) WalesWales is not represented because when the flag is not represented because when the flag

first appeared it was already united with England. first appeared it was already united with England.

ENGLANDENGLAND Is the Is the largestlargest and and most populousmost populous

constituentconstituent country of country of the United Kingdom the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandof Great Britain and Northern Ireland..

85% of the total population of the United 85% of the total population of the United Kingdom live there.Kingdom live there.

Population:Population:  2006 - est.: 50,690,000    2006 - est.: 50,690,000   (2001 – (2001 – censuscensus: 49,138,831): 49,138,831) Area: Area: 130,395 km² 130,395 km² 

ConstituentConstituent – základní, volební; – základní, volební; Census – sčítání lidu;Census – sčítání lidu;

England became a unified state during England became a unified state during the the 10th century10th century and takes its name from and takes its name from the the AnglesAngles — one of a Germanic tribes who — one of a Germanic tribes who settled in the territory during the 5th and 6th settled in the territory during the 5th and 6th centuries. centuries.

The capital city of England is The capital city of England is LondonLondon, which is , which is the largest city in the largest city in the British Islesthe British Isles and largest and largest city in the city in the European UnionEuropean Union. .

It was the birthplace of the It was the birthplace of the Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution and was the first country in the and was the first country in the world to become industrialised.world to become industrialised.

ENGLAND 2ENGLAND 2

England is home to England is home to the Royal Societythe Royal Society, which laid , which laid the foundations of modern experimental the foundations of modern experimental sciencescience. .

England was the world's first England was the world's first parliamentary parliamentary democracydemocracy..

The Kingdom of EnglandThe Kingdom of England was a was a separate stateseparate state until until 1 May 17071 May 1707, when the , when the Acts of UnionActs of Union resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britainthe Kingdom of Great Britain..

ENGLAND 3ENGLAND 3

The national floral The national floral emblem of England emblem of England

Tudor Rose was adopted as a national Tudor Rose was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses. the Wars of the Roses. The rose is used in a variety of contexts The rose is used in a variety of contexts in its use for England's representation. in its use for England's representation.

Tudor RoseTudor Rose

the British Twenty Pence cointhe British Twenty Pence coin

the Royal Coat of Armsthe Royal Coat of Arms

Structure of administrative divisions of Structure of administrative divisions of England England

Northern Ireland UNITED KINGDOM Wales Scotland ENGLAND

regional level 9 regions county level 6 metropolitan 34 non-metropolitan counties counties

Greater London

district level metropolitan non-metropolitan districts districts

41 unitary authorities

32 City London of boroughs London

parish level civil parishes civil parishes civil parishes

CountiesCounties – hrabství; – hrabství; Unitary authoritiesUnitary authorities – správní jednotky; – správní jednotky; ParishParish (GB) – obec; (GB) – obec;BoroughsBoroughs – městský okres, obvod; – městský okres, obvod;

North East

North West

Yorkshire and the Humber

West Midlands (region)

East Midlands

East of England

Greater London

South EastSouth West

9 regions in England9 regions in England

Greater London The administrative area was

created in 1965 and covers the City of London and 32 London boroughs.

In 2005 there was population of 7,517,700 people.

It covers 1579 km²

North-East EnglandNorth-East England

The principal city is The principal city is NewcastleNewcastle..

Population: 2,515,479 (2001)Population: 2,515,479 (2001)

Consists of the combined area of Consists of the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and WearTyne and Wear and a small and a small part of part of North YorkshireNorth Yorkshire..

Yorkshire and the Yorkshire and the HumberHumber

The principal cities are The principal cities are Leeds, Leeds, SheffieldSheffield

The population in 2005 was 5,854,357.The population in 2005 was 5,854,357.

It covers most of the historic It covers most of the historic county of county of YorkshireYorkshire: : South South Yorkshire, West YorkshireYorkshire, West Yorkshire, , part of North part of North

YorkshireYorkshire, , East Riding of YorkshireEast Riding of Yorkshire, and , and part of Lincolnshire.part of Lincolnshire.

North West EnglandNorth West England

The principal cities are The principal cities are Liverpool, Liverpool, ManchesterManchester

The north of the region (that is, The north of the region (that is, north north Lancashire and CumbriaLancashire and Cumbria) is largely ) is largely ruralrural..

It has a population of 6,729,764.It has a population of 6,729,764. Consists of the combined area of: Consists of the combined area of:

Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside.Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside.

RuralRural – venkovský, selský; – venkovský, selský;

The The West MidlandsWest Midlands

The principal city is The principal city is BirminghamBirmingham..

Population: 5,267,337 (2001)Population: 5,267,337 (2001)

It covers the It covers the predominantlypredominantly rural rural

shireshire counties of counties of Herefordshire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West MidlandsWarwickshire, West Midlands,, and and WorcestershireWorcestershire..

PredominantlyPredominantly – převážně; – převážně; ShireShire – oblast, hrabsví; – oblast, hrabsví;

The The East MidlandsEast Midlands

The principal city is The principal city is NottinghamNottingham

Population: 4,172,179 (2001) Population: 4,172,179 (2001)

It consists of the combined area of It consists of the combined area of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire, Rutland, Northamptonshire, NottinghamshireNottinghamshire and most of and most of LincolnshireLincolnshire..

The The East of EnglandEast of England The principal city is The principal city is Cambridge.Cambridge.

Its population as of the 2001 Its population as of the 2001 census was 5,388,140. census was 5,388,140.

It includes It includes Essex, Hertfordshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Peterborough, Norfolk Peterborough, Norfolk andand SuffolkSuffolk..

South East EnglandSouth East England The principal city is The principal city is GuildfordGuildford..

Its population as of the 2001 census was Its population as of the 2001 census was 8,000,550 - the most populous English 8,000,550 - the most populous English region.region.

It includes It includes Berkshire, Berkshire,

Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey Oxfordshire, Surrey andand West Sussex West Sussex..

South West EnglandSouth West England

It is the largest region It is the largest region in terms ofin terms of area.area.

The principal cities are The principal cities are Bristol, PlymouthBristol, Plymouth

Population: 4,928,458 people.Population: 4,928,458 people.

It includesIt includes Somerset, Bristol, Somerset, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon, andand Cornwall. Cornwall.

In terms ofIn terms of – pokud jde o; – pokud jde o;

TThe Constitutionhe Constitution

unwritten,unwritten, based on traditions and common law based on traditions and common law it´s easy to change it (by an Act of Parliament or it´s easy to change it (by an Act of Parliament or

by general agreement) by general agreement) divides power between divides power between 3 independent branches: 3 independent branches:

1. l1. legislativeegislative

2. 2. executiveexecutive

3. 3. judicial judicial

1. T1. The LEGISLATIVE power:he LEGISLATIVE power:

THE PARLIAMENTTHE PARLIAMENT   

makemakess laws, vote laws, votess taxes and public taxes and public expenexpensesses

checks the work ofchecks the work of the Government the Government ((the the SovereignSovereign, , the House of Commonsthe House of Commons, , the House the House of of LordsLords))                                                  

The Houses of ParliamentThe Houses of Parliament

The GovernmentThe Government THE SOVEREIGNTHE SOVEREIGN at present at present Queen Elizabeth IIQueen Elizabeth II.. mainly symbolical function (she takes part at ceremonials,mainly symbolical function (she takes part at ceremonials, traditional celebrations,..)traditional celebrations,..) she appoints ministers, judges and governorsshe appoints ministers, judges and governors she is the head of she is the head of the Armed Forcesthe Armed Forces and of and of the Church of Englandthe Church of England

THE HOUSE OF LORDSTHE HOUSE OF LORDS has over 1000 members has over 1000 members the head is the head is the Lord Chancellorthe Lord Chancellor made up of made up of the Lords of Temporalthe Lords of Temporal (about 900) (about 900), , the Lords Spiritualthe Lords Spiritual  (2 Archbishops of Canterbury  (2 Archbishops of Canterbury

and Yorkand York + 24 bishops of the Church of England)+ 24 bishops of the Church of England) they sign the bills to consider it as a law,they sign the bills to consider it as a law, they can refuse bills got from The House ofthey can refuse bills got from The House of CommonsCommons

THE HOUSE OF COMMONSTHE HOUSE OF COMMONS consists of 651 consists of 651 Members of ParliamentMembers of Parliament (MPs) – each represents (MPs) – each represents a particular part of the countrya particular part of the country they pass the bills they pass the bills the Speaker (elected by MPs)the Speaker (elected by MPs) = = the chief officer the chief officer -- he preside he presidess over the house over the house elections – every 5 yearselections – every 5 years minimum voting age – 18 yearsminimum voting age – 18 years candidates must be over 21 candidates must be over 21

                

Benches in the House Benches in the House of Commons Chamber of Commons Chamber are coloured green. are coloured green.

In contrast, the House In contrast, the House of Lords is decorated of Lords is decorated in red.in red.

2. T2. The EXECUTIVE power:he EXECUTIVE power: THE GOVERNMENTTHE GOVERNMENT

the head is the head is Prime Minister Prime Minister (the leader of the (the leader of the party, which has the majority in party, which has the majority in The HouseThe House of of CommonsCommons))

Present PM is Present PM is TonyTony BlairBlair – the representative of – the representative of the the Labour PartyLabour Party (lives at 11 Downing (lives at 11 Downing Street)         Street)        

he chooses his he chooses his government ministers government ministers (about (about 20) = 20) = the Cabinet the Cabinet (formally appointed(formally appointed by the by the Queen)Queen)

the second strongest party forms an the second strongest party forms an Opposition Opposition (Shadow-Cabinet)(Shadow-Cabinet)

the Prime Minister with the Cabinetthe Prime Minister with the Cabinet have real have real political power political power

3. T3. The JUDICIAL power:he JUDICIAL power:

THE SUPREME COURTTHE SUPREME COURT

consists of the consists of the Court of Court of AppealAppeal and the and the High Court of JusticeHigh Court of Justice

AppealAppeal – odvolávat se; – odvolávat se;

PPolitical parties in the UK olitical parties in the UK today:today:

The Labour PartyThe Labour Party -- left wing, their program left wing, their program includes many social reforms and active social includes many social reforms and active social politicspolitics

The Conservative PartyThe Conservative Party – right wing, they put – right wing, they put more more emphasisemphasis in private in private enterpriseenterprise

The LiberalsThe Liberals Social and Liberal DemocratsSocial and Liberal Democrats - left of centre- left of centre Scottish National Party (SNP)Scottish National Party (SNP) Sinn FéinSinn Féin - the oldest political movement in - the oldest political movement in

Ireland Ireland

EmphasisEmphasis – důraz; Enterprise – podnikání; – důraz; Enterprise – podnikání;

Sources:Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England http://www.bbc.co.uk/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/ http://www.schrapnel.cz/skotsko/mapaanglie.htmhttp://www.schrapnel.cz/skotsko/mapaanglie.htm http://www.kralovstvimap.cz/katalog/velka-britanie-lhttp://www.kralovstvimap.cz/katalog/velka-britanie-l

ondyn/7ondyn/7

Link label – odkaz na html stránce

HAVE YOU GOT ANY QUESTIONS???HAVE YOU GOT ANY QUESTIONS???

Thank you for attention!Thank you for attention!

Have a nice day!Have a nice day!