Economic Systems in past

Primitive Society

Pastoral Age

Agriculture

Feudalism

Capitalism

Communism / Socialism

Capitalism

Modernization

Trickle down

Structural Adjustment

Communism

Marxist

New Marxist

Dependency

Revolutionvs

Reformation

Socialist Block

Leftist political party all over the world

Inefficient & unstable govt.

Corruption in public sector

Leads to peoples uprising

Revolution

Capitalist Block

?

Leads to peoples satisfaction with existing economic system

Reformation

NGOs

Pre Independent Period

oVolunteer based org.

oReligious motive

oNot similar to present known NGOs

First Govt.

NGOs emerged at a critical moment in Bangladesh

Cyclone in 1970

War ravaged economy

Famine in newly born country (1974)Features

Limited NGOs

Relief & Rehabilitation activities

BRAC, ASA etc prominent NGOs came into picture.

Zia Regime

Increasing Number of NGOs

Donor’s intention to provide fund for NGOs

Formulation of ‘The Foreign Donation (Voluntary activities) Regulation Rules 1978’.

Ershad Regime

Golden age for NGOs

NGOs all over the country

Massive Foreign Donation

“Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Ordinance 1982”

A notice issued by the then External Resource Division(ERD) that prevails NGOs profit based projects with their regular activities.

Flood in 1988 & govt. inefficiency

SERVICES OF NGOs

Social Welfare

Women development

Development of children

Health & Nutrition

Family Planning

Urban & Rural Development

Relief & Rehabilitation

Economic

Credit

Enterprise Development

Employment

Productive Assets

Modern Agriculture & Irrigation

Education

Pre-Primary Education

Formal Education

Adult Education

Political

Political Participation

Consciousness Raising

Legal aid

Access to Govt. Services

Local Govt. Activation

Skill & Expertise

Capacity in Planning & Management

Occupational Skill Training

Mobilization of Target Group

Group Formation

Leadership Development

Number vs. Development

2161 NGOs are registered under NGOAB

Cancellation of 513 NGOs in last 10 years

Thousands of Unregistered NGOs

5 Registered NGOs in each upazila

Fund is also huge(Tk-70,447,029,441.58 in 11-12)

Development????????????

Administrative Expenditure

• According to rules, NGOs can’t expend more than 20% of total allocation for administrative cost.

• ‘Nijera kori’ expend 57% for internal cost

• ‘Proshika’ & ‘Manobik’ utilize 30% only for salary.

• NGOAB found some NGOs having admin expenditure more than 60%

lowsalary for field level workers

HighAdministrative

cost

Luxurious life style of Higher class official

Labor Exploitation

NGOs fund / Personal Property

Use of NGOs fund for personal interest

Embezzlement of employees fund, scholarship fund etc

Tax evasion by NGO leaders though they create consciousness about duties & responsibilities of people.

Anti-leftist VS Pro-leftist

Motive was to Prevent Communism

Proshika, Nijera kori, Gonosastha Kendra etc directly advertise leftist tenet

Money comes from imperialist capitalist block

Historical conflict result to this circumstance

Micro-credit : Endless Debate

Pro micro-credit view

Poor’s Banking

Poverty reduction

Anti micro-credit view

High Interest rate

Double Interest

Involvement in Politics

According to FOREIGN DONATION ACT 1978 involvement of NGOs in politics is illegal

So-called Consciousness raising

Influence in local & national level election

Attempt to create ‘Third Party’ in politics

Donors interest

Consequences

Not successful as expected

Political Harassment

Grameen Bank, Proshika

Politics-NGO nexus like Politics-Business nexus

Interference of Donors in internal politics

Misuse of money

Accountability

Not accountable to people & govt.

Anti-state forces utilize this opportunity

Cancelation of registration due to illegal money transfer.