policy guideline for eco-efficient water infrastructure development. kim th... · 2015-01-30 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Policy Guideline for Eco-efficient Water Infrastructure Development
KIM Tae HyungEconomic Affairs Officer
Environment and Development DivisionUNESCAP
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Overviews
1. Water Challenges in Asia and the Pacific
2. Why Green Growth (Eco efficiency)?
3. What is Green Growth (Eco-efficiency)?
4. How to Promote Green Growth and Eco-efficiency?
5. Key Messages
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What Water Challenges in Asia and Pacific
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50 percentThe number of people who don't have access to the quality of water available to the citizens of Rome 2,000 years ago
Source: Blue Planet Run, Smolan, Erwitt
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40 billionThe number of hours spent each year
in Africa due to the need to collect and haul water
Source: Blue Planet Run, Smolan, Erwitt
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5.3 billionThe number of people - two-thirds of the world's population - who will suffer from water shortages by 2025.
Source: Blue Planet Run, Smolan, Erwitt
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1.1 billionThe number of people worldwide - 1 in every 6 - without access to clean water
Source: Blue Planet Run, Smolan, Erwitt
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Water Scarcity
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Too little water?Too little water? Too much water?Too much water?
Temperature up Heavy rainfall Extreme weather Sea level up
Too Much Water or Too Little Water
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Before Urbanization
After Urbanization
Urbanization – More Flooding
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How to Solve Water Challenges?
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Causes of Crisis: Unmatched Gap
1. Gap between Present Economic System vs Reality
• Income = Labour (L) + Capital (K)
2. Type of Scarcity changed
3. New Reality: labor/capital are no longer scarce• Financial crisis and Unemployment
4. Now Ecological / Resources Crisis• Ecology (air, water) are no longer free goods
• Current Economy: treat ecology as Free Goods
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Sustainable Water Infrastructure Issue
1. Low Investment • Gap between Long-Term Benefits and Short-
Term Burden/Costs
2. Centralized Supply Pattern
Centralized water supply by a few monopolies
Focused on visible infrastructure (Physical)
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Grow first and Clean-up later
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Sustainable Water Infrastructure Issue
3. Eco-efficient (EE) technology and design
4. Demand side management (DSM)
5. Weak infant water industry and market
6. Weak integrated planning with other infrastructures
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Policy Options:
Green Growth (Eco-efficiency)
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MDGs and GG (EE)
MDGs and Green Growth (Eco-efficiency)
GG is supporting MDGs and SD, not replacing
GG is the policy option to achieve MDG 1 (poverty reduction) and MDG 7 (environment protection) at the same time
It is owned by countries and modified depending on countries’ conditions
Must work together to make it happen
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Concept of Eco-efficiency
Eco-efficiency
To maximize the efficiency of water infrastructure within eco-system
Promote ecological and economical efficiency at the same time
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Thinking Graphically... Eco-efficiencyEc
onom
ic G
row
th
Environmental Quality
Social willingness to trade off environmental quality for economic benefit
Possible combinations of economic growth and environmental quality
eco-efficiency curve
Source: Steve Meyrick and modified by KIM TH
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How to Promote Green Growth and
Eco-efficiency?
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Restructuring of Economy
1. Invisible Infra of economy Price-structure: MCE < ECE Regulation, Value, Life-style, Technology,
Urban Design
2. Visible Infra of economy
Infra-structure: Transport, Building, Land Use Planning,
3. EE/GG: restructuring visible & invisible infra of economy
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Policy Suggestions in Water
1. Get the right pricing system
2. Reduce distance: decentralized development
3. Develop new water sources: rainwater and wastewater, etc
4. Educate People: sustainable consumption
5. Industrial policy for infant water industry
6. Integrated planning among infrastructures
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(1) Get Right Price: Ecological Price
Policy direction Supporting measuresEcological price
Budget and Tax Reform
• Market price = Ecological price• Research the ecological price suited for countries• Gradual application into national pricing system
• Changing tax base from Income to Pollution, Carbon
• Neutral tax system (Revenue Neutrality)• Differential taxation of different water goods and
services (end-users)
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From Income To Pollution
Income Tax
Pollution Tax•
Pollution Tax
Income Tax
Integrating Ecological Price
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Ken Livingstone : ex Mayor of London
• 2003. 2. : Congestion Charge
• 80 % Londoners opposed
One year later
2004. 2. Re-elected
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(2) Reduce Distance (Decentralized)
Policy direction Supporting measuresReducing distance • Assign authorities to local governments by laws
• Policies for local water development and purchasing• Tax incentives for specific location decisions•Awareness campaigns: cooperation with local media and school
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Wastewater treatment
10km
Water supply30km
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(3) Develop New Water Sources
Policy direction Supporting measuresNew water sources
Recycling and reuse of Wastewater
• Wastewater and Rainwater as new water source• Develop local technology-based industries • Decentralized small size water supply / treatment facilities
•Get right wastewater price •Develop standard / cost effective household waste treatment device• Enact by-laws that install approved high performance wastewater treatment in new buildings or renovations requiring a permit.• Enact by-laws requiring home water audits and retrofits with every house resale
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Water Independency Ratio
External Supply 89%(Multi-regional water supply)
120 million ton/year
Total water usage :1.09millionXLPCD310LX365days=123millionm3/year // Rainwater : 21.07km2X1335mm=161miilion m3/year
Graywater (3%)Local water supply (3%)
Groundwater (4%)
Rainwater160 million ton/year
• Storage and infiltration • Groundwater recharge andUnderground Dam
• Water Independency Ratio50%
New Water Source in City Level
Active Reuse
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Change of Mindsets for Rainwater
p
New Design?
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Star City Rainwater management system
Location Jayang-dong Gwangjin-gu Seoul
AreaTotal Area : 62,505.2M2
Building Area : 16,867.729M2
UsageApartment, Officetel,
Commercial & Cultural facilities
Construction
duration
October. 2003 ~ March. 2007
ForForFlood Flood
ControlControl ForForWaterWaterSavingSaving
ForForEmergencEmergenc
yy
Everybody is
happy
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Spray water for playground
Treatment devicefor first flush
Instruments
Storage tank
Irrigation and gardening water
Toilet flush waterRainfall gauge
Infiltration device
MF system
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Treated Water Make Urban Beautiful
Releasing treated water can restore a small dry river and make land value higher
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Treated Water for Rice and Others
Treated water is utilized for melting snow and irrigating in the suburban rice fields
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Supplying water to water-retentive pavement is essential to cool down the temperature of road through evaporation.
Temperature sensor
Water storage tank(rainwater or groundwater)
Evaporation
Water-retentive layerWater-supply layer
Base (Impervious Pavement)
Surface
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(4) Educate People: Consumption PatternPolicy direction Supporting measuresRegulations for reducing water consumptions
Invest in demand –side management (DSM)
Social compact
• Any additional water demand from new development is off-set by reducing water use in existing buildings.• Enact by-laws for dual plumbing in new developments
•DSM requires staff with right skills and expertise based on social sciences to handle water demands•Create permanent DSM staff positions in utility operations, finance and planning departments, and strategic decision making• Managing demand as daily water management
• Educate people in collaboration with Media based o social compacts • Enact by-laws that require high performance water-saving device in new buildings
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(5) Promote Infant Water Industry
Policy direction Supporting measures
Establish SOEs
Provision of a ground rule
• Government intervention required• Establish state-owned enterprises • Protect infant water industry for new technology and
capacity build-up• Local government purchasing: ‘Buy local’ campaigns• Short-term subsidies to stimulate the local market
• Government can provide a ground rule to support LC GG innovators; Improving regulations Providing R&D incentives Adopting green procurement practices Promoting CSR
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(6) Integrated Planning with Other Infras
Policy direction Supporting measuresIntegrated planning Mandatory regulation and process to promote
integrated planning with other infrastructure in energy, transportation, solid waste, disaster and land infrastructures
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39
Location: YokohamaObject River: Onda River(Tributary of Tsurumi River)Structure Type:Concrete DamStorage Capacity:96,000m3
Storage Area:29,318m2
Kirigaoka Reservoir in Japan
Tennis court for normal
Reservoir for flooding
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Yokohama Business Park (Hill of Bellini)Location : Yokohama-cityRiver Basin: Katabira RiverStorage Volume : 5,831 m3
Used for landscape pond
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41
Stormwater Storage at School YardFor Emergency
Usual Flooding
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- Water Amenity Facilities with Rainwater- Infiltrative parking lot
Japan Saitama Worldcup Stadium
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- 2,600 ton rainwater from 19 building roofs- Used for reservoir (30cm depth and 3,300ton)- Provide rainwater to 22,000 ㎡ roof garden- Berlin city: 1% of building space allowed
Germany, Potsdamer Platz, Berlin
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Case of Storm Water Infiltration
Greening Roof
Management of stormwater in
green area
Management of non-point
pollutions in road
Management of non-point
pollutions in parking lot
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Low Impact Development (LID) Wet Weather Flow Management (WWFM) Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) Green Infrastructure (GI) Green Roofs, Rain garden
Reduction/Disconnection of Impervious
Areas
Bioretention swales, Bioretention basins
Dry, Extended-detention ponds
Stormwater Wetlands
Infiltration meaures (Basins, Trenches,
Porous Pavement)
Rainwater tanks
• Rain Garden, EPA, Washington D.C.
• Rainwater Utilization, MIT, Boston
Washington and Boston, Rainwater Management
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Remote Controlling System for Decentralization
1. Linking water infrastructure to IT
2. Remote controlling system is key element for success of decentralized approaches
3. Software already developed. It is time to copy and modify with low cost
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Internet
Site
KICT
Remote Controlling System for Decentralization
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Remote Rainwater and Wastewater Recycling System
Treated wastewater Rain remote monitoring
Butterfly Valve
First flusing treat
Waste tank
MF filter
Wastewater treatment system
Treated rain water
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Policy Guide for Eco-efficiency Water Infra
1. Get the right price Ecological price into market priceGreen Budget, Tax and Subsidy Reform
2. Reduce distance Decentralized Production of Water
3. Develop new water Wastewater and Rainwater as new water source
4. Educate People Demand management of water consumption
5. Promote Green Infant Industry
Protect infant water industry (PPP)
6. Integrated with Other Infrastructures
Integrated planning with other infrastructures
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Who lead: Role of Government
1. Build the system to fill two gaps
Time gap between short-term investment and long-tern profits
Price gap between market price and ecological price
2. Pricing, tax and subsidy for new innovators in the local business
3. Government intervention for infant water industries
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Priority Directions? My picks!
Priority 1: Low hanging fruits Design in reducing distance of water infrastructure Development new water source infrastructures: wastewater Long-term investment programme in technology and design
Priority 2: Harder but worth doing Educate people Integrated planning with other infrastructures
Priority 3: Tough with winners and losers but should do Application of ecological pricing Green Budget and Tax Reform
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Key Messages
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Story for a Certain Country (1) In 1903, an Australian management consultant visited a
developing country. He described “these people are easy-going race who reckon time is no subject........”
Government officials also agreed “it is impossible to change the habits of national heritage”
American missionary Sidney Gulick described the these people lazy and utterly indifferent to the passage of time. He lived inthis country for 25 years (1888-1913)
Ms. Beatrice Webb, famous leader of British Fabian socialism described these people as objectionable notions of leisure and aquite intolerable personal independence. No desire to teach these people to think (after tour in 1911-1912 )
It was Japan in 1915 (Evolution of the Japanese in 1903)
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Story for a Certain Country (2)
Ms. Beatrice Webb also described Korean as 12 millions of dirty, degraded, sullen, lazy and religionless savages who slouch about in dirty white garments of the most inept kind and who live in filthy mudhuts.
Samsung Story: in 1984, announced to be a semiconductor producer
POSCO Story: In late 1960s, WB declined the loan-South Korea’s traditional exports consisted of fish, cheap apparel, wigs and plywood
- It did not possess iron ore and coking coal
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Summary Message
1. Green growth (eco-efficiency) is the Policy Option to support SD and MDGs
2. Restructuring Infrastructure of Economy Invisible infrastructure
3. Government must lead to fill two gaps Time gap: short term burdens and long term
benefits Price gap: market price and ecological price Provide incentive LCGG innovators
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Coming Big Events
1. The 3rd Regional Workshop on Eco-efficient Water Infrastructure Development in Asia and the Pacific 23-25 November 2010, Bangkok
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www.ecowaterinfra.org
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KIM Tae HyungEconomic Affairs Officer
Environment and Development Division (EDD)
UNESCAP
Tel: (66) 2-288-1533 / Email: [email protected]
www.ecowaterinfra.org
Thank You for Your Attention