policy and institutional coherence for migration and development: a dashboard dr. melissa siegel...
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Policy and Institutional Coherence for Migration and Development: A Dashboard
Dr. Melissa SiegelElaine McGregor
Department 2
Background and Rationale
• Global discussions on M&D– Cross-cutting policy area
• M&D in academia – Complex relationship
• Policy Coherence for development
Department 3
Objectives
• To encourage policy makers to reflect on their own context
• To enable critical self-assessment of levels of PICMD
• To identify areas for improvement.• To promote more efforts to understanding
the links between M&D in different contexts
Department 4
Developing the Dashboard
Establishing Concepts and
Underlying Assumptions
Literature Review: Causal
Linkages
Literature Review:
Measurement of Policy
Coherence
Development of
Prelimenary Indicators
Piloting the Dashboard
Department 5
Definitions and Assumptions
• Broad definition of (human) development• The choice to migrate is considered
positive • Measures to harness the positive links
between migration and development are inherently diverse and context-specific
• Cumulative impact of a wide range of policies lead to greater PICMD.
Department 6
Literature Review: Causal Linkages
• Gathered sparse evidence on the impacts of migration and development policies– E.g. Visa restrictions reduce overall
circulation (Czaika & de Haas, 2014)– E.g. Countries with restrictive emigration
policies have less migration than similar countries (McKenzie, 2007)
Department 7
Literature Review: Measuring PCD
• No systematic approach or measurement tools• Range of strategies used in other policies areas
dependent on existing evidence and availability of data
• Clear identification of insitutional factors contributing to PCD• Political commitment, interministerial bodies etc
• Use of indicators based on theoretical or empirically established causal linkages between policy domain and development
Department 8
Factors to Consider when Developing Indicators
• Measurable• Data availability • Evidence based• Managable number of indicators
Department 9
The Dashboard• Indicators are presented in three main categories
– institutional indicators (applicable to both sending and receiving countries);
– policy coherence indicators for migrant sending countries;
– policy indicators for migrant receiving countries.• Each category has four specific objectives • Each indicator is identified as relating to migration
policy, migration-related development policy or other policy domains.
• Each indicator indicates whether it is an input, output or outcome
Department 10
Insitutional Coherence
• Four objectives for ICD:1. Migration and Development is established as a
distinct policy domain, underpinned by an explicit political commitment
2. Policies are based on best available evidence3. Effective implementation of policy
commitments4. Effective horizontal and vertical coordination
across government
Department 11
IC1: M&D Established as Distinct Policy Domain (7 indicators)
• Public committment to acknowledge development in migation policies
• Participation in regional and global fora• Ratification of conventions: C97, C143, MWC• Migration taken into account in development plans
Department 12
IC2: Policies are Based on Best Evidence (4 indicators)
• Funding of independent research on migration and development
• Existance of a migration profile that was developed by relevant ministries in cooperation
• Impact evaluations conducted on programmes
Department 13
IC3: Effective Implementation of Policy Committments (2 indicators)
• Funding is allocated to programmes in the area of migration and development
• Funding is allocated for evaluations.
Department 14
IC4: Effective Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation (4 indicators)
• Existance of a interagency body/committee on migration and development which– meets on a regular basis; and– is representative of actors working on migration
• The body/office in charge of migration takes development into account
Department 15
Policy Coherence for Migration and Development in Destination Countries
• Four strategic objectives:– Reduce costs (social and monetary) of migration to
facilitate (labour) mobility and make moving safer and more affordable for migrants
– Effective protection of the rights of migrants and their families
– Promote social cohesion and development by facilitating the integration of migrants into society and the labour market
– Enhance the development impact of migration for countries of origin
Department 16
PCR1: Reduce costs of migration (5 indicators) • Regulation framework for recruitment
agencies• No costs to migrants• Multiple entry visas• No Pre-migration integration tests• No arbitrary quotas for migrants
Department 17
PCR2: Protection of Rights (11 indicators)• Access to health care• Access to education• Access to labour markets• Migrant unemployment rates equal to natives• Right to change employer• Right to join trade unions• Access to justice• Local voting rights (for long-term residents)• Right to form associations• Family reunification• Portable pensions
Department 18
PCR3: Promotion of integration/social cohesion (7 indicators)
• Dual citizenship• Access to citizenship• Educational support for migrant children• Migrant children education performance on par with
natives• Cost of language courses low • Skill recognition mechanisms in place• Cost of higher education for migrant children equal
to natives
Department 19
PCR4: Enhance Development Impact (3 indicators)
• Multiple remittance service providers• Remittance cost low• Temporary return programmes available
Department 20
Limitation
• Data limitations• The dashboard cannot identify
incoherence• Work in progress