police history, styles, & issues presentation

7/23/2019 Police History, Styles, & Issues Presentation

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The Police and Law Enforcement

Police History, Styles, & IssuesDimetrius Nash

CJ!"#$

"% January "#$

'eith (ailly


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Timeline of Historical De)elo*m

Political Era (1840s-1930s)

Professional Era (1930s-1970s)

Community Model Era (1970s-Present)


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Three Historical Eras of merican Policin

Political Policin+ Era-$#.s/01#.s Characteri2ed 3y decentrali2ed *olicin+, ser)ice

orientation and corru*tion

Professional Policin+ Era01#.s/0%#.s Characteri2ed 3y elimination of *olitical influence,

hi+her *ersonnel standards, scientific mana+ement

*rinci*les, military style or+ani2ation and creation os*eciali2ed units

Community Policin+ Era0%#.s/*resent Characteri2ed 3y +reater sensiti)ity to needs of

community, mandated 3y Su*reme Court and culturachan+es ta4in+ *lace in society


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Political Era (1840-190)

Close ties 3etween *olice and *olitical machines

5unction as watchman 6 4ee* trou3lesome classes un

control(road discretion for 3eat co*s


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Professional Era 70"#/0%#8

Pro+ressi)e reform mo)ementTwo *rimary +oals

(rea4 lin4 3etween *olice and *olitics

9a4e *olice more *rofessional and im*ro)e ser)ices


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Community Model Era (1970-Present)

Pro3lem sol)in+ is 3est done at the nei+h3orh

le)el, not in some distant head:uarters; Locall

situated *olice wor4in+ with residents are a +o*ro3lem/sol)in+ team;

(ro4en windows thesis


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Styles


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Styles


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Styles


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Styles


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De*artment of Homeland Secur

The De*artment of Homeland Security has si=enforcement a+encies under its >urisdiction:

?;S; Citi2enshi* and Immi+ration Ser)ices7?SCIS8

?;S; Coast @uard7?SC@8

?;S; Customs and (order Protection7C(P8

?;S; Immi+ration and Customs Enforcement7ICE8

?;S; Secret Ser)ice7?SSS8

Trans*ortation Security dministration7TS8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services


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De*artment of Homeland Securesponsibilities:

?;S; Citi2enshi* and Immi+ration Ser)ices7?SCIS8

ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, B?SCIS, in coordination with I&, will *ro)ide

information su**ort and will coordinate with state and local fusion centers 7SL5C

enforcement, and IC re:uests for immi+ration documentation and information; ?

*ro)ides su3>ect/matter e=*ertise on immi+ration and naturali2ation issues, and i

custodian of more than # million alien files that contain 3io+ra*hical, family, an

on aliens who see4 ?;S; immi+ration 3enefits; ?SCIS.s 5raud Detection and NatSecurity 75DNS8 will facilitate, mana+e and o)ersee the sharin+ of immi+ration

information and the colla3oration 3etween ?SCIS and SL5Cs; This ?SCIS su**

will 3e achie)ed throu+h 5DNS ect 9atter E=*erts for ICE.s Immi

(enefit 5raud Tas4 5orces 7I(5T5s8, as well as local JTT5s and other law enforc

intelli+ence a+encies;B 7*; "8;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services


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esponsibilities:?;S; Coast @uard7?SC@8

ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, B?SC@ will interact with SL5Cs throu+h Coast

units; These interactions *rimarily in)ol)e matters within Coast @uard >urisdictio

*ort!coastal areas and may e=tend to the *art/time, tem*orary, or rotational assi+

*ersonnel in fusion centers; ?SC@ will continue to coordinate acti)ities within tDe*artment and with @o)ernors, their Homeland Security d)isors, law enforce

*artners, critical infrastructure o*erators, and SL5Cs;B 7*; "$/"8;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard


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esponsibilities:?;S; Customs and (order Protection7C(P8

ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, BC(P will interact *rimarily with SL5Cs in 3ord

throu+h C(P field elements or the *lacement of its


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esponsibilities:?;S; Immi+ration and Customs Enforcement7ICE8

ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, BICE will continue to share information with SL5

ran+e of issues, includin+, 3ut not limited to tactical information,


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esponsibilities:?;S; Secret Ser)ice7?SSS8

ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, The ?nited States Secret Ser)ice 7?SSS8, and th

a si+nificant num3er of field offices located throu+hout the ?nited States and ha)

closely with their re+ional, State, and local counter*arts on matters of mutual int

many years; 9any of these field offices are located in close *ro=imity to SL5Cs

local and re+ional collea+ues are

*ro)idin+ information to the field offices that is directly rele)ant to their mission

field com*onents ha)e already esta3lished relationshi*s with SL5Cs and, in som

ha)e assi+ned re*resentati)es to the SL5Cs;B 7*; "$8;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secret_Service


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esponsibilities:Trans*ortation Security dministration7TS8

ccordin+ to A5as;or+A 7"##-8, BTS will interact with SL5Cs throu+h their 5ed

9arshals and TS 5ield Intelli+ence or air*orts; This will 3uild u*on *ro+rams to *lace staff in fusion

5uture de*loyments will 3e coordinated with the SLP


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Primary Pur*oses of Police Patrol

urposes of atrol

! Deter crime by being visible! Maintain public order (peacekeeping)! Respond quickly to emergencies! Arrest criminals! Aid citizens in distress! Facilitate movement of people and traffic! reate a sense of safety and security


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Gole of Police in Contem*orary So

5i)e Com*onents of Policin+

; Enforcin+ the law 7es*ecially the criminal law8

"; In)esti+atin+ crimes and a**rehendin+ offenders

1; Pre)entin+ Crime

$; Hel*in+ to ensure domestic *eace and tran:uility; Pro)idin+ the community with needed enforcement/related se


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Gole of Police in Contem*orary So

"a# Enforcement $%encies in t&e '


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Issues 5acin+ Today.s Police De*artm

Ethnic Di)ersityNationwide, racial and ethnic minorities com*rised "";% o

time sworn *olice *ersonnel in "###, u* from % in 00#;

3rin+s the num3er of ethnic minorities to a le)el a**roachin

re*resentation in the merican *o*ulation;

@ender Di)ersity

Howe)er, women are still si+nificantly unre*resented; cco

a study conducted 3y the National Center for Fomen and Po

7NCFP8, in "## which found that women fill only ";%

sworn law enforcement *ositions nationwide; The NCFP al

that women account for $; of em*loyed *eo*le o)er the

nationwide ma4in+ women stri4in+lyB misre*resented ifield of sworn law enforcement;


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Geferences

5as;or+; 7"##-8; Getrie)ed from htt*!!www;fas;or+!ir*!a+ency!dhs!cono*s;*df

75ran4 Schmalle+er, "#8; Pearson Education, "#;

Lan+worthy, G; & Tra)is, L; 70008; Policin+ in merica (a

5orces; Prentice Hall ?* Saddle Gi)er, New Jersey;
http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdfhttp://www.fas.org/irp/agency/dhs/conops.pdf

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