pnie - trim out - ch11
TRANSCRIPT
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Cisco Networking Academy ProgramCopyright 2004 Panduit Network Infrastructure Essentials
Chapter 11 Trim Out Phase
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Learning Objectives
Learn About the Trim Out Phase Learn About Cable Management
Understand How to Terminate Copper Media Learn About Terminating Fiber-Optic Media Learn About Patch Panels
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Cutting Cable to Length
At the wall outlet, leave about 15-20cm (6 - 8 in) of cable that can becoiled in the wall box
A common mistake of new installers
is to cut the cable short . Remember,excess can always be cut off, but ashort cable cannot be extended
When it is time to cut the cables to
length, care must be taken to re-labelthe cables before cutting if theoriginal label is on a portion that is cutoff
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Cable Splicing
Splicing cabling isconnecting two cablestogether
In a straight splice, onecable will come to the splicepoint from one directionwhile the other cable willcome to the splice point from
the opposite direction In a butt splice, all cables
come to the splice locationfrom the same direction
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Cable Termination
The termination of communications cables at a TR isreferred to as ' punching down The term punch down comes from the special spring-
loaded tool used to terminate the individual wires
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Labeling Systems
Labeling cable is essentialto good cablemanagement
It is best to label cablebefore terminating it. If thiswas not done, use a toneand probe set to identifythe cables
Use an industry acceptedlabeling scheme such asthe one specified inANSI/TIA/EIA-606
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Dressing cables
Cable management isimportant to protect andorganize cables
It is never acceptable to
place cables over a droppedceiling or to lay them onceiling tiles
Similarly, cables should not
be exposed around workareas since they can beaccidentally stretched, kicked,or even pulled out of the outlet
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Wire Management
The purpose of wiremanagement is to organizeand protect cables
Cable management systems
can be open or closed Open systems are accessible
so it is easy to route, test, add,or remove cables
Closed systems providebetter protection for the cables
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Consolidation Points and MUTOAs
Consolidation points or multi-usertelecommunications outletassemblies (MUTOAs) can beplaced strategically throughout anoffice layout
Each consolidation point or MUTOAwill generally serve between sixand 12 users
These become fixed terminal
locations throughout the office When office partitions are changed,
the cabling is changed back tothe MUTOA or consolidation pointonly
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Types of management equipment
Raceways Baskets J-hooks and bridle
rings D-rings and
mushrooms Ladder systems Cable trays Fasteners
Management systems
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Raceways
Raceway is the term used to describecontainment systems that house or supportcables
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Cable Trays
Cable trays are used to provide a pathway andsupport for network distribution cables andbackbone cables in cable runs or the TR
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Cable Baskets
Wire baskets have the samefunction as cable trays but aregenerally lighter and can bemore versatile . They aremade of formed and weldedwire
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Ladder Racks
A ladder system is built from sections thatresemble a ladder Ladder systems can be installed above a
dropped ceiling , or they can be installed ina TR
They can run
vertically or
horizontally
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Cable Ties
Nylon cable ties are used to secure cables intobundles for neat and orderly routing. Cable tiesshould not be over-tightened
Over-tightening can cause the architecture of the
cable to change
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Copper Media: Tip and Ring
Pairs of wires for voice or data are referred to as tipand ring The ring colors are blue, orange, green, brown,
and slate The tip colors are white, red, black, yellow, and
violet
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25-Pair Color Code
The color-coding is universal to all telecommunicationscables in North America Each colored cable pair is associated with a respective
number Cables larger than 25 pairs are formed into 25-pair groups
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25-Pair Color Code
Communications cablesare color-coded toidentify individual pairs
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Determining Binder Colors
Pair 398 would be the violet/green pair in theyellow/blue binder group.
This is determined by subtracting one from thepair: 398-1=397 , dividing by 25: 397/25=15 R 22 and recording the quotient and the remainder.
Adding one to the quotient gives the binder
number : 15+1=16=Yellow/Blue . Adding one to the remainder gives the wire pair
number : 22+1=23=Violet/Green .
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Four Pair Color Code
For most voice and data cabling, UTP cables areused These cables have four pairs of twisted wires in
each cable The color-coding scheme for this type of cabling is
a subset of the larger 25-pair color code: Pair 1 - White/Blue Pair 2 - White/Orange Pair 3 - White/Green Pair 4 - White/Brown
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T568A and T568B Wiring Schemes
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RJ-11 Plugs and Jacks
The RJ-11 connector, which canbe either a jack or plug, is usedfor terminating Category 3 cable
This common connector has sixpins
Pair 1(white/blue) is terminated onpins 3 and 4
Pair 2 (white/orange) is terminatedon pins 2 and 5
Pair 3 (white/green) is terminated
on pins 1 and 6
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RJ-45 Plugs and Jacks
RJ-45 plugs have eight pins that willaccommodate up to four pairs of wires Pair 1 is always terminated on the center pins,
in this case, pins 4 and 5 Pair 4 (white/brown) is always terminated onpins 7 and 8 Using T568B , pair 2 (white/orange) terminates
on pins 1 and 2 Pair 3 (white/green) terminates on pins 3 and 6 T568A reverses pairs 2 and 3 so that pair 2
terminates on pins 3 and 6, while pair 3
terminates on pins 1 and 2
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Coaxial Cable Connectors
The two common types of coaxialcable connectors are BNCconnectors and F-connectors
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Telephone D-type Connector
The telephone D-typeconnector is used tointerconnectcommunicationsequipment to terminalblocks . It is also used toconnect one entire terminal
block to another. Theseconnectors crimp 25 pairsof wire and can come inmale and female
configurations
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110-Blocks
110-blocks are high-density terminationblocks suitable for either voice or dataapplications
The insulation displacement connection
provides a low resistance gas tight connection
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Fiber-Optic Cable Color Code
Just as copper wires have a color-coding schemeto distinguish pairs of wires, there is a standardcolor-coding scheme for fiber-optic cable. Thiscolor-coding scheme is specified in TIA/EIA 598-A
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Fiber-Optic Jumper Cables
Fiber-optic jumpers or patch cables are used to interconnectelectronic equipment to the fiber-optic cable, or they are usedto patch from one cable to another
Jumpers are used to interconnect equipment to the fiber-optic cable , while patch cables are used for interconnection ofone cable to another
Generally, fiber-optic jumpers are duplex cables .
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Fiber-Optic Connectors
Fiber-optic connectors come in single-modeand multimode varieties
The hole in the single-mode connector will beslightly smaller than the multimode connector
There are a number of different types of
fiber-optic connectors that are used in thecommunications industry
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SC Connectors
SC type connectors feature a push-pull connect anddisconnect method. High quality SC connectorsfeature a ceramic ferrule . A ferrule is a ceramicshaft that contains the fiber
The SC connector is the preferred connector touse according to the standards.
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ST Connectors
The ST fiber-optic connector is a bayonettype of connector The receptacle is keyed and the connector is
also keyed Standards will allow the use of ST connectors
when the existing infrastructure incorporatesST connectors
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FC Connectors
FC fiber-optic connectors are similar indesign to the SC and the ST
The method of securing the FC connector is a
threaded receptacle.
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Other Fiber-Optic Connectors
MT-RJ is a small form factor, duplex fiber-optic connector. It incorporatestwo fibers, one for transmit and one for receive
LC connectors are ideal for applications where space is limited. LCconnectors are similar in appearance to SC connectors, yet they are halfthe size.
MTP connectors provide reliable high performance interconnects of up to 12fibers.
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Fiber-Optic Splicing
Splicing is the joining of two pieces of fiber-optic cable. In a mechanical splice , the splice connector provides
precision alignment so that the cores of the two fibers beingspliced are aligned as close to one another as physicallypossible
Fusion splicing is the actual welding of the optical fibers toone another. Special machines called fusion splicers are usedin this process
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Terminating on patch panels
Patch panels are used to interconnect datanetworking or voice systems to the physicalcable network
Patch panels are also used to interconnectbackbone cable systems to network distributioncable systems
A uniform wiring plan must be used throughouta patch panel system
All jacks and patch panels should be wiredusing the same wiring plan
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Patch panels
The rear of the patch panel has networkcables that are punched down
The front of the patch panel has a factory-terminated interface of some type into whichpatch cords are inserted
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Patch Cables
Patch cables come in a variety of wiringschemes. The most common, the straightthrough, has the same wiring scheme on bothends of the cable
Crossover cables use the T568A wiring planon one end and T568B on the other
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Cross-connecting
Cross-connecting is the term used for theinterconnection of networks or the connection ofinformation outlets or jacks to network equipment
Cross-connect wire is punched down directly on thepunch down termination panels rather than using apatch cord