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PMCHAMP PMP Exam Prep Workshop
© Vinai Prakash, PMCHAMP.COM 1
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PMP Exam Prep Coaching Program
Project Quality Management
Control Quality
Presented by Vinai Prakash, PMP
Project Quality Management
� Plan Quality Management
� Perform Quality Assurance
� Control Quality
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Process Overview
� Control Quality – Process Overview
� Process of monitoring and recording results of executing
activities to assess performance and recommend
necessary changes.
� KEY BENEFITS:
� Identify the cause of poor process/product quality
� Recommend and/or take action to eliminate them
� Validate project deliverables and work per the plan, necessary for final acceptance.
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Technical Function
� Control Quality
� A technical function that monitors specific project results
to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards, and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory results
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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QA vs QC
� Where Quality Assurance checks whether standards and procedures are being followed, Quality Control uses specific measurements to check if the project and its processes are in control.
� While quality assurance is primarily done during the Executing process group, quality control is done during the Monitoring and Controlling process group of the project and its focus is on the correctness of the work.
� Control quality is used during executing and closing phases to formally demonstrate, with reliable data, that the sponsor/customer’s acceptance criteria have been met.
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Control Quality ITTOs
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QC Focus
� Difference between
� Prevention – keeping errors out of the process
� Inspection – keeping errors out of the hands of the customer
� Tolerance – specific range of acceptable results
� Control Limits – Thresholds which indicate if a process is out of
control. They identify the boundaries of common variation in a
statistically stable process.
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Control Quality: Inputs
� Inputs� Project Management Plan
� Quality Metrics (attributes, how to measure. – function points, mean time between failure)
� Quality Checklists
� Work Performance Data (Planned vs actual technical/schedule/cost performance)
� Approved Change Requests
� Deliverables
� Project Documents (Agreements, audit reports,
training plans/assessments)
� Organizational Process Assets (issue/defect reporting procedure,
communication policies, quality standards/policies)
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Control Quality: T&T
� Tools & Techniques
� Seven Basic Tools of Quality:
� Cause and Effect Diagram
� Flow charting
� Check sheets
� Pareto Chart
� Control Charts
� Histogram
� Scatter Diagram
� Statistical Sampling
� Run Chart
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Quality Management
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Ishikawa Diagram
� Cause and Effect Diagram
� Also known as Ishikawa diagram or “fish bone” diagram because of its shape
� Illustrates how various factors might be linked to potential problems or effects
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Quality Management
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An Ishikawa diagram helps to:
A. Put information in its order of priority
B. Identify the deviation from the mean of the control chart
C. Show team responsibilities
D. Identify potential factors causing an overall effect
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Control Charts
� Control Chart
� A data gathering tool to show when a process is subject to cause variation or in a out-of-control condition
� Illustrates how a process behaves over time
� The process is statistically ‘out-of-control’ in either of these two conditions:� A data point falls outside the upper or lower control limit –Out of Control condition.
� Non-random data points that are still within the upper and lower control limits, such as the ‘rule of seven’
� ‘Rule of seven’ – where non-random data points are grouped together in a series of seven, on one side of the mean. This indicates that the process may be out-of-control and needs to be investigated
� An ‘out-of-control’ process lacks consistency and predictability
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Rule of Seven
Rule of Seven
Out of Control
� Control Chart
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Quality Management
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You are involved in monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards. You are using the control chart to illustrate how the process is behaving over time. You have constructed your chart and that all data points are within upper and lower control limits of chart. In addition, seven consecutive data points are observed, to be one side of the mean. Which of the following is your BEST plan of action?
A. Compare results from the last quality management plan
B. No additional actions is needed, as the process is within control
C. Adjust the mean based on the observed data points
D. Identify the special cause variation
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Flowchart Sample
� Flowcharting
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Quality Management
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Control Quality
� Histogram� A bar chart showing the distribution of variables
� Helps identify the cause of problems in a process
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Control Quality
� Pareto Chart� A Pareto Chart is a type of histogram, with data displayed in the form
of bars or columns
� The higher the bar, the more frequent the problem
� Studies show that 80% of the problems are due to 20% of the causes, so identifying and addressing the root causes of the most frequent problems makes the biggest impact on quality
� Helps focus attention on the most critical issues
� Prioritises potential causes of problems
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Control Quality
� Pareto Chart
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Quality Management
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Which of the following statements are true regarding the Pareto diagrams?
A. Pareto diagram involves using mathematical techniques to forecast future outcomes based on historical results
B. Pareto diagrams use statistical measurements to identify the most important problems through different measurement scale; i.e. frequency, cost, etc and directs attention and efforts to most significant problems and /or opportunities
C. Pareto diagram illustrate the relationships between two variables
D. Pareto diagrams are created by randomly selecting random portions of a population for inspection
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Control Quality
� Run Chart� Shows the history and trend of variation over time
� Often used to monitor technical, cost, and schedule performance
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Quality Management
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Control Quality
� Scatter Diagram� Shows the pattern of relationship between two variables, to see if they
are related. For example, if the quality of the wood is changed, so has the strength of the tables, a scatter diagram might be used to see if the two are related
Y
X
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Quality Management
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You are the project manager at a large automaker in Japan. Your project involves designing the next generation four wheel drive Sports Utility vehicle for the Asian market. Your project team is attempting to determine the right combination of suspension, tires and chassis that will ensure the stability of SUV at high speeds. Currently, you would like to measure the association between the two vehicle's - tire size and overall stability. Which of the following diagrams can you use?
A. Gantt Chart
B. Run chart
C. Control chart
D. Scatter chart
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Control Quality
� Other Quality Control Tools
� Statistical Sampling� Choosing part of a population for inspection to check for entire batch
acceptance
� Inspection� Physical examination to determine conformance to standards
� Also called ‘reviews’, ‘peer reviews’, ‘audits’, and ‘walkthroughs’
� Results of an inspection include measurements
� Defect Repair Review� Action taken to ensure that product defects are
repaired and brought into compliance with requirements
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Which of the following are tool/ technique of Perform Quality Control that involves measuring or testing results to determine whether they confirm to the requirements and quality standards?
A. Sampling
B. Pareto diagram
C. Inspection
D. Control charts
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Control Quality
� Some Statistical Concepts� Mutual Exclusivity
� Two events are said to be Mutually Exclusive if they cannot both occur in a single trial, for example tossing a coin once cannot result in both a ‘head’ and a ‘tail’
� Normal Distribution� A Normal Distribution is the most common probability density
distribution chart, in the shape of a bell curve, used to measure variations
� Statistical Independence� The probability of one event occurring does not affect the probability
of another event occurring( for example the probability ofthrowing a 6 on a die does not affect the probability of getting a 5 on the next throw)
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Control Quality
� Some Statistical Concepts
� Standard Deviation (or ‘Sigma’)� The Standard Deviation is a measure of a range, also sometimes stated
as a measure of how far you are from the mean
� For example, (P – O ) / 6 is the formula for standard deviation using optimistic, pessimistic and most likely estimates as described in Project Time Management
� 3 or 6 Sigma� This represents the quality level that a company is trying to achieve
� 6 sigma represents less than 1.5 problems out of 1,000,000 and 3 sigma represents about 2,700 problems per 1,000,000
� 6 sigma is therefore a higher quality level than 3 sigma
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Quality Management
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Six Sigma Values
� In a normal distribution, the percentage of occurrences to fall between the upper and lower control limits is:
� +/- 1 sigma is 68.26%
� +/- 2 sigma is 95.46%
� +/- 3 sigma is 99.73%
� +/- 6 sigma is 99.99985%
� (we say +/- because half of the curve is to the right of the mean, and half to the left)
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Which percentage of the total distribution are 3 sigma from the mean equal to?
A. 68.26%
B. 99.99%
C. 95.46%
D. 99.73%
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Control Quality
� Outputs
� Quality Control Measurements
� Validated Changes
� Verified Deliverables
� Work Performance Information
� Change Requests
� Project Management Plan Updates
� Project Documents Updates
� Organizational Process Assets Updates
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Control Quality Monitoring and Controlling
Quality Management
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Who is ultimately responsible for quality management on the project?
A. Project engineer
B. Project manager
C. Quality manager
D. Team member
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Scope verification is normally done in parallel with :
A. Control Quality
B. Activity sequencing
C. Perform quality assurance
D. Time management
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Project Quality Management
Fundamental Relationships of Quality Assurance and Control Quality to the IPECC, PDCA,
Cost of Quality Models and Project Management Process Groups
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� End of Project Quality Management – Control
Quality
� Next Knowledge Area is Human Resource
Management.
Thanks for Watching!
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