pluralization of modern diplomacy and bosnia and herzegovina

7/25/2019 Pluralization of Modern Diplomacy and Bosnia and Herzegovina

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PLURALIZATION OF MODERN DIPLOMACY AND BOSNIA AND

HERZEGOVINA

Phd. Safet Halilovi

Faculty of Political Science of Sarajevo

PLURALIZATIO OF !O"#R "IPLO!A$% A" &OSIA A" H#RZ#'O(IA

SU!!AR%

Accordin) to it* internal +eculiaritie*, -odern di+lo-acy differ* fro- the traditional, to/*ided one, in it*

+lurali0ation toard* -ultilateral di+lo-acy1 a* o++o*ed to *ecret di+lo-acy, a conce+t of +u2lic di+lo-acy i*2ein) introduced, and the -ulti+lication of international -eetin)* and conference* cau*e* the develo+-ent of

+arlia-entary di+lo-acy, hile fre3uent -eetin)* of head* of *tate* and )overn-ent* develo+ *u--it di+lo-acy.

$old 4ar re*ulted in a total di+lo-acy, and it re+laced the detente di+lo-acy. In addition to the econo-ic and

-ilitary di+lo-acy, a *huttle di+lo-acy ha* 2een )radually 2uilt, after the *ecret one, co-e* an o+en and +u2lic

di+lo-acy, and then an ali2i and +reventive di+lo-acy.

Forei)n +olicy and di+lo-acy of &o*nia and Her0e)ovina *hould, in achievin) their +ri-ary o2jective*, -a5e u*e

of all -odern for-* of di+lo-atic action* in their effort* to 2uild and develo+ the country it*elf a* a de-ocratic,

laful, econo-ically +ro*+erou* and *ocially *ta2le *tate, and to or5 on it* international affir-ation and

acce**ion to #uro/Atlantic inte)ration.

6lju7ne rije7i8 *tate of &9H, deter-ination and +lurali0ation of di+lo-acy, 2ilateral, -ultilateral, econo-ic, -ilitaryand *u--it di+lo-acy, +u2lic, ali2i, +reventive and *huttle di+lo-acy, re*titution of &9H and it* refor-.

ITRO"U$TIO

International and le)al reco)nition of the inde+endent and *overei)n State of &o*nia and Her0e)ovina that

ha++end in :;;< re*ulted in, a-on) other thin)*, the need of fa*t or)ani0ation and action of the a++ro+riate office

of forei)n affair* hich ould, throu)h it* di+lo-acy of a nely e*ta2li*hed inde+endent *tate, or5 on +riority

o2jective* of endin) the ar and +o*itionin) of &o*nia and Her0e)ovina a* a fully le)al factor ithin the

international relation*. In today=* +ha*e of country=* develo+-ent, our di+lo-acy *hould, a* one of it* +ri-ary

ta*5* of action, contri2ute, a* i* *uita2le for countrie* in tran*ition, to 2uildin) of &o*nia and Her0e)ovina a* ade-ocratic, le)al, econo-ically +ro*+erou* and *ocialy *ta2le *tate, and, 2efore anythin) el*e, to it* international

affir-ation and joinin) the #uro/Atlantic inte)ration.

Inten*ive develo+-ent of -odern di+lo-atic relation* i-+lie* inclu*ion in the +roce** of +ractically all of the for-*

of international coo+eration, a* ell a* +rofe**ional and 3ualified e-+loyee* in the in*titution* of forei)n affair*

ho ill, throu)h a++ro+riate trainin), ac3uire the nece**ary *+eciali*t 5noled)e on the di+lo-atic rule*, *tatu*

i**ue*, for-* of co--unication, and all other relevant factor* in the field of international relation* and on

re)ulatin) relation* 2eteen international le)al entitie* and their re+re*entative*.

TO4AR"S TH# "#FIITIO OF "IPLO!A$%
http://www.ibn-sina.net/old/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1874%3Apluralization-of-modern-diplomacy-and-bosnia-and-herzegovina&catid=142%3Abroj-60&lang=bshttp://www.ibn-sina.net/old/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1874%3Apluralization-of-modern-diplomacy-and-bosnia-and-herzegovina&catid=142%3Abroj-60&lang=bshttp://www.ibn-sina.net/old/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1874%3Apluralization-of-modern-diplomacy-and-bosnia-and-herzegovina&catid=142%3Abroj-60&lang=bshttp://www.ibn-sina.net/old/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1874%3Apluralization-of-modern-diplomacy-and-bosnia-and-herzegovina&catid=142%3Abroj-60&lang=bs


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$on*iderin) all the di*tinction* and the a-2i)uity of the ter- di+lo-acy, it ould 2e acce+ta2le to define the ter-

di+lo-acy a* the one that u*ually involve* conductin) *tate affair* in the field of forei)n +olicy throu)h official

relation* ith other countrie* and international or)ani0ation*

"evelo+-ent of di+lo-acy cau*e* the di+lo-atic activity to *+read on other relation* in addition to +olitical.

Additionally, there i* an increa*in) de-and to di+lo-atically or)ani0e ne area*, other than nor-ally e>+ected,

and focal +oint of international relation* *uch a* hu-an ri)ht*, -i)ration, fi)ht a)ain*t international cri-e and

terrori*-, environ-ental i**ue*, technolo)ical *tandardi0ation need*, etc. All the*e need* re3uire of -odern

di+lo-acy to 2e i* tran*for-ed into a +rofe**ion ith -ore *+eciali*t 5noled)e. Al*o, the ra+id technolo)ical

develo+-ent in co--unication* chan)e* the character of di+lo-atic co--unication, leadin) to the )lo2ali0ation

of infor-ation, hich i* directly related to the increa*e in the influence of the -edia and the )eneral +u2lic on the

+roce**e* in international relation*.

Havin) all thi* in -ind, it i* clear that the di+lo-atic action* of every *tate are a dyna-ic +roce** of a ide ran)e

of activitie* ho*e +rioritie* are affected 2y chan)e* in the internal and international relation*. Undou2tedly, the

+ri-ary )oal of any di+lo-atic en)a)e-ent *hould 2e in the *ervice of univer*al value* ithin the international

relation* li5e en*urin) +eace, the +ro-otion of de-ocracy and hu-an ri)ht*, +ro-otin) econo-ic and cultural

+ro*+erity, adherence to nor-* of international la, rejectin) the u*e of force, and the develo+-ent of all for-* ofinternational coo+eration.

RAZU?#OST "IPLO!ATS6O' "@#LO(A@A

$on*iderin) the fact that di+lo-acy ha* 2een the -ean* of *tate relation* and intere*t* and )oal* ithin the

international do-ain, it ha* 2een, hile reflectin) the *+irit and characteri*tic* of it* re*+ective ti-e*, )oin)

throu)h variou* chan)e*. It ha* 2een clo*ely connected to international and all other affair* of different e+och* in

the develo+-ent of hu-anity, chan)in) it* on -ethod*, for-* and all other characteri*tic*.

!odern di+lo-acy, ho*e e-er)ence i* tied to chan)e* that occurred after 4orld 4ar II, i* 2ein) +lurali0ed

toard* it* internal feature*, *o that in addition to the traditional to/*ided, 2ilateral di+lo-acy, there i* -ore and

-ore tal5 a2out -ultilateral di+lo-acy. A* o++o*ed to *ecret di+lo-acy, hich a* do-inant in the +a*t, aconce+t of +u2lic di+lo-acy i* no 2ein) introduced. The -a5in) of international or)ani0ation*, increa*e in

nu-2er of international -eetin)* and conference*, and the *+ecificity of their +rocedure* and -ethod* of or5

con*e3uently lead to the develo+-ent of +arlia-entary di+lo-acy, and fre3uent -eetin)* of head* of *tate* and

)overn-ent* develo+ a *+ecial 5ind of *u--it di+lo-acy, in other ord*, di+lo-acy at the to+. "urin) the +eriod

of the $old 4ar, all the 2i+olar confrontation* of +olitical 2loc5* led to the notion of total di+lo-acy, and the

a2ate-ent in their relation* to detente di+lo-acy. Particular *ort of di+lo-atic activity ai-ed to di*a2le

international conflict* i* -ar5ed a* +reventive di+lo-acy. BS. &er5ovic, :CD

Accordin) to the (ienna $onvention on "i+lo-atic Relation* fro- :;E:, +ri-ary ta*5* of -odern di+lo-acy are8

+re*entation, +rotection, -onitorin) and notifyin), ne)otiation, +ro-otion of friendly relation* and activitie* in the

develo+-ent of econo-ic, cultural, *cientific and other relation* a-on) *tate*.

&ILAT#RAL "IPLO!A$%

Unli5e fro- the early for-* of di+lo-atic activitie* 5non a* di+lo-acy of te-+orary re+re*entative* and ad hoc

dele)ation*, in the *i>teenth century there ere introduced +er-anent di+lo-atic -i**ion*, e-2a**ie* and

-i**ion a* a for- of relation* 2eteen to countrie*, in other ord*, a 2ilateral di+lo-acy a* e*ta2li*hed. The

+ractice *o far ha* confir-ed that the on)oin) of relation* 2eteen *tate* and their i-+rove-ent i* i-+o**i2le

ithout +er-anent di+lo-atic re+re*entative* and that ithout 2ilateral di+lo-acy, activitie* *uch a*

re+re*entation, re+re*entation of intere*t*, -onitorin) and re+ortin), are uni-a)ina2le, a* ell a* 2a*ic function*

of di+lo-acy. The fact that 2ilateral di+lo-acy i* the *i-+le*t and -o*t co--on for- of -utual co--unication

2eteen to countrie* i* un3ue*tiona2le. The*e relation* )o fro- 2ilateral -eetin)* of head* of *tate* of the to

countrie*, their a-2a**ador*, to the loe*t officer* in the -ini*trie* of forei)n affair* and e-2a**ie* of the tocountrie*. !atter* of 2ilateral relation* are the -o*t i-+ortant i**ue* of hi)h +olitic* e>+re**ed throu)h i**ue* of


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national *ecurity, -ilitary/+olitical and econo-ic +o*itionin), a* ell a* tho*e of -ore routine nature, *uch a*

vi*a*, 2order cro**in)*, 2order/cro**in) 0one*, etc.

!ULTILAT#RAL "IPLO!A$%

It* full develo+-ent and -odern characteri*tic*, -ultilateral di+lo-acy reache* only after the Second 4orld 4ar,

in the ti-e of e*ta2li*h-ent and afir-ation of the United ation* and other international or)ani0ation*, and thenith ave of *tren)thenin) of re)ional inter/)over-ental or)ani0ation*. The develo+-ent of -ultilateral di+lo-acy

ha* +reci+itated holdin) of -eetin)* and international conference*, on re)ular 2a*i* and te-+orary one*, and

no it ha* 2eco-e an i-+ortant factor in *olvin) of the -o*t i-+ortant +ro2le-* of the -odern orld, fro-

har-oni0in) of the -ain direction* of orld +olitic*, to codifyin) and *tandardi0ation of nor-* in a nu-2er of

area* of hu-an life. One of the factor* that ent in favor of *uch an e>+an*ion of -ultilateral di+lo-acy a* the

fact that the U ha* -ana)ed to achieve the full de)ree of univer*ality, hich all -ade +o**i2le the +artici+ation

of it* -e-2er* in a nu-2er of *i)nificant a*+ect* of -ultilateral di+lo-acy at the univer*al level. B!. !itic, :CD

4hen defined a* a con*ciou* action on the +art of *tate in coo+eration ith other countrie* in their reali0ation of

co--on o2jective*, -ultilateral di+lo-acy can 2e divided in to )rou+* of different activitie* throu)h hich they

-anife*t the-*elve*. One i* conference, con*i*tin) of an or)ani0ed international in*titution, univer*al BUD or ofre)ional *i)nificance BOS$, ATO, OASD, ith *et rule* of it* o+eration, hich i* of +er-anent character. In the*e

or)ani0ation*, di+lo-at* act accordin) to the in*truction* of their )overn-ent* and in full di+lo-atic ca+acity.

The other one i* 5non a* conference di+lo-acy here the -ultilaterali*- i* e>+re**ed throu)h international

conference* here concrete i**ue* fro- the area* of econo-y B'ATTD, ecolo)y Bthe 6yoto ProtocolD and

co--erce B4TOD ith +artici+ation of di+lo-atic re+re*entative* that have authori0ed for *olvin) *uch i**ue*. In

ter-* of duration, *uch coference* in *o-e ca*e* )ro into or)ani0ation* BOr)ani0ation for Security and $o/

o+eration in #uro+e, for in*tanceD, hile in *o-e other ca*e*, an atte-+t of creatin) a *ta2ile international

*tructure did not *ucceed, for e>a-+le on/Ali)ned !ove-ent. BR. (u5adinovi, :ED Sco+e* of international

conference* can 2e )lo2al or re)ional.

#$OO!I$ "IPLO!A$%

In a cla**ical ty+e of di+lo-acy, it a* a -ean* of achievin) *+ecific +olitical )oal* of international le)al +artie*,

here there a* an evident *e+aration of econo-ic and +olitical o2jective* and function*. In -odern di+lo-acy

that duality di*a++ear* and di+lo-acy or5* on 2oth, econo-ic and forei)n +olicy )oal*, hile in*titutionali0in)

it*elf in the for-* of international econo-ic relation* and econo-ic di+lo-acy.

In the -odern conte>t, econo-ic di+lo-acy ha* reco)ni0ed the lin5* 2eteen trade and di+lo-acy that had

already e>i*ted in the +a*t. 4ith the develo+-ent of international co--unication* there ha* 2een an increa*e in

an intere*t in the u*e of econo-ic di+lo-acy a* an i-+ortant +art of the *tate=* e>ternal action*. A* a for- of )eo/

econo-ic innovation*, it i* ell 5non Pre*ident $linton=* in*i*tence on con*tant o+enin) and e>+andin) of-ar5et*, and *tren)thenin) of econo-ic tie* ith the orld, ithin hich there i* a *+ecial *o called ar roo-

con*i*tin) of a )rou+ of +ert* ho*e ta*5 a* to or5 on the i**ue* of U.S. e>+ort*. BR. (u5adinovic,


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!ILITAR% "IPLO!A$%

&y the Ha)ue $onvention fro- :;G, the +rocedural i**ue* of +eaceful conflict re*olution a* an e**ential tool of

di+lo-acy ere *+ecified. The function of di+lo-acy a* a tool in creatin) and -aintainin) of -ilitary alliance*,

ne)otiatin) of -utual *ecurity and coo+eration on the -ilitary level, the e>i*tence of forei)n -ilitary 2a*e* a2road,

the i**ue of -ilitary aid and ar-in) certain ar-ie* lead to the )reater en)a)e-ent of *+ecial di+lo-atic activity

5non a* -ilitary di+lo-acy.

"ue to the increa*ed co-+le>ity, *co+e of or5 and co-+etence, -odern -ilitary/di+lo-atic relation* *ur+a**ed

the earlier role of a *in)le -ilitary attach and 2e)an to conuct it* activitie* throu)h variou* for-* of -ilitary and

di+lo-atic +ractice*, *uch a* -ilitary di+lo-acy at the to+, -ilitary/di+lo-atic dele)ation*, -ilitary econo-ic

-i**ion*, -ilitary -i**ion* and -ilitary co--i**ion*.

A* an inte)ral +art of the )eneral di+lo-acy, -ilitary di+lo-acy carrie* out it* activitie* -ainly ithin the

fra-eor5 of the e-2a**y and ith it* hel+, not recedin) fro- the funda-ental ta*5* of e-2a**ie* and other

di+lo-atic -i**ion*, and even +erfor-in) *o-e additional function*.

The e-er)ence and develo+-ent of -ultilateral -ilitary di+lo-acy a* conditioned 2y the creation of -ilitary/

+olitical 2loc* durin) the $old 4ar, and additionally, ith the e>+an*ion of ATO, hich ha* 2rou)ht an increa*e

in intere*t of a lar)e nu-2er of countrie* in tran*ition for joinin) the -ilitary alliance, -ultilateral -ilitary di+lo-acy

ac3uire* ne content* and area* of activity.

The ne or)ani0ation of econo-ic and +olitical +oer and the e-er)ence of the *o/called a*y--etric ar* and

ne for-* of dan)er have fore)rounded terrori*- a* an inevita2le )lo2al +ro2le- of the


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The fact that direct -eetin)* offer +o**i2ility to +olitical leader* to )et the-*elve* +er*onally ac3uainted, enter

into certain friend*hi+*, after hich they can ea*ily *olve even the -o*t difficult of *+ecific i**ue*, indicate* the

nece**ity, i-+ortance and e>ce+tional u*e of head di+lo-acy.

So-e author* 2elieve that direct -eetin)* to+ +olitical leader* can create a di*torteted i-a)e of reality in the

+erce+tion of a certain leader, *o that he -ay co-e under the influence of *+ecific circu-*tance* and +er*onality

of hi* interlocutor, hich ill lead hi- to jud)e all the event* in that +reviou*ly o2tained +o*itive li)ht. That a* the

ca*e ith Roo*evelt ho 2elieved hi* coo+eration ith Stalin could 2e *ucce**ful 2ecau*e Roo*evelt relied on

hi* +er*onal relation* ith Stalin.

A-on) tho*e ho have e>+re**ed *eriou* -i*)ivin)* a2out head di+lo-acy are the for-er U.S. under*ecretary

'eor)e &all, ho underline* that the +artici+ant* of the head di+lo-acy are +ro-inent +er*on* ho have the

*overei)n authority of their re)i-e* and are +ractically the la*t in*tance* of all -ajor +olitical i**ue*, further-ore,

they i)nore +olitical detail* and are vain and too *en*itive toard* the need* of head* of )overn-ent* ho are

their friend* and ho- they treat a* -e-2er* of the *a-e union, and that their activitie* are folloed 2y -a**

+u2licity hich i* of i-+ortance for the-. &a*ed on all thi*, &all i* of the o+inion that the head* of *tate* are

alay* in dan)er to -a5e ha*ty conce**ion* in order to achieve a++arent *ucce** or to -a5e a terri2le 2an).

B!. !itic, :D

SHUTLL# "IPLO!A$%

The -ediation or *huttle di+lo-acy i* al*o one of the for-* of di+lo-atic activitie*. Thi* ty+e of -ediatory

di+lo-atic activity ha* 2een a +ractice recently, -o*tly 2y lar)e orld force* in their atte-+t* of re*olvin) of

certain international conflict*, e>+re**in) in thi* ay their +oer and influence. In thi* ty+e of di+lo-acy,

*+eciali0ed tea-* of di+lo-at* that have role* of inter-ediarie* travel 2eteen +artie* in di*+ute, conveyin) their

-e**a)e*, tryin) to reach a co--on *olution that ould 2e a re*ult of +ro+o*ition* -ade 2y all di*+utin) *ide*,

2ut often 2y inter-ediarie* the-*elve*, *o that a co-+ro-i*e could 2e reached.

The #-er)ence of *huttle di+lo-acy a* a ne)otiatin) +ractice of recent date -any +eo+le a**ociate ith Henry

6i**in)er, ational Security Advi*or and then Secretary of State for Forei)n Affair* of the United State* Bunderi>on and Ford :;J/:;D ho con*tantly traveled 2y air+lane 2eteen @eru*ale-, "a-a*cu* and $airo after

the Ara2/I*raeli ar in :;J, tryin) to achieve +eace 2y ne)otiation*. Another fa-ou* -odel of *huttle di+lo-acy

i* the one u*ed in ne)otiation* in $a-+ "avid in Se+te-2er of :;M, 2eteen #)y+tian Pre*ident Anar Sadat

and I*raeli Pri-e !ini*ter !enache- &e)in, in hich the -ediator a* U.S. Pre*ident @i--y $arter.

The *huttle di+lo-acy involve* ne)otiation here there i* +ractically no direct contact 2eteen the ne)otiatin)

+artie*. It i* done throu)h -ediarie*. BZ. 6ovacevic, i-ity +eace tal5*, 2ecau*e they ere carried out ithin the air 2a*e here the hou*e* of ne)otiatin) +artie*

ere only ten -eter* aay fro- each other, yet, they did not ne)otiate directly ith each other. Therefore,

Hol2roo5e -ar5ed it a* the on foot *huttle di+lo-acy. In addition, ne)otiator* ere i*olated ith no contact ith

the +u2lic, ith a )oal to ne)otiate until they reach a final a)ree-ent.

S#$R#T, OP# A" PU&LI$ "IPLO!A$%

In the hi*tory of di+lo-acy, *ecret a)ree-ent* ere very often -ade, e*+ecially in the nineteenth century. There

have 2een infor-al *ecret a)ree-ent* that have affected the fate* of *tate*, *uch a* the infa-ou* -e**a)e

e>chan)e 2eteen $hurchill and Stalin on the +ercenta)e of di*tri2ution of *+here* of influence in #a*tern and

Southea*tern #uro+e. Another e>a-+le of *ecret di+lo-acy and *ecret ne)otiation* i* the one that too5 +lace

2eteen I*raeli* and Pale*tinian* in O*lo fro- :;;< to :;;J.


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S#$R#T "IPLO!A$% i* an e**ential co-+onent of conflict -ana)e-ent in co-+licated ne)otiation*. The

de-ocratic character of international relation* and di+lo-atic ne)otiation i-+lie* the +u2licity, 2ut the *ucce** in

re*olvin) of the*e conflict* i* often 2a*ed on confidentiality in their unfoldin), hich -ade the French di+lo-at

'ille* 6u-2ona to *ay that any ne)otiation ill 2eco-e i-+o**i2le on that day of it* decla**ification. BFro-8

6ovacevic, :;MD

The *ecret di+lo-acy contain* to di-en*ion* of the +ro2le-, *ecret treatie* and ne)otiation* far aay fro- the

+u2lic eye, here the e**ential difference i* 2eteen the *ecret treatie* a* *uch and *ecret holdin) of

ne)otiation* that end* ith +u2lic clo*in) of a)ree-ent. In -odern di+lo-acy, ne)otiation* -ay 2e *ecret, 2ut not

the a)ree-ent*. The U $harter, ith it* Article :G< co--itted all -e-2er *tate* to *u2-it all the international

a)ree-ent* -ade, to the Secretariat of the U, hich +u2li*he* the- ithin te>t +u2lication* of all international

treatie* -ade in a certain +eriod. Thi* +ut* *ecret treatie* a2ove the international la 2ecau*e the *i)nin) +artie*

of *uch a)ree-ent* that are not re)i*tered cannot refer to the- 2efore any U 2ody.

A* o++o*ed to thi* one, an OP# "IPLO!A$% ould 2e carryin) out of ne)otiation* that are not hidden fro- the

+u2lic.

PU&LI$ "IPLO!A$%, a* the ter-, a* fir*t -entioned in the G* of the chan)e* and

ideolo)ical activitie*. Pu2lic ty+e of action* 2eco-e* an e**ential +art of $arterN* doctrine of forei)n +olicy and

hu-an ri)ht* conce+t. At the 4hite Hou*e there a* e*ta2li*hed a *+ecial )rou+ for +u2lic di+lo-acy ith the

ai- of +rovidin) infor-ation and a ta*5 to -a5e +u2lic di+lo-acy to act +u2licly, o+enly and loudly. BR.

(u5adinovi, :D $ro**in) the 2oundarie* of inter/*tate di+lo-acy, +u2lic di+lo-acy i* the )overn-entN* -ean*

of an or)ani0ed ay to acco-+li*h the chan)e of -ood in other countrie*. It i* the ta*5 of -e-2er* of the U.S.

+u2lic di+lo-acy B+u2lic di+lo-acy office*D to +re*ent the U.S. +olicy and action* to other countrie* in the 2e*t

+o**i2le li)ht. In addition to that, they advi*e their )overn-ent on all the +o**i2le i-+lication* of +u2lic o+inion in

other a2out U.S. forei)n +olicy. Therefore, 'eoff R. &erid)e i* of the o+inion that +u2lic di+lo-acy i* in fact

forei)n +ro+a)anda carried out or underta5en 2y di+lo-at*. B!r. R. &erid)e :ED

A-erican +u2lic di+lo-acy doe* not create 2ut it i* it* o2li)ation to e>+lain forei)n +olicy, hich a* the rea*on

for foundin) the USIA BUnited State* Infor-ation A)encyD in :;;; ithin the State "e+art-ent.

Other *tate* have *i-ilar +ractice of +ro-otin) +u2lic di+lo-acy a-on) a* one of the -ain ta*5* of di+lo-atic

-i**ion* hile -ini*trie* of forei)n affair* introduce *+ecial *ector* for the +re** and infor-ation. "e+art-ent*

and the cultural attache*, &riti*h $ouncil, 'oethe In*titute and other for-* of cultural di+lo-acy are al*o +art of

the +ro+a)anda o+eration*, a* ell a* are radio and T( *tation* under direct or indirect )overn-ent control

(oice of A-erica, Radio Free #uro+e, the &&$ 4orld Service, "eut*che 4elle, etc. All de+art-ent* re*+on*i2le

for +u2lic di+lo-acy, a-on) other thin)*, +rovide the 2rea5in) ne* 2etter re*ult*, and thi* relatively ne *5ill, 2y

*o-e called the dar5 art 2eca-e 5non a* the ne* -ana)e-ent and +eo+le ho are *+eciali0e* in ne*

-ana)e-ent are collo3uially called *+in doctor*, in other ord* infor-ation -ani+ulator*. #>ce**ive and too

often *+innin) of infor-ation occa*ionally lead* to counter+roductive effect* and +u2lic *candal*, hich +ut at ri*5

the *u2*i*tence of the )overn-ent*.

Althou)h it ha* a *i-ilar +otential a* the +ro+a)anda doe*, +u2lic di+lo-acy *till contri2ute* to o+en dialo)ue,

confrontation of +o*ition* and international under*tandin). "irected at the audience and the lan)ua)e of the

audience, a *ucce**ful +u2lic di+lo-acy *+read* the dialo)ue 2eteen citi0en* of their on and of other

countrie*. In the circu-*tance* here +u2lic *u++ort i* nece**ary for -ajor chan)e* in the +o*ition of the *tate,

*uch a* joinin) ATO and the #U, +u2lic di+lo-acy turn* it* focu* on citi0en* ith a )oal to infor- the- and

+re+are for the ne *tatu* of their *tate and to +re+are the- *o the outco-e of the referendu- ould 2e +o*itive.

ALI&I "IPLO!A$%


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An ali2i di+lo-acy could 2e identified a* a *+ecial for- of di+lo-atic activity, hich i-+lie* +olitical initiative*,

ne)otiation* and other di+lo-atic activitie* that re+lace real action, ai-ed at )ainin) the *u++ort of +u2lic o+inion,

hether international or do-e*tic, and u*ually 2oth. B6ova7evi, *ecurity 0one* in &o*nia and Her0e)ovina 2y the U Security

$ouncil, ithout the nece**ary -ilitary +rovi*ion* that ould really -a5e the- *afe i* actually a +ractice of ali2i

di+lo-acy in it* -ultilateral for-. !ea*ure* of econo-ic *anction* are often in *ervice of ali2i di+lo-acy1

2ecau*e, in*tead of carryin) out concrete action* they create the illu*ion of it, ith a )oal of achievin) the

e>+ected chan)e* in the action* of other* ithout ri*5* and +articular effort* and to create an i-+re**ion of

deter-ination.

So-e author* thin5 the -o*t vivid e>a-+le of ali2i di+lo-acy are ne)otiation* in Ra-2ouillet in :;;; 2eteen theSer2ian and Al2anian *ide* re)ardin) the *tatu* of 6o*ovo, ith the -ediation of the $ontact 'rou+ of the

international co--unity, con*i*tin) of France, 'er-any, 'reat &ritain, Italy, the U.S. and Ru**ia

PR#(#TI(# "IPLO!A$%

S+ecial activitie* clo*ely related to -ultilateral di+lo-acy that co-2ine different forei)n +olicy -ean* and

-ethod* are called +reventive di+lo-acy. Preventive di+lo-acy via ne)otiation treat* certain i**ue* 2efore they

2eco-e +ro2le-* and +ro2le-* 2efore they e*calate into ar-ed conflict*.

In the docu-ent A)enda for Peace B+ CD fro- :;;


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a* other factor* / inevita2ly *ee5 en)a)e-ent of +reventive di+lo-acy. The e**ential 3ue*tion i* ho to convert

an early arnin) into an early action, 2ecau*e after that crucial initial -o-ent, a real o++ortunity to influence the

event* i* actually already 2elated. Such a* the ca*e ith the countrie* of the #U Bthen #$D that in ter-* of the

2rea5u+ of %u)o*lavia in the ;G* due to he*itation, ne)otiation* in !aa*tricht Treaty and the fa*cination ith the

re/unification of 'er-any / -i**ed the ri)ht -o-ent at the 2e)innin) of the cri*i*, hile national leader* ere *till

ea5 and uncertain and the cri*i* had not )one too far, to u*e all the -echani*-* of ell/or)ani0ed andconcentrated +reventive di+lo-acy.

The ne or)ani0ation of +olitical force* in the international arena, e*+ecially the difference* in the intere*t* of the

)reat +oer* and other factor* have led to the fact that +ractice of +reventive di+lo-acy 2e)an to a**u-e

different +ro+ortion*, for-* and content* of the one ori)inally conceived. The +re**ure to -a5e the U +reventive

di+lo-acy *erve )lo2al )overnance +roce**e* at the international level ha* *tren)then, and certain tar)eted

chan)e* are de*i)ned, i-+le-ented and encoura)ed ju*t a* her -a*5. In thi* *en*e, +o*t-odern *cholar* have

created ne in*tru-ent* *uch a* the *oft la, the ri)ht to intervene +rior to ar B+ree-+tive arD, the

re*+on*i2ility to +rotect BRatore*, nuntii, oratore*D and their function a*

)radually 2eco-in) -ore *ta2le. 4ritten -e**a)e* of the authoritie* of the &o*nian *tate 2eca-e co--on fro-

that +oint on and they ere *ent to forei)n )overn-ent* via the afore-entioned dele)ate*. Re)ardle** of their

*+ecific content*, 2y the develo+-ent of their for- and *o+hi*tication of the co-+o*ition*, the*e di+lo-atic

-e**a)e* te*tify to the develo+-ent of +olitical culture a* one of the a*+ect* of cultural develo+-ent in )eneral.

BA. &a2i,


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clo*e council that ould -eet hen nece**ary, i.e. occa*ionally. Althou)h the ruler had the la*t ord in deci*ion*

on forei)n affair*, hi* council, al*o, had the influence on hi* deci*ion*.

R#STITUTIO OF &9H "IPLO!A$% A" ITS R#FOR!

Re*toration of it* on forei)n +olicy and di+lo-atic *ervice, &o*nia and Her0e)ovina achieve* ith the re*titution

of the *tate inde+endence in :;;t, a* an e3ual factor in international relation*.

Forei)n &9H +olicy and di+lo-acy, *hould ta5e a* the +ri-ary o2jective* of it* or5 all the nece**ary *te+* to

2uild and develo+ their country a* a de-ocratic, le)al, econo-ically +ro*+erou* and *ocially *ta2le *tate, it*

international affir-ation and acce**ion to #uro/Atlantic inte)ration. !ore than co-+licated +o*ition of &o*nia and

Her0e)ovina in the tur2ulent international relation* on a )lo2al level, ith *tron) dile--a* re)ardin) further #U

e>+an*ion, in the *ituation here the )eo*trate)ic and )eo+olitical de*tiny of the &al5an* i* *till undefined, a**i)n

very difficult i**ue* to the forei)n affair* +olitic* and di+lo-acy of &9H to 2e *olved1 i**ue* of revi*ion of *trate)ic+rioritie*, adju*t-ent to all the ne circu-*tance*, 2ut, al*o, to find *tren)th, a2ility, vi*ion, *5ill and re*ource* to

ta5e *te+* of revi*ion* and refor-* that ould ta5e the country fro- a *tate of inco-+lete or *e-i/ *overei)nty or

+rotectorate to a fully functional *tate that ould 2e ca+a2le to create it* on international role in the )lo2al

+olitical, econo-ic and other -ultilateral or)ani0ation* 2y affir-in) de-ocratic value* and the overall +ro*+erity

of it* citi0en*.

Further-ore, in the area of forei)n +olicy o+eration* and di+lo-acy it i* al*o nece**ary to -a5e the refor- of the

in*titution* in char)e of the ado+tion and i-+le-entation of forei)n +olicy deci*ion* Bthe Pre*idency, !ini*try of

Forei)n Affair*, di+lo-atic/con*ular netor5D, fro- their *tructural adju*t-ent, in*titutional o+ti-i0ation to -odern

+er*onnel revitali0ation, hich include*, a-on) other thin)*, inte)rated *y*te- of education and trainin) of

di+lo-at*. Only ith the*e and other -ea*ure* it i* +o**i2le for the forei)n +olicy and di+lo-acy of &o*nia and

Her0e)ovina, to )ro fro- the active reci+ient of 2ilateral and -ultilateral a**i*tance to e-anci+ated *u2ject of

the international di+lo-acy and international relation*.

Prof. Safet Halilovi, Ph."

Faculty of Political Science Sarajevo

PLURALIZATIO OF !O"#R "IPLO!A$%


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A" &OSIA A" H#RZ#'O(IA

SU!!AR%

In accordance ith it* internal +articularitie*, -odern di+lo-acy, a* co-+ared to traditional to/*ided di+lo-acy,

i* 2eco-in) ever -ore +lurali*tic toard* -ultilateral di+lo-acy, conce+t of +u2lic di+lo-acy i* 2ein) introduced

ver*u* *ecret di+lo-acy and -ulti+lyin) of international -eetin)* and conference* ha* led to develo+-ent of

+arlia-entary di+lo-acy, -eanhile fre3uent -eetin)* of head* of *tate* and )overn-ent* develo+ *u--it

di+lo-acy. The $old 4ar re*ult* in total di+lo-acy, and it i* re+laced 2y detente di+lo-acy. Shuttle di+lo-acy i*

al*o )radually develo+ed alon)*ide econo-ic and -ilitary di+lo-acy, after *ecret o+en and +u2lic di+lo-acy,

and then ali2i and +reventive di+lo-acy.

#>ternal +olicy and di+lo-acy of &o*nia and Her0e)ovina *hould under it* activitie* +ri-arily ai- to u*e all the

conte-+orary for-* of di+lo-atic action for con*truction and develo+-ent of the country a* a de-ocratic, laful,

econo-ically +ro*+erou* and *ocially *ta2le nation, her international affir-ation and joinin) of #uro/atlanticinte)ration*.

6ey ord*8 &iH *tate, deter-ination and +lurali0ation of di+lo-acy, 2ilateral, -ultilateral, econo-ic, -ilitary and

*u--it di+lo-acy, +u2lic, ali2i, +reventive and *huttle di+lo-acy, re*titution of &iH di+lo-acy and her refor-.


11/12

&I&LIO'RAPH%8

:. &a2i, A., B:;;CD8 "i+lo-at*5a *luQ2a u *rednjovje5ovnoj &o*ni, Sarajevo, !eunarodni centar 0a -ir


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pluralization of modern diplomacy and bosnia and herzegovina

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