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Sanitary Works

BY:Krishnandu Barma UtpolPlumbing EngineerPEDP-III, LGED

Plumbing&

IntroductionThe word plumbing derived from Latin word “Plumbum” means lead.

Efficient laying out of pipes and using befitting fittings is the art of plumbing.Selecting appropriate pipe, equipments, accessories and its installation and maintaining is the science.

Definition:

Plumbing is the art and science of designing, installing and maintanence of pipes, fixtures, equipments and its accessories for controlled flow of fluids (water, gas and water conveying waste) required in a building and its premises.

U G TANK

OH TANK

RISER PIPE

LOW PRESSURE

BRANCH PIPE

UG-OH TANK

SYSTEMU G TANK

NO OH TANK

RISER PIPE

BRANCH PIPE

UP-FEED/ PRESSURIZED

SYSTEM

Various Water Supply System in Building

INDIRECT WATER SUPPLYcvwb mieivn e¨e¯’v

cvwb cv‡¤úi gva¨‡g Qv‡`i Dc‡ii U¨v‡¼ hv‡e|

c‡i ga¨vKl©Y e‡ji Kvi‡b cvwb wewfbœ †d¬v‡i hv‡e|

SANITARY SYSTEM(Two pipe)

eR© wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v

cøvw¤^s Kv‡Ri gvjvgvj cwiwPwZtUPVC cvBc:- BSTI standard cwjgvi gqjv cvwb †ei Kivi Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| eª¨vÛt AvwRR, jxiv, b¨vkbvj cwjgvi A_ev mggv‡bi eª¨v‡Ûi we ‡MÖW UPVC cvBc UPVC cvBc:- BSTI standard cwjgvi cvwb mvcøvB Kivi Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| eª¨vÛt AvwRR, jxiv, b¨vkbvj cwjgvi A_ev mggv‡bi eª¨v‡Ûi wm/B ‡MÖW UPVC cvBc

wd·vi: BSTI standard I wmwWDj †gvZv‡eK jvMv‡Z n‡e| eª¨vÛt bvRgv, kixd A_ev QvËvi eª¨v‡Ûi wee KK, ÷cKK, wcjvi KK, G‡½j ÷c KK BZ¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e |  

mKj Porcelain / wmivwgK `ªe¨mvgMÖx RAK A_ev Gi mggv‡bi n‡Z n‡e|

Plastics are a family of man-made materials developed from synthetic organic chemicals like oil, natural gas, coal and cellulose (from wood fibers). These raw materials are made into resins.

Rigid type plastic pipe: Various types of rigid plastic pipes used in plumbing system.

1.      Unplastisized polyvinyle chloride (uPVC) pipe.

3.      Clorinated polyvinyle chloride (CPVC) pipe.

4.      Acrylonitrite Butadiene Styrene (ABS) pipe.

5.      Poly propylene (PP) pipe.

6.      Styrene Rubber (SR) pipe.

Plastic Pipes

Tests indicated that plastic pipe may last for 30 years under favorable condition.Working pressure range is 2.5 bar to 10 bar.1 bar = 14.70 psi. 1 Mpa =145.038 psi

uPVC pipe: Manufactured by plastic resins extruded in special machines under closed temperature control and manufacturing process. uPVC pipes are suitable for temperature up to 60ºc ( ºF ). These pipes should not be installed exposed to direct sunlight due to its high co-efficient of thermal expansion which is 7 x 10.5 mm /m/ ºc and loss of strength. Rigidly fixed pipes may deform due to high thermal expansion. As a result joint may start leaking. So provision for pipe expansion should be kept in the piping system

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe :CPVC pipes are useful for handing high temperature, corrosives fluids, having a maximum service temperature of 99 ºc (210 ºF). It has good chemical resistance like PVC pipes. These pipes are also recommended for hot and cold water lines and for process piping for the hot corrosive liquids.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) pipe: ABS pipes has high impact strength, is very tough and can be used at temperatures up to 180º F. It has lower chemical resistance and lower design strength than PVC pipes. These pipes are generally used in conveying water for irrigation, gas transmission, draining wastes and venting. Solvent welding and threading are the recommended process for jointing these pipes.

Plastic Pipes (contd…)

NominalSize

OutsideDiameter

Wall ThicknessClass B(6 Bar)(87 psi)

Class C(9 Bar)

(130.5 psi)

Class D(12 Bar)(174 psi)

Class E (15 Bar)

(217.5 psi)

Inch Min. mm Max. mm Min. mm Max. mm Min. mm Max. mm Min. mm Max. mm Min. mm Max. mm

 1/2 21.2 21.5 - - - - - - 1.7 2.1

 3/4 26.6 26.9 - - - - - - 1.9 2.5

1 33.3 33.8 - - - - - - 2.2 2.7

1.1/4 42.0 42.5 - - - - 2.2 2.7 2.7 3.2

1.1/2 48.0 48.5 - - - - 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.7

2 60.0 60.7 - - 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.7 3.9 4.9

3 88.4 89.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.6 5.3 5.7 6.6

4 113.7 114.9 3.4 4.0 4.5 5.2 6.0 6.9 7.3 8.4

5 139.4 141.0 3.8 4.4 5.5 6.4 7.3 8.4 9.0 10.4

6 167.4 169.1 4.5 5.2 6.5 7.6 8.8 10.2 10.8 12.5

8 218.0 220.2 5.3 6.1 7.5 9.0 10.3 11.9 12.6 14.5

10 271.6 274.4 6.6 7.6 9.7 11.2 12.8 14.8 15.7 18.1

12 322.2 325.5 7.8 9.0 11.5 13.3 15.2 17.5 18.7 21.6

14 353.7 357.3 8.5 9.8 12.6 14.5 16.7 19.2 - -

16 404.3 408.5 9.7 11.2 14.5 16.7 - - - -

uPVC Pipe Classification

Galvanized Iron (G.I) pipe: Galvanizing is done by dipping the clean surfaced iron pipes into molten pure zinc. Galvanized iron pipes are used mainly for preventing pipe from corrosion. In aggressive corrosive conditions, galvanized iron pipes should not be used.

G.I.Pipe

Class of pipe available are A, B and C.Pressure rating in Kg/cm2: ClassB: 30 at test and 20 at working; Class C: 50 at test and 30 at working

GI pipes are connected mostly by threaded joints. Welding of galvanized pipe shall be avoided since it results in emission of a toxic gas from the zinc coating.

Corrosion is the major problem. Zinc coating thickness shall be ranged between 45µm to 100µm

Soil pipe: A soil pipe is a pipe Through which human excreta flows.

Water Pipe: it is a pipe which carries only the liquid waste. It does not carry human excreta.

Vent pipe; it is a pipe which is provided for the purpose of the ventilation of the system. A vent is open at top and bottom, to facilitate exit of foul gases. It is carried at least one meter higher than the roof level.

Rain water pipe: it is a pipe which carries only the rain water.

PIPES

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Uz Bb Iqvb wee KK

wcjvi KK mvIqvi †nW

Kbwmj ÷c KK

‡MÖwUs

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BDwbqb

cøvM

VARIOUS VALVES , CLIPS AND TAPE

Copper Pipe Clips Gate ValveBall Valve

Thread seal tape (also known as PTFE tape or plumber's tape) is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film for use in sealing pipe threads.

GATE VALVE

Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

For shut off or closing a pipePlug: Plug is used for closing the end of a pipe or a fitting having a female thread.

Cap : Cap is used for closing the end of a pipe or fittings having a male thread.

cvBc jvBb _vwg‡q w`‡Z n‡j

Floor drainsThe floor drain is a plumbing fixture, which provides an opening in the floor to drain wastewater generated on the floor and discharged into the plumbing system. In areas where there is chance of receiving wastewater, a floor drain of adequate size should be provided.

Clean-outs ev †Wvi t mvavibZ †Kvb cvB‡ci g‡a¨ gqjv AvUwK‡q †M‡j Zv cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ GwU e¨envi Kiv nq|

CleanoutsA plumbing cleanout is a cleanout fitting with a removable plug. It is designed to help keep clear any type of debris that could cause any type of stoppage in the water drain lines.

Cleanouts are usually placed at the connection point between the sewer lines and the drain lines where the base is located of a vertical stack and at all places were the pipe direction changes at 90 degrees.

Plumbing Trap

A plumbing trap is a curved pipe that is located underneath a plumbing fixture. A plumbing trap is an essential part of a building’s plumbing for two main reasons. trap prevents the entry of odors into a building. trap also catches items that may cause major clogs or blockages if allowed to

travel further into the drainage system.

In most municipalities, the installation of plumbing traps on all plumbing fixtures is required.

TRAPS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

TRAPS EXAMPLES

‘P’ TRAP

‘S’ TRAP

Kitchen sink

Water closets are water flushed plumbing fixtures that receive human excrement and finally dispose off into drainage system using water as a conveyance medium.

Siphon Jet

Water closet

Water closet

Water closet

Consume much Water

Water closet

Siphon Jet Flushing System

Water closet Flushing System

Float Valve

Water closet Flushing System

Conventional System

Water closet Flushing System

Squatting urinal Long Pan

LAVATORIES - বে�সি�নThe lavatory is a bowl or basin used for washing of the hands, face etc. The bowl is usually oval in shape. Generally the bowl has a capacity of about 4.5 liter (1 gal) up to the overflow line.

PedestalWall HungVanity

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1. `vM †`Iqv

2. cvBc KvUv

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5. cvBc †Rvov jvMv‡bv

BD.wc.wf.wm cvBc KvUv I †Rvov †`evi wbqg:

BD.wc.wf.wm cvBc KvUv I †Rvov †`evi wbqg:

Av‡M cøv÷vi I wQ`ª¸‡jv XvjvB K‡i jvBb emv‡bv

`~e©j K¬vw¤ús

fzjfv‡e emv‡bv Uªvc I 2′′ Kv‡bKmb

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AvÛvi MÖvDÛ cvBc / wcU Gi KvR Kivi mgq Kibxq:

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AvÛvi MÖvDÛ cvBc / wcU Gi KvR Kivi mgq Kibxq:

1. Bib cock for commode 18″

2. Angle stop cock for combi closet 18″

3. Angle stop cock for lowdown 28″

4. Angle stop cock for wash basin 23″

5. Bib cock below shower 28″

6. Conceal stop cock 44″

7. Head shower 78″

8. Soap case 44″

9. Paper holder 24″

10. Towel rail 48″

11. Glass shelf 12″ (From Basin Top)

12. Mirror 15″ (From Basin Top)

Sanitary Fitting Standard Height

Sanitary Fitting Standard Height

Water Lifting pump (Centrifugal)Centrifugal pump should be selected considering its flow rate for particular head at its maximum efficiency. Power consumption should also be considered.

Self primed centrifugal pump should be used. Pump installing by the side of reservoir will not require priming.

Pump and motor shall be truly aligned horizontally or vertically.

Provide drainage facilities in pump room. Pump room shall be made well ventilated.

Provide short suction pipe with minimum bend. Horizontal part shall be slightly sloped downward.

Install pump on a massive base and use rubberized sheet under base plate.

Provide flexible joints both in suction and delivery pipe.

Bending of suction pipe shall be 12 times diameter of pipe apart from pump end.

VWLP

GATE VALVE

CHECK VALVE

FLEXIBLE CONNECTION

U.G. TANK WALL

PIPE SLEEVE

AdjustablePUMP BASE

STRAINER

45090

0

Water Lifting pump (Submersible)

Water Lifting pump (Sump pump)

Over head Water TankSize of O.H. tank is primarily governed by; how many times in a day a pump and at what capacity it will operate to fill the tank.

Position of water tank should be at the centroid of volume of water supply outlets.

Elevated position shall be based on pressure needed to supply through top most faucet.

Electronic sensor can be used to control inflow of water into the tank

Water reservoirs shall be cleaned at least twice a year

Provide a drainage pipe at the floor of reservoir.

The pressure is a function of water height and density of water i.e.

P = hD. where h = depth of water in ft and D = density of water

For 1 ft of water column, pressure exerted is

P = h D= [(1 ft) x (62.4) 1b /ft 3)] (1ft2 / 144 in2 ) = 0.433 h psi/ ft depth.

So p = 0.4333 h psi

So one psi pressure is developed for 1/0.433 = 2.304 ft of water column.

h = 2.304 p ft of water column.

Static water pressure

Absolute pressure is the gauge pressure plus 14.7 psi because at mean sea level where the absolute atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi. But the gauge reads zero pressure there.

* Flow pressure is the pressure in the pipe at the entrance to the particular fixture considered.** Flushometer type.

Required pressure & discharge in the faucets for different fixtures.

Sl. No Fixture

Flow Pressurepsi

Flow Rate(US gpm)

1 Ordinary basin faucet 8 22 Self- closing basin faucet 12 2.53 Sink faucet, (⅜ in) 10 4.54 Sink faucet, (1/2 in) 5 4.55 Bathtub faucet 5 66 Laundry tub cock, (1/2 in) 5 57 Shower 12 58 Ball cock for closet 15 39 Flush valve for closet ** 10-20 15-3510 Flush valve for urinal ** 15 15

Maintenance Tools & Checking

Source : http://www.ramonasplumber.com/dpatoollist.shtml

Pressure Test:To test a pipe system increasing pressure in the system is the best way to determine, either the system is ok or not.

Pressure given in the system must be one & half times than actual design pressure.

Pressure Gauge

Manual Pressure Testing Device

Maintenance Tools & Checking

Source : http://www.ramonasplumber.com/dpatoollist.shtml

Pressure Test:

Mechanical Pressure Testing Device

Maintenance Tools & CheckingFlow Meter:

Ultrasonic Flow Meter

Tube Flow Meter Flow Meter cum regulator

Pipe Flow Meter

HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS

Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS

Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS

Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS

Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS

Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, BASIN, PIPES AND SEWERSBY USING PLUNGER

Source : http://www.familyhandyman.com/plumbing/drain-repair/how-to-clear-clogged-drains/view-all

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Questions Please

?

Reference: (1)Haque, S. Azizul, Plumbing Practice, 1st Endition.(2)Bamgladesh National Building Code.(3)R. D. Treloar, Plumbing Encyclopedia, 4th Edition. (4)M. Feroze Ahmed, Md. Mujibur Rahman, Water

Supply and Sanitation for rural and low income urban communities.

(5)Donald Watson, Michael J. Crosbie, John Hancock Callender, Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design.

(6)Several web sites for different pictures(7)International Plumbing Code(IPC)